Quantitative Determination of Arsenate in Dried Shrimp by Spectrophotometric Measurement of its Heteropoly Blue

2013 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Charuwan Suitcharit
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Formation Condition ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Molybdenum Blue ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Good Agreement

A cost-effective and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of arsenate in dried shrimp has been developed using molybdenum blue as a chromogenic reagent. The method is based on arsenate conversion to arsenomolybdate heteropoly blue having an absorbance maximum at 870 nm. The effects of pH, time, temperature and light on its complex formation were investigated. The optimal complex formation condition at pH 4 in 90 min at 15+1°C was obtained and the blue color was favorable developed in daylight. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of arsenate in samples with the addition of DTPA to eliminate the interferences resulting in increased selectivity. The standard addition calibration graph was constructed with the linear range extended to 40 μgL-1 (r2 = 0.9987). The detection limit (S/N = 3) of 3.21 μgL-1, and the precision of 3.13% (RSD) were obtained. The method has good recovery of 95% for the determination of arsenate. The amounts of arsenate in dried shrimp samples compared with those obtained from ICP-OES were shown to be in good agreement (r = 0.998).

Rate-nephelometric determination of fibronectin in plasma.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
W C van Helden ◽  
A Kok-Verspuy ◽  
G A Harff ◽  
G J van Kamp
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Turbidimetric Assay ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract We describe a kinetic immunonephelometric method for the determination of fibronectin in human plasma, used with the Beckman ICS rate nephelometer. The method is rapid and cost-effective. Two commercially available controls stated by the manufacturer to contain 200 and 295 mg/L were found to contain 198 and 290 mg/L, respectively. Mean analytical recovery was 104%. Within-run precision (CV) for normal samples was 3.8%, between-day precision 5.1%. For samples containing subnormal concentrations of fibronectin, these figures were 3.8% and 6.7%, respectively. Results by the method described here agreed and correlated well with those by a commercially available turbidimetric assay. With appropriately diluted samples, the range of measurement is 40 to 1000 mg/L. Normal values for women and men were 286 (SD 84) and 340 (SD 55) mg/L, respectively, in good agreement with values published by others.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Carbadox in Swine Feeds

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 982-986
Author(s):  
John T Goras ◽  
Donald A Gonci ◽  
Kotaro Murai ◽  
James E Curley ◽  
Philip N Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Standard Addition ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Spectrophotometric Measurement ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The assay method is applicable to samples containing 0.00110-0.0606% carbadox (methyl 3-(2-quinoxalinylmethylene)carbazate - N1, N4-dioxide) (10–550 g/ton). Carbadox is leached from the sample with chloroform-methanol (3+1), followed by a series of solvent-solvent extractions, column chromatography, and finally the spectrophotometric measurement of the carbadox content of the final solution at 420 nm. This treatment of the feed or feed supplement sample serves to isolate the carbadox from materials that might interfere in the spectrophotometric measurement. The method of standard addition compensates for a feed or feed supplement matrix effect in the assay. A water pretreatment step improves recovery of drug from pelleted feeds. Assay results for feeds and feed supplements that were prepared under carefully controlled conditions showed good agreement between the amounts of carbadox added and found. Multiple assay values for feeds containing 0.00551% carbadox exhibited a coefficient of variation of about 5%. Assay results for commercial feed and feed supplement samples indicated that the assay method is applicable to a wide variety of feeds and feed supplements.

scholarly journals Floatation-Spectrophotometric Determination of Thorium, Using Complex Formation with Eriochrome Cyanine R

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. ACI.S5949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah Shiri ◽  
Ali Delpisheh ◽  
Ali Haeri ◽  
Abdolhossein Poornajaf ◽  
Tahereh Khezeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Brij 35 ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Interfering Ions

A novel and sensitive floatation-spectrophotometric method is presented for determination of trace amounts of thorium in water samples. The method is based on the ion-associated formation between thorium, Eriochrome cyanine R and Brij-35 at pH = 4 media. The complex was floated in the interface of the aqueous phase and n-hexane by vigorous shaking. After removing the aqueous phase the floated particles were dissolved in methanol and the absorbance was measured at 607 nm. The influence of different important parameters such as Eriochrome cyanine R and surfactants concentration, pH, volume of n-hexane, standing time and interfering ions were evaluated. Under optimized conditions the calibration graph was linear in the range of 6-230 ng mL-1 of thorium with a correlation coefficient of 0.9985. The limit of detections (LOD), based on signal to noise ratio (S/N) of 3 was 1.7 ng mL-1. The relative standard deviations for determination of 150 and 30 ng ml-1 of thorium were 3.26 and 4.41%, respectively (n = 10). The method showed a good linearity, recoveries, as well as some advantages such as sensitivity, simplicity, affordability and a high feasibility. The method was successfully applied to determine thorium in different water and urine samples.

