The Growth Charactersitics Study of Introduction Fast-Growing Poplar at the Initial Stage of Afforestation

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4270-4273
Author(s):  
Pei Yong Lian ◽  
Jin Ye Liu ◽  
Lian Kuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Factor Effect

We have carried out three consecutive years of tree growth survey, and studied on afforestation technology, compatibility and high-yielding measures, we conducted two-factor effect analysis of different varieties and different density on seedling height and ground diameter in the annual introduction of fast-growing poplar. The results showed that the influence of different varieties of seedling height and ground diameter was extremely significant, and the influence of different density of seedling height and ground diameter was not significant basically. Based on the above results, it can be preliminarily determined the most suitable fast-growing poplar and planting density for Inner Mongolia Daxinganling Forest Region.

The Introduction Seedling Experiment of Four Varieties of Poplar

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 964-967
Author(s):  
Lian Kuan Wang ◽  
Pei Yong Lian ◽  
Yun Jiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Calculated Average

We introduced the four varieties poplar to Inner Mongolia Daxing’anling Forest Region, and investigated the survival rate of seedlings, ground diameter and seedling height were measured, and calculated average ground diameter and seedling height. In different experiment areas, the results showed that, the growth influence of seedling height and ground diameter was not the same on different cutting densities. Based on the above results, it can be preliminarily determined the most suitable poplar and cutting density for this area.

Anatomical, Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Fast-Growing Populus × Euramericana cv. ‘74/76’

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Rongjun ◽  
Yao Chunli ◽  
Cheng Xianbao ◽  
Lu Jianxiong ◽  
Fei Benhua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Large Growth

The anatomical characteristics, chemical composition, and physical and mechanical properties of fast-growing Populus × euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ juvenile wood were investigated. Four- to five-year-old clonal plantation trees were harvested from two different experimental sites in the suburbs of Beijing. The Shunyi site had black alkali soil with a planting density of 4 × 6 m and the Miyun site had sandy loam soil with a planting density of 3 × 5 m. The test results showed that the poplar trees from the two sites were both fast growing, with poplar at Shunyi growing faster than at Miyun. There were no significant differences in wood properties between trees grown at the two sites. Fiber length at breast height varied from 872 to 1300 μm between growth rings, average fiber width varied from 21.0 to 25.5 μm and double wall thickness varied from 5.0 to 6.6 μm. Average cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose contents in the samples were 48.9%, 25.4%, and 18.8%, respectively. MFA was higher in the first two growth rings (20–25°), and then decreased rapidly to 12° close to the bark. The average air-dry density at breast height was 401 kg/m3 while the average MOE at breast height was 9.3 GPa. The trees showed large growth rates in both height and stem diameter during the growing season. However, wood properties of the juvenile poplar appeared to be similar to those of poplars with a slower growth rate.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Irrigation Rates on Growth and Root Development of Young Citrus Trees in High-Density Planting

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Said A. Hamido ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Citrus Tree ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Root Lifespan ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Citrus Trees

Citrus yields have declined by almost 56% since Huanglongbing (HLB) was first found in Florida (2005). That reduction forced citrus growers to replant trees at much higher densities to counter-balance tree loss. The current project aims to determine how much water is required to grow citrus trees at higher planting densities without reducing their productivity. The study was initiated in November 2017 on eight-month-old sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees grafted on the ‘US-897′ (Cleopatra mandarin × Flying Dragon trifoliate orange) citrus rootstock planted in the University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC) demonstration grove, in Immokalee, FL (lat. 26.42° N, long. 81.42° W). The soil in the grove is Immokalee fine sand (Sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Alaquods). The demonstration grove included three densities on two rows of beds (447, 598, and 745 trees per ha) replicated four times each and three densities of three rows of beds (512, 717, 897 trees per ha) replicated six times. Each density treatment was irrigated at one of two irrigation rates (62% or 100%) during the first 15 months (2017–2019) then adjusted (2019–2020) to represent 26.5, 40.5, 53, and 81% based on recommended young citrus trees evapotranspiration (ETc). Tree growth measurements including trunk diameter, height, canopy volume, leaf area, and root development were evaluated. During the first year, reducing the irrigation rate from 100% to 62% ETc did not significantly reduce the young citrus tree growth. Conversely, the lower irrigation rate (62% ETc) had increased citrus tree’s leaf area, canopy volume and tree heights, root lifespan, and root length by 4, 9, 1, 2, and 24% compared with the higher irrigation rate (100%), respectively. Furthermore, the root lifespan was promoted by increasing planting density. For instance, the average root lifespan increased by 12% when planting density increased from 447 to 897 trees per ha, indicating that planting young trees much closer to each other enhanced the root’s longevity. However, when treatments were adjusted from April 2019 through June 2020, results changed. Increasing the irrigation rate from 26.5% to 81% ETc significantly enhanced the young citrus tree growth by increasing citrus tree’s canopy volume (four fold), tree heights (29%), root lifespan (86%), and root length (two fold), respectively. Thus, the application of 81% ETc irrigation rate in commercial citrus groves is more efficient for trees from two to four years of age.

