Effects on Tensile and Morphology Properties of Casuarina equisetifolia Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Borhan Nurulaini ◽  
Romli A.Z. ◽  
Mohd Hanafiah Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
Composite Samples

New knowledge in findings potential usage of natural fiber as new material in composite technology has been increased gradually in years and these natural fiber materials are well known as competent material which can become an alternative material to the conventional and synthetic materials for suitable applications. In this research, Casuarina equisetifolia leaf was used as bio-based fiber and unsaturated polyester composite as the matrix due to its natural surface roughness without any chemical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various weight loadings of Casuarina equisetifolia in unsaturated polyester composites on the tensile test and morphological studies. The composite samples were fabricated by using press machine with mould dimension of (15x15x0.3) cm. From the tensile test results, tensile strength of the composite samples decreases with the increment of Casuarina equisetifolia by weight loadings. The surface morphology of the fractures composite samples was then analyzed using the microscopy technique (SEM) and found the evidence of fractured fiber breakage and voids content of the samples. Base on the result obtained, the tensile strength at 30% up to 50% weight loading of Casuarina equisetifolia has the potential to be used in non-structural applications.

Tensile and Flexural Properties of Casuarina equisetifolia Unsaturated Polyester Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borhan Nurulaini ◽  
Ahmad Zafir Romli ◽  
Mohd Hanafiah Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Flexural Testing ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Weight Loading

This study is to determine the effects of tensile and flexural testing on the C.equisetifolia composite at different loading from 10 % to 50 % weight loading (wt%). The results for all composite samples on tensile strength and tensile modulus decreasing as the weight loadings of C.equisetifolia increases. However, the result from tensile modulus was not significant when the C.equisetifolia weight loadings increase in the composite. In addition, the result obtained from flexural modulus and strength at 20 % of C.equisetifolia weight loading, increased to 3.147GPa and 3.25 MPa respectively, while when C.equisetifolia weight loadings increase the results showed a decrease.

Tensile Property of the Flax/Polyester Composites after Water Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 1740-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Hong Wang ◽  
Gu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tensile Property ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
Scanning Electron

Flax fabric was woven and composites were produced by using the VARI technique with flax fabric as the reinforcