Spectrophotometric Determination of Carbadox in Swine Feeds

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 982-986
Author(s):  
John T Goras ◽  
Donald A Gonci ◽  
Kotaro Murai ◽  
James E Curley ◽  
Philip N Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Standard Addition ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Spectrophotometric Measurement ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The assay method is applicable to samples containing 0.00110-0.0606% carbadox (methyl 3-(2-quinoxalinylmethylene)carbazate - N1, N4-dioxide) (10–550 g/ton). Carbadox is leached from the sample with chloroform-methanol (3+1), followed by a series of solvent-solvent extractions, column chromatography, and finally the spectrophotometric measurement of the carbadox content of the final solution at 420 nm. This treatment of the feed or feed supplement sample serves to isolate the carbadox from materials that might interfere in the spectrophotometric measurement. The method of standard addition compensates for a feed or feed supplement matrix effect in the assay. A water pretreatment step improves recovery of drug from pelleted feeds. Assay results for feeds and feed supplements that were prepared under carefully controlled conditions showed good agreement between the amounts of carbadox added and found. Multiple assay values for feeds containing 0.00551% carbadox exhibited a coefficient of variation of about 5%. Assay results for commercial feed and feed supplement samples indicated that the assay method is applicable to a wide variety of feeds and feed supplements.

A Simple Nonchromatographic Determination of Glycerophosphatide in Serum

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur F Rosenthal ◽  
Stella Ching-Hsien Han
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Lipid Mixture ◽  
Acid Reagent ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Glycerophosphatide phosphorus is determined in ether-methanol extracts of blood serum by a nondigestive procedure which utilizes a sulfuric-periodic acid reagent. Sphingomyelin phosphorus is not liberated. The method shows good agreement with the sum of lecithin, cephalin, and lysolecithin phosphorus when the lipids are separated by thin-layer chromatography. Lecithin in an artificial lipid mixture is determined readily. The ether-methanol extraction gives results comparable to that of a standard chloroform-methanol extract.

Quantitative Determination of Arsenate in Dried Shrimp by Spectrophotometric Measurement of its Heteropoly Blue

2013 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Charuwan Suitcharit
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Formation Condition ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Molybdenum Blue ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Good Agreement

A cost-effective and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of arsenate in dried shrimp has been developed using molybdenum blue as a chromogenic reagent. The method is based on arsenate conversion to arsenomolybdate heteropoly blue having an absorbance maximum at 870 nm. The effects of pH, time, temperature and light on its complex formation were investigated. The optimal complex formation condition at pH 4 in 90 min at 15+1°C was obtained and the blue color was favorable developed in daylight. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of arsenate in samples with the addition of DTPA to eliminate the interferences resulting in increased selectivity. The standard addition calibration graph was constructed with the linear range extended to 40 μgL-1 (r2 = 0.9987). The detection limit (S/N = 3) of 3.21 μgL-1, and the precision of 3.13% (RSD) were obtained. The method has good recovery of 95% for the determination of arsenate. The amounts of arsenate in dried shrimp samples compared with those obtained from ICP-OES were shown to be in good agreement (r = 0.998).

Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Determination of Levamisole and Triclabendazole in Tablets by Principal Component Regression and Partial Least Squares Chemometric Methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Pektas ◽  
Erdal Dinc ◽  
Dumitru Baleanu
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Chemometric Methods ◽  
Preliminary Separation ◽  
Absorbance Data ◽  
Good Agreement

Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) chemometric methods were applied to the simultaneous quantitative analysis of levamisole (LVM) and triclabendazole (TCB) in tablets without using a preliminary separation, even in presence of the overlapping spectra of the above compounds. For both PCR and PLS, a concentration set containing 25 different mixtures of LVM and TCB in the linear concentration range was symmetrically prepared and then the absorbance values of the concentration set were measured at the wavelength set with Dl=0.1 nm in the spectral region of 225-322.3 nm. PCR and PLS calibrations were obtained by applying the PCR and PLS algorithms to the concentration set data (y-block) and their corresponding absorbance data (x-block). The validity of PCR and PLS chemometric methods was performed by using the independent synthetic mixtures and the standard addition technique. Then, these analytical methods were applied to the commercial tablets and a good agreement was obtained between experimental results provided by the application of the PCR and PLS to the synthetic and real samples.