Combined Determination of Phosphorus and Arsenic in Molybdenum Concentrate by Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 521-525
Author(s):  
Cheng Ying Zhou ◽  
Wei Qu ◽  
Liu Lu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Additive Property ◽  
Molybdenum Blue ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Molybdenum Concentrate ◽  
Total Absorbance

This paper determined the total absorbance of phosphorus molybdenum blue and arsenic molybdenum blue by using the additive property of their absorbance values. By eliminating the interference of arsenic by reduction masking with composite reducing agent Na2SO3-Na2S2O3-KBr, the absorbance of phosphorus could be obtained. Thus, the content of phosphorus and arsenic could be calculated, respectively. The results show that the work curves of this method for phosphorus and arsenic are consistent with Beer’s law when the content of phosphorus and arsenic is 0-0.60ug/mL and 0-2.00ug/mL, respectively. The standard addition recovery rate of phosphorus and arsenic is 98.80%-101.04% and 99.00%-101.50%, respectively. The relative standard deviation of phosphorus and arsenic is less than 4.0% with good accuracy and precision. This method is simple and fast to determine phosphorus and arsenic in molybdenum concentrate, and the results are accurate and reliable.

scholarly journals Assessment of long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) by estimating the drug atenolol with ammonium molybdate via continuous flow injection analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 0078
Author(s):  
Elham N. Mezaal N. Mezaal
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Flow Injection Analysis ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Optimum Parameters

     Atenolol was used with ammonium molybdate to prove the efficiency, reliability and repeatability of the long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) using continuous flow injection analysis. The method is based on reaction between atenolol and ammonium molybdate in an aqueous medium to obtain a dark brown precipitate. Optimum parameters was studied to increase the sensitivity for developed method. A linear range for calibration graph was 0.1-3.5 mmol/L for cell A and 0.3-3.5 mmol/L for cell B, and LOD 133.1680 ng/100 µL and 532.6720 ng/100 µL for cell A and cell B respectively with correlation coefficient (r) 0.9910 for cell A and 0.9901 for cell B, RSD% was lower than 1%, (n=8) for the determination of atenolol at concentration (0.5, 0.7 and 5) mmol/L respectively. The results were compared with classical method UV-Spectrophotometric at λ max=270 nm using the standard addition method via the use of t-test, at 95% confidence level. The comparison of data explain that long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) is the choice with excellent extended detection and wide application.                                                                                                       

scholarly journals Microtitrimetric determination of a drug content of pharmaceuticals containing olanzapine in non-aqueous medium

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanakapura Basavaiah ◽  
Nagaraju Rajendraprasad ◽  
Basavaiah Vinay
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Bulk Drug ◽  
Point Detection

Two simple, rapid, reliable and cost-effective methods based on titrimetry in non-aqueous medium are described for the determination of olanzapine in pharmaceuticals. In these methods, the drug dissolved in the glacial acetic acid was titrated with the acetous perchloric acid with visual and potentiometric end point detection, crystal violet being used as the indicator for visual titration. The methods are applicable over 1-15 mg range of olanzapine. The procedures were applied to determine olanzapine in pharmaceutical products and the results were found to be in a good agreement with those obtained by the reference method. Associated pharmaceutical materials did not interfere. The precision results, expressed by inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviation values, were satisfactory, higher than 2%. The accuracy was satisfactory as well. The methods proved to be suitable for the analysis of olanzapine in bulk drug and in tablets. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by recovery studies via a standard addition technique with percent recoveries in the range 97.51-103.7% with a standard deviation of less than 2%.

scholarly journals Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Cefuroxime Axetil in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms.

