The Study of Skeletal Muscle Weight Change on Female Elder Adults

There are several problems after post-menopausal and higher age in the female. It may affect their physiological results, especially in the changes of their body composition. Older adults change their skeletal muscle weight when they are aging. But what differences their skeletal muscle weight change is still unknown. There is little previous research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate skeletal muscle weight change on female older adult. Methods: 48 women aged 41-80 years old were randomly selected and divided into four different age groups: 41-50 y (14 persons, abbreviated as number), 51-60 y (12), 61-70 y (12) and 71-80 y (10). All subjects’ body compositions were measured. Body composition analysis was conducted using the In Body 220 body composition analyzer. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS statistical software for Windows 15.0. Independent one-way ANOVA was used as the statistical method at a significance level (α) of .05, followed by the Scheffé’s method to account for multiple comparisons. Results: Statistical analyses show that means of 4 skeletal muscle weight groups was 22.27±2.12(kg), 21.41±2.12(kg), 21.16±2.25(kg), 16.64±1.98(kg), there is significant differences in between 41-50y, 51-60y, 61-70y and 70-80 y group (Scheffé：41-70 y＞70-80 y). Conclusions: This research conclusion is that the skeletal muscle weight were similar from 41 years old to 70 years old in female older adult. But after 71 years old the skeletal muscle weight aging quickly.

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PT07.3: A Critical Assessment of CT as a Valid Means of Skeletal Muscle Analysis and Muscular Body Composition Analysis in Cancer Cachexia

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32578-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. S47-S48

Author(s):

M.I. Ramage ◽

J. Miller ◽

C.D.A. Deans ◽

K.C.H. Fearon ◽

S. Wigmore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Cancer Cachexia ◽

Critical Assessment ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Body Composition Analysis

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The impact of sarcopenia on toxicity and pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in colorectal cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.633 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 633-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Grant Richard Williams ◽

Allison Mary Deal ◽

Shlomit S. Shachar ◽

Christine Marie Walko ◽

Jai Narendra Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Cytotoxic Agents ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Grade 3 ◽

The Impact

633 Background: Great heterogeneity exists in the ability of adults with cancer to tolerate treatment. Variability in body composition may affect rates of metabolism of cytotoxic agents and contribute to the variable chemotherapy toxicity observed. The goal of this study was to explore the impact of body composition, in particular sarcopenia, on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in a cohort of patients receiving FOLFOX +/- bevacizumab for colorectal cancer. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a completed multicenter trial that investigated pharmacokinetic-guided 5FU in patients receiving mFOLFOX6 +/- bevacizumab [Patel et al. The Oncologist 2014]. Computed Tomography (CT) images that were performed as part of routine care were used to for body composition analysis. Skeletal muscle area (SMA) and density (SMD) were analyzed from CT scan L3 lumbar segments using radiological software. SMA and height (m2) were used to calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI = SMA/m2). Skeletal Muscle Gauge (SMG) was created by multiplying SMI x SMD. Differences were compared using two group t-tests and fisher’s exact tests. Results: Of the 70 patients from the original study, 25 had available CT imaging. The mean age was 59, 52% female, 80% Caucasian, and 92% with either stage III or IV disease. Eleven patients (44%) had grade 3/4 toxicity, and 12 patients were identified as sarcopenic (48%) [per Martin et al. JCO 2013]. Sarcopenic patients had numerically higher first cycle 5FU AUCs compared to non-sarcopenic patients (19.3 vs. 17.3 AUC, p= 0.43) and higher grade 3/4 toxicities (50 vs 38.5%, p= 0.70). Patients with low SMG ( < 1475 AU) had higher grade 3/4 toxicities (62 vs 25%, p= 0.11) and higher hematologic toxicities (46 v 8%, p= 0.07). Conclusions: CRC patients with sarcopenia had numerically higher first cycle AUCs of 5FU and a higher incidence of severe toxicities; however, this was not statistically significant, possibly due to limited sample size. SMG, an integrated muscle measure, was more highly correlated with toxicity outcomes than either SMI or SMD alone. Further research exploring the role of body composition in pharmacokinetics is needed with a focus on alternative dosing strategies in sarcopenic patients.

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Body Composition in Pediatric Solid Tumors: State of the Science and Future Directions

JNCI Monographs ◽

10.1093/jncimonographs/lgz018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (54) ◽

pp. 144-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lenat Joffe ◽

Keri L Schadler ◽

Wei Shen ◽

Elena J Ladas

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Solid Tumor ◽

Muscle Wasting ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Hematologic Malignancies ◽

Prognostic Indicators ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Tumor Patients ◽

Skeletal Muscle Wasting

Abstract Sarcopenia (severe skeletal muscle wasting) and sarcopenic obesity (skeletal muscle wasting in the setting of excess fat) have been increasingly recognized as important prognostic indicators in adult oncology. Unfavorable changes in lean and adipose tissue masses manifest early in therapy and are associated with altered chemotherapy metabolism as well as increased treatment-related morbidity and mortality. Existing literature addresses the role of body composition in children with hematologic malignancies; however, data is lacking among solid tumor patients. Advances in imaging techniques for quantification of tissue compartments potentiate further investigation in this highly understudied area of pediatric oncology. The following review presents an in-depth discussion of body composition analysis and its potential role in the care of pediatric solid tumor patients. Integration of body tissue measurement into standard practice has broad clinical implications and may improve quality of life and treatment outcomes in this at-risk population.

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The Relationship between Imaging-Based Body Composition Analysis and the Systemic Inflammatory Response in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers11091304 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Abbass ◽

Dolan ◽

Laird ◽

McMillan

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

The Relationship

Background and aim: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Nutritional status (cachexia) and systemic inflammation play a significant role in predicting cancer outcome. The aim of the present review was to examine the relationship between imaging-based body composition and systemic inflammation in patients with cancer. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched up to 31 March 2019 for published articles using MESH terms cancer, body composition, systemic inflammation, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound sonography (USS) and computed tomography (CT). Studies performed in adult patients with cancer describing the relationship between imaging-based body composition and measures of the systemic inflammatory response were included in this review. Results: The literature search retrieved 807 studies and 23 met the final eligibility criteria and consisted of prospective and retrospective cohort studies comprising 11,474 patients. CT was the most common imaging modality used (20 studies) and primary operable (16 studies) and colorectal cancer (10 studies) were the most commonly studied cancers. Low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and systemic inflammation were consistently associated; both had a prognostic value and this relationship between low SMI and systemic inflammation was confirmed in four longitudinal studies. There was also evidence that skeletal muscle density (SMD) and systemic inflammation were associated (9 studies). Discussion: The majority of studies examining the relationship between CT based body composition and systemic inflammation were in primary operable diseases and in patients with colorectal cancer. These studies showed that there was a consistent association between low skeletal muscle mass and the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. These findings have important implications for the definition of cancer cachexia and its treatment.

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Impact of body composition on outcomes from anti-PD1 +/− anti-CTLA-4 treatment in melanoma

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer ◽

10.1136/jitc-2020-000821 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e000821

Author(s):

Arissa C Young ◽

Henry T Quach ◽

Haocan Song ◽

Elizabeth J Davis ◽

Javid J Moslehi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Lumbar Vertebrae ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Body Composition Analysis ◽

Tissue Area

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed treatment for melanoma, but identifying reliable biomarkers of response and effective modifiable lifestyle factors has been challenging. Obesity has been correlated with improved responses to ICI, although the association of body composition measures (muscle, fat, etc) with outcomes remains unknown.MethodsWe performed body composition analysis using Slice-o-matic software on pretreatment CT scans to quantify skeletal muscle index (SMI=skeletal muscle area/height2), skeletal muscle density (SMD), skeletal muscle gauge (SMG=SMI × SMD), and total adipose tissue index (TATI=subcutaneous adipose tissue area + visceral adipose tissue area/height2) of each patient at the third lumbar vertebrae. We then correlated these measures to response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity.ResultsAmong 287 patients treated with ICI, body mass index was not associated with clinical benefit or toxicity. In univariable analyses, patients with sarcopenic obesity had inferior PFS (HR 1.4, p=0.04). On multivariable analyses, high TATI was associated with inferior PFS (HR 1.7, p=0.04), which was particularly strong in women (HR 2.1, p=0.03). Patients with intermediate TATI and high SMG had the best outcomes, whereas those with low SMG/high TATI had inferior PFS and OS (p=0.02 for both PFS and OS).ConclusionsBody composition analysis identified several features that correlated with improved clinical outcomes, although the associations were modest. As with other studies, we identified sex-specific associations that warrant further study.

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Relationship between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Physical Function of Perioperative Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients: Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Mass Using a BIA Body Composition Analyzer

Rigakuryoho Kagaku ◽

10.1589/rika.35.849 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 849-853

Author(s):

Yuta SUGITA ◽

Tsuyoshi HARA ◽

Akira KUBO

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Function ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Composition Analyzer

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Computed tomography-based multiple body composition parameters predict outcomes in Crohn’s disease

Insights into Imaging ◽

10.1186/s13244-021-01083-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ziling Zhou ◽

Ziman Xiong ◽

Qingguo Xie ◽

Peng Xiao ◽

Qingpeng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Adverse Outcome ◽

Principal Component ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Disease Behavior ◽