Border Language

Inner Asia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-138
Author(s):  
Sayana Namsaraeva
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Border Area ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Initial Stage

The conceptual framework of this paper is to view Mongolia as a ‘contact zone’ which geographically bridged the gap between two rapidly growing Eurasian empires—Russia and China. It allows a rethinking of the historical and social circumstances that led to the formation of Chinese Pidgin Russian (cpr)1 by highlighting the lexical and grammatical influence of the Mongolian language on contact languages in the China–Russia border area. In particular, it discusses Mongolian language in various encounters in Russian–Chinese interactions, such as the use of Mongolian as mediation language during the initial stage of Qing–Russian diplomatic relations and aslingua francain caravan trade and border relations between Russia and China, as well as its influence on the formation of Transbaikal dialect (orZabaikal’skoe narechie), which was widely spoken by Russians in Mongol-speaking colonial frontiers of Russia in Eastern Siberia. Moreover, the paper highlights the Mongolian elements in the firstcpr, questioning a common scholarly perception that Kiakhta (or Maimacheng)2 pidgin consisted primarily of Russian and Chinese borrowings. Therefore, unique language hybridisation of these three languages continues to be noticeable in Russia–China trade hubs in Inner Mongolia nowadays, where transborder ethnic and economic contacts between Russia, China and Mongolia are becoming more complicated and diverse.

Vegetation development on skid trails and burned sites in southeastern British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Oswald ◽  
B. N. Brown
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Invading Species ◽  
Study Sites

Vegetation development, including both planted and natural tree seedlings, was examined over a 5-year period on an area in the ESSFmw subzone of the Nelson Forest Region which was clearcut, skid logged, burned, and planted with 2 + 0, 313, Engelmann spruce. Study sites included the cutbank, mid-trail, and sidecast portions of the skid trails and the intervening prescribed burned area. Fireweed was the most prominent invading species, and affected tree growth, particularly on the sidecast, by shading and crowding the trees. Black huckleberry, regenerating from root stalks, was common on the burned sites, but had marginal influence on Engelmann spruce development over 5 years. The best tree growth occurred on the burned sites, followed by the sidecast, mid-trail, and cutbank sites. Consideration should be given to omitting the cutbank planting site and moving the mid-trail planting site inward on slopes of 30% or more. Key words: Engelmann spruce, ESSFmw biogeoclimatic subzone, slash burn, vegetation succession, fireweed

scholarly journals Wood density and wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing and tree growth in black spruce (Picea mariana)

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Yin Zhang ◽  
Haiqing Ren ◽  
Zehui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Longitudinal Shrinkage ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
Transverse Shrinkage

AbstractThis study has quantified basic wood density and various types of wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing (or initial planting density) and tree growth based on a 48-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana) spacing trial in eastern Canada. A total of 139 sample trees were collected from four initial spacings (3086, 2500, 2066, 1372 trees/ha) for this study. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) show that initial spacing is the most important parameter affecting wood density significantly, followed by tree diameter at breast height (DBH) class. With increasing spacing, wood density, radial and volumetric shrinkage tend to decrease, whereas longitudinal shrinkage tends to increase gradually. The largest spacing has the lowest wood density, the smallest transverse shrinkage and the largest longitudinal shrinkage. Path analysis indicates that wood density is the most important parameter affecting transverse shrinkage, followed by the distance from the pith. Furthermore, much of the variation of the transverse shrinkage with wood density may be due to the initial spacing and tree DBH class. Path analysis also reveals that longitudinal shrinkage is mainly related to log height and tree DBH class. With increasing log height, longitudinal shrinkage tends to increase, and transverse shrinkage tends to decrease. With increasing DBH class, the trees tend to have an increasing longitudinal shrinkage and a decreasing transverse shrinkage. Overall, this study suggests that a large increase in the initial spacing (e.g., 1372 trees/ha) might lead to a significant reduction in both wood density and transverse shrinkage, and a significant increase in longitudinal shrinkage in black spruce.