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 6282-6295
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz Ramadan ◽  
Marwa Bakdash
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Cefuroxime Axetil ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Tablet Dosage ◽  
Good Agreement

A simple, direct and cost-effective spectrophotometric method for determination of cefuroxime axetil (CRXA)  in pure and tablet dosage forms was applied. This method is based on formation of ion-pair complex ([CRXA]:[BTB]) between CRXA and bromothymol blue (BTB) in chloroform. Beer’s law in the optimum experimental conditions using [CRXA]:[BTB] complex is valid within a concentration range of 2.00-50.00 ?M (1.021–25.524 ?g.mL-1). The developed method is applied for the determination of CRXA in pure and its commercial tablets without any interference from excipients with average assay of 96.8 to 101.6% and the results are in good agreement with those obtained by the HPLC reference method. Associated drugs (sulbactam and linesolid) with cefuroxime axetil are considered to be interfere, while metronidazole can be considered as non-interfere.

scholarly journals Simple and Inexpensive Methods Development for Determination of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride from Its Solid Dosage Forms by Visible Spectrophotometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1645-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Raghubabu ◽  
L. Shanti Swarup ◽  
B. Kalyanaramu ◽  
M. N. Rao ◽  
C. Ramdas
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride ◽  
Tablet Dosage

Two simple, sensitive and cost effective visible spectrophotometric methods (M1 and M2) have been developed for the determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride from bulk and tablet dosage forms. The method M1 is based on the formation of green colored coordination complex by the drug with cobalt thiocyanate which is quantitatively extractable into nitro benzene with an absorption maximum of 626.4 nm. The method M2 involves internal salt formation of aconitic anhydride, dehydration product of citric acid [CIA] with acetic anhydride [Ac2O] to form colored chromogen with an absorption maximum of 561.2 nm. The calibration graph is linear over the concentration range of 10-50 µg/mL and 8-24 µg/mL for method M1 and M2 respectively. The proposed methods are applied to commercial available tablets and the results are statistically compared with those obtained by the reference method and validated by recovery studies. The results are found satisfactory and reproducible. These methods are applied successfully for the estimation of the venlafaxine hydrochloride in the presence of other ingredients that are usually present in dosage forms.

Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Determination of Levamisole and Triclabendazole in Tablets by Principal Component Regression and Partial Least Squares Chemometric Methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Pektas ◽  
Erdal Dinc ◽  
Dumitru Baleanu
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Chemometric Methods ◽  
Preliminary Separation ◽  
Absorbance Data ◽  
Good Agreement

Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) chemometric methods were applied to the simultaneous quantitative analysis of levamisole (LVM) and triclabendazole (TCB) in tablets without using a preliminary separation, even in presence of the overlapping spectra of the above compounds. For both PCR and PLS, a concentration set containing 25 different mixtures of LVM and TCB in the linear concentration range was symmetrically prepared and then the absorbance values of the concentration set were measured at the wavelength set with Dl=0.1 nm in the spectral region of 225-322.3 nm. PCR and PLS calibrations were obtained by applying the PCR and PLS algorithms to the concentration set data (y-block) and their corresponding absorbance data (x-block). The validity of PCR and PLS chemometric methods was performed by using the independent synthetic mixtures and the standard addition technique. Then, these analytical methods were applied to the commercial tablets and a good agreement was obtained between experimental results provided by the application of the PCR and PLS to the synthetic and real samples.

scholarly journals Rapid and Cost-Effective Determination of Acrylamide in Coffee by Planar Chromatography and Fluorescence Detection After Derivatization with Dansulfinic Acid

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Alpmann ◽  
Gertrud Morlock
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Planar Chromatography ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Butyl Methyl Ether

Abstract A new method has been developed for the determination of acrylamide in ground coffee by planar chromatography using prechromatographic in situ derivatization with dansulfinic acid. After pressurized fluid extraction of acrylamide from the coffee samples, the extracts were passed through activated carbon and concentrated. These extracts were applied onto a silica gel 60 HPTLC plate and oversprayed with dansulfinic acid. By heating the plate, acrylamide was derivatized into the fluorescent product dansylpropanamide. The chromatographic separation with ethyl acetatetert.-butyl methyl ether (8 + 2, v/v) mobile phase was followed by densitometric quantification at 254/>400 nm using a 4 point calibration via the standard addition method over the whole system for which acrylamide was added at different concentrations at the beginning of the extraction process. The method was validated for commercial coffee. The linearity over the whole procedure showed determination coefficients between 0.9995 and 0.9825 (n = 6). Limit of quantitation at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 was determined to be 48 g/kg. The within-run precision (relative standard deviation, n = 6) of the chromatographic method was 3. Commercial coffee samples analyzed showed acrylamide contents between 52 and 191 g/kg, which was in correlation with amounts reported in previous publications.

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