scholarly journals Application of bromate-bromide mixture as a green brominating agent for the spectrophotometric determination of atenolol in pharmaceuticals

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaraj Prashanth ◽  
Kanakapura Basavaiah ◽  
Sameer Abdulrahman ◽  
Nagaraju Rajendraprasad ◽  
Basavaiah Vinay
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Bromination Reaction ◽  
Excess Iodide ◽  
Good Agreement

Two highly sensitive spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the quantification of atenolol (ATN) in pure drug as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the bromination reaction of ATN with a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture in acid medium followed by the determination of unreacted bromine. The residual bromine is determined by its reaction with excess iodide and the liberated iodine (I3?) is either measured at 360 nm (method A) or reacted with starch followed by the measurement of the starch-iodine chromogen at 570 nm (method B). Under the optimum conditions, ATN could be assayed in the concentration ranges of 0.5-9.0 and 0.3-6.0?g mL-1 for method A and method B, respectively, with corresponding molar absorptivity values of 2.36?104 and 2.89?104 L/mol.cm. Sandell?s sensitivity values are found to be 0.0113 and 0.0092 ?g/cm2 for method A and method B, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of different commercial brands of pharmaceutical formulations and the results obtained by the proposed methods were in good agreement with those obtained using the reference method. The reliability of the methods was further ascertained by recovery studies using standard- addition method.

scholarly journals SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SOME PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS USING 2,2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYLHYDRAZYL

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham Salem
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Radical Coupling ◽  
Violet Color ◽  
Good Agreement

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric procedure for the assay of some drugs has been developed. The method is based on the reaction of the studied drugs with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The latter is employed to abstract a hydrogen atom from the drugs thereby promoting a process of radical coupling. This results in a reduction of the violet color of DPPH with the formation of the yellow colored 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH2). The decrease in the intensity of the violet color is used to measure the concentration of the drugs. All measurements are made at λ= 520 nm on methanolic solutions of the reagent and drugs. Beer's law is obeyed in the ranges of 5-30 µg/ml (for aceclofenac, diclofenac sodium and thiaprofenic acid), 2-15 µg/ml (for tenoxicam, furosemide and lansoprazole) and 2-12 µg/ml (for benoxinate hydrochloride and ritodrine). The validity of the method was tested by carrying out standard addition procedure analyzing the studied drugs in pure form as well as in their pharmaceutical preparations without interference from common additives. Results of the proposed methods are in good agreement with those of the official or reported methods.

scholarly journals Voltammetric Determination of Isopropylmethylphenols in Herbal Spices

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6095
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jakubczyk ◽  
Slawomir Michalkiewicz ◽  
Agata Skorupa ◽  
Daria Slefarska
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Voltammetric Determination ◽  
Pulse Voltammetry ◽  
Good Agreement

Thymol and carvacrol—the components of herbal spices—are known for their broad biological activity as antimicrobials and antioxidants. For this reason, it is important to develop new methods for their determination in plant material. A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for determination of total content of these analytes in herbal spices using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) has been developed. The basis of the research is the oxidation process of isopropylmethylphenols on a platinum microelectrode in glacial acetic acid containing acetonitrile (20%, v/v) and 0.1 mol L−1 sodium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte. Linear voltammetric responses for thymol and carvacrol were obtained in a wide concentration range from 0.39–1105 and 0.47–640 µg mL−1, with a low detection limit of 0.04 and 0.05 µg mL−1, respectively. The analysis was performed using the multiple standard addition method. The results of the voltammetric determination are in good agreement with the data of the standard chromatographic method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first presentation of an electrochemical procedure to determine these compounds in these environmental and electrode materials.

scholarly journals Smart Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Binary Mixtures Without Prior Separation

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad G El-Bardicy ◽  
Hayam M Lotfy ◽  
Mohammad A El-Sayed ◽  
Mohammad F El-Tarras
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Product ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Isosbestic Point ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

Abstract Ratio subtraction and isosbestic point methods are 2 innovating spectrophotometric methods used to determine vincamine in the presence of its acid degradation product and a mixture of cinnarizine (CN) and nicergoline (NIC). Linear correlations were obtained in the concentration range from 840 g/mL for vincamine (I), 622 g/mL for CN (II), and 636 g/mL for NIC (III), with mean accuracies 99.72 0.917 for I, 99.91 0.703 for II, and 99.58 0.847 and 99.83 1.039 for III. The ratio subtraction method was utilized for the analysis of laboratory-prepared mixtures containing different ratios of vincamine and its degradation product, and it was valid in the presence of up to 80 degradation product. CN and NIC in synthetic mixtures were analyzed by the 2 proposed methods with the total content of the mixture determined at their respective isosbestic points of 270.2 and 235.8 nm, and the content of CN was determined by the ratio subtraction method. The proposed method was validated and found to be suitable as a stability-indicating assay method for vincamine in pharmaceutical formulations. The standard addition technique was applied to validate the results and to ensure the specificity of the proposed methods.

Die Bestimmung des Nucleinsäuregehaltes pflanzlicher Viren mit Hilfe einer spektrophotometrischen Methode

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Virus Preparation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Measurement ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Rna Content ◽  
Good Agreement

The RNA content of plant viruses has been determined following the procedure of WARBURG and CHRISTIAN, after eliminating light scattering of the virus suspensions by calculation using Rayleigh’ s formula or by means of comparison with polystyrene latex suspensions of corresponding turbidity.The general validity of the methods has been proved by measurements on 9 plant viruses. It is shown that the RNA content found by this spectrophotometric method is in good agreement with that amount ascertained by chemical analysis. Based upon these results a mean curve has been drawn which gives the RNA content of a virus from spectrophotometric measurement. This curve also can be used for the determination of the purity of a virus preparation.A special formula is given for the quantitative spectrophotometric analysis of a mixture of two viruses differing in their RNA content.

scholarly journals Determination of Frequently Used Parabens in Shampoo and Conditioners using Validated HPLC Assay Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1651-1655
Author(s):  
S. Lavakumar ◽  
P.A. Vivekanand ◽  
A.A.M. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Level ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Indian Market

Parabens are esters of p-hydroxy benzoic acid and widely used as preservatives with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity in cosmetic, foods and pharmaceutical products. Methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl paraben are commonly used in many cosmetic products. The concentration level of these parabens was restricted to maximum 1%. Recently, many cosmetic products such as shampoo and hair conditioners are available in the Indian market with label claims "no-parabens in the products". A HPLC method is developed for determining four frequently used parabens namely, methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl paraben in shampoo and hair conditioners. The chromatographic separation was carried out on Phenomenex Kromasil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6mm i.d, 5 μm particle size) with water: methanol (60:40 v/v) as mobile phase and UV detection was performed at 254 nm. The method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The calibration curve was achieved to be linear and regression coefficient obtained was > 0.9999 for all the parabens. Accuracy of chromatographic method was evaluated by standard addition method; paraben content was estimated in eleven commercial shampoos and four hair conditioners available in Indian market which were claimed as no parabens were evaluated to assess the quality of claims of these samples. The results indicated that all the tested shampoos and hair conditioners met the requirements of the standards.

Indirect Spectrofluorometric Method for the Determination of Cefotaxime Sodium, Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride and Famotidine in Pharmaceuticals Using Bromate-Bromide and Acriflavine Dye

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 0066
Author(s):  
Saeed Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction System ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride ◽  
Subsequent Determination ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
The Common ◽  
Spectrofluorometric Method ◽  
Good Agreement

An Indirect simple sensitive and applicable spectrofluorometric method has been developed for the determination of Cefotaxime Sodium (CEF), ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride (CIP) and Famotidine (FAM) using reaction system bromate-bromide and acriflavine (AF) as fluorescent dye. The method is based on the oxidation of drugs with known excess bromate-bromide mixture in acidic medium and subsequent determination of unreacted oxidant by quenching fluorescence of AF. Fluorescence intensity of residual AF was measured at 528 nm after excitation at 402 nm. The fluorescence-concentration plots were rectilinear over the ranges 0.1-3.0, 0.05-2.6 and 0.1-3.8 µg ml-1 with lower detection limits of 0.013, 0.018 and 0.021 µg ml-1 and quantitation limits of 0.044, 0.060 and 0.069 µg ml-1 for CEF, CIP and FAM respectively. The common excipients and additives didn’t interfere in their determination. The developed method was successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in their dosage forms resulted in a good agreement with standard British pharmacopeia method and standard addition procedure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document