scholarly journals Effect of Container Size at Time of Planting on Tree Growth Rates for Baldcypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich], Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.), and Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Belinda Lambert ◽  
Steven Harper ◽  
Stephen Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Taxodium Distichum ◽  
Wetland Mitigation ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Red Maple

The ecosystem restoration and wetland mitigation industries are challenged with recreating vegetative communities at an accelerated rate, while at the same time remaining cost effective. These created systems are typically bound by permit conditions to meet certain tree growth criteria in a specified time frame, commonly five years. Stock sizes of container grown trees are generally #1, #3, or #7 (gallons). The purpose of this study was to determine the relative cost effectiveness of these planting sizes for three commonly used species and to assess whether they achieve common success criteria for height, percent survival, and percent cover. These three species are baldcypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich], red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Based on the standard planting density of 174 trees/hectare, the most cost-effective size was #3 in all cases. All three sizes of baldcypress and red maple met the 3.7 m height criterion; no size of longleaf pine met the criterion. All sizes of all species failed to meet both the 85% survival standard and a theoretical minimum 50% cover calculated from canopy diameter measurements. If planting densities are increased to meet cover requirements and to offset mortality, container size #1 may be more favorable for baldcypress and red maple, but not for longleaf pine. The study was conducted in Pinellas County, Florida, U.S.

Planting density and tree-size relations in coast Douglas-fir

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Scott ◽  
Rodney Meade ◽  
Richard Leon ◽  
David Hyink ◽  
Richard Miller
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Initial Spacing

Test plantations were established in western Washington and Oregon to compare tree growth at six initial planting densities ranging from 300 to 2960 trees/ha (120 to 1200/acre). A size-density relation was visually apparent 3 to 4 years after planting. Inventory data from the oldest 11 trials (5 or 6 years after planting) showed that initial spacing strongly influenced early growth of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii). Average height and diameter at breast height were progressively larger as planting density increased; at the widest spacing (lowest stand density), average height was 75% and average diameter at breast height was 67% of that at the closest spacing. We have no firm explanation for the early faster tree growth at close spacings. Trees planted at 2960 trees/ha (1200 trees/acre) attained breast height (1.3 m) 2 years earlier than trees planted at a density of 300/ha (120/acre). This finding has practical significance to current efforts to achieve early establishment of plantations.

scholarly journals A Case Study of the Stratospheric and Mesospheric Concentric Gravity Waves Excited by Thunderstorm in Northern China

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wen ◽  
Qilin Zhang ◽  
Haiyang Gao ◽  
Jiyao Xu ◽  
Qinzeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Temperature Perturbation ◽  
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽  
Stratospheric Temperature ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ◽  
Complete Process

In this paper, the complete process in which a concentric gravity wave (CGW), excited by a tropospheric thunderstorm, propagated into the stratosphere and mesosphere in Northern China is investigated. A strong thunderstorm developed in the middle of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region on the night of 10th August 2013. The stratospheric temperature perturbation, caused by the CGW, was observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) at 02:11 LT 11th August 2013. An all-sky OH imager at the Shuozhou station (39.8° N, 112.1° E), supported by the Meridian Space Weather Monitoring Project, measured the mesospheric CGW between 22:00 LT to 23:00 LT on the night. It was certified that both the stratospheric and mesospheric CGWs were triggered by the aforementioned thunderstorm, and the excitation source was calculated to be located at (40.59° N, 108.67° E) by employing the dispersion relation. The CGWs were excited in the initial stage of the thunderstorm. The temperature and wind field data obtained by SABER and meteoric radar, respectively, were used to evaluate the background properties of the respective propagation regions. The result shows that an obvious thermal duct structure, with a positive squared vertical wavenumber (m2) existed around the OH layer.

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