Lumbar Spinal

Abstract Background The efficacy of computed tomography-based multiple body composition parameters in assessing disease behavior and prognosis has not been comprehensively evaluated in Crohn’s disease. This study aimed to assess the association of body composition parameters with disease behavior and outcomes in Crohn’s disease and to compare the efficacies of indexes derived from body and lumbar spinal heights in body composition analysis. Results One hundred twenty-two patients with confirmed Crohn’s disease diagnoses and abdominal computed tomography scans were retrospectively included in this study. Skeletal muscle, visceral, and subcutaneous fat indexes were calculated by dividing each type of tissue area by height2 and lumbar spinal height2. Parameters reflecting the distribution of adiposity were also assessed. Principal component analysis was used to deal with parameters with multicollinearity. Patients were grouped according to their disease behavior (inflammatory vs. structuring/penetrating) and outcomes. Adverse outcome included need for intestinal surgery or anti-TNF therapy. Predictors of disease course from multiple parameters were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Indexes derived from body and lumbar spinal heights were strongly correlated (r, 0.934–0.995; p < 0.001). Low skeletal muscle-related parameters were significantly associated with complicated disease behavior in multivariate analysis (p = 0.048). Complicated disease behavior (p < 0.001) and adipose tissue parameters-related first principal component (p = 0.029) were independent biomarkers for predicting adverse outcomes. Conclusions Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue principle component were associated with complicated Crohn’s disease behavior and adverse outcome, respectively. Indexes derived from body and lumbar spinal heights have similar efficacies in body composition analysis.

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Subcellular responses of p53 and Id2 in fast and slow skeletal muscle in response to stretch-induced overload

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00374.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 1897-1904 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Parco M. Siu ◽

Stephen E. Alway

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Young Adult ◽

P53 Protein ◽

Age Groups ◽

Tumor Suppressor P53 ◽

Muscle Weight ◽

Japanese Quails ◽

Old Japanese ◽

Anterior Latissimus Dorsi ◽

Inhibitor Of Dna Binding

Tumor suppressor p53 and inhibitor of DNA-binding/differentiation Id2 were examined after 7 or 21 days of wing weighting in fast patagialis (PAT) and slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) wing muscles of young adult and old Japanese quails. The contralateral wing served as the intra-animal control. Seven days of loading increased PAT and ALD muscle weight by 28 and 96%, respectively, in young birds. PAT and ALD muscle weight was 49 and 179% greater, respectively, than control muscles after 21 days of loading in young birds. In aged birds, no PAT or ALD hypertrophy was found after 7 days of loading; however, PAT and ALD muscle weight increased by 29 and 102%, respectively, after 21 days of loading. Id2 protein in the nuclear muscle fraction increased in both PAT and ALD muscles from young adult and old birds that were loaded for 7 days and in ALD muscles after 21 days of loading relative to contralateral control muscles. Nuclear p53 protein was greater in 7- or 21-day loaded PAT and ALD muscles relative to control muscles in both age groups. Cytosolic Id2 and p53 protein contents were not changed in loaded PAT or ALD muscles relative to control muscles at any time point. These data suggest that nuclear, but not cytosolic, Id2 and p53 are responsive to stretch-induced muscle overload. Moreover, the attenuated ability of the aged skeletal muscle to achieve hypertrophy does not appear to be explained by the subcellular changes in Id2 and p53 content with overload.

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Body composition and association with treatment toxicity in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma receiving targeted agents.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e15608 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e15608-e15608

Author(s):

Kelly McCabe ◽

Vicky Goh ◽

Anup Vinayan ◽

Ann Petruckevitch ◽

Paul D. Nathan

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Change ◽

Mtor Inhibitors ◽

Targeted Agents ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Treatment Toxicity ◽

Increased Risk

e15608 Background: Treatment toxicity may be influenced by heterogeneity in body composition. Muscle wasting in mRCC patients treated with sorafenib is associated with increased risk of toxicity (Antoun et al, 2010). We used CT analysis to investigate changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in a large cohort of mRCC patients treated with a number of targeted agents and determined whether body composition was associated with treatment toxicity. Methods: A retrospective analysis of between 2-7 sequential CT scans of 112 mRCC patients was conducted. Each patient received between 1-4 courses of therapy. In total 191 treatment episodes within this population were included; 113 courses of VEGF TKIs, 22 courses of mTOR inhibitors, 36 courses of immunotherapy and 20 episodes where no treatment was given. A validated method, using L3 as a lumbar vertebral landmark, was used to measure lumbar skeletal muscle area (cm3) and adipose tissue volume (cm3). Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index (ASMI) was calculated to determine prevalence of sarcopenia within the cohort; sarcopenia was defined as ASMI <7.26kg/m2 for males and <5.45kg/m2for females. Toxicity was assessed by Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) scores documented in medical records. The cohort was divided into body mass index (BMI) quartiles. Results: Of the 112 participants, 74.1% of the group had a BMI >25 at their first scan. Mean weight change between first and last scan was -3.89kg (SD: ±9.09). 20.5% of the cohort were sarcopenic at baseline, increasing to 38.4% at final scan. Sarcopenia was independent of weight change and was associated with increased frequency of severe (CTC grade > 2) treatment toxicity (Pearson Chi Square Value: 12.82; p= 0.001). This effect persisted after adjusting for BMI quartile (odds ratio = 5.04; p=0.004). Changes in bone composition and correlation of body composition with clinical outcome will also be reported. Conclusions: Sarcopenia is common in mRCC patients and is associated with a significantly increased risk of severe treatment toxicity when receiving targeted agents. Sarcopenia was seen across all BMI quartiles and was not associated with weight change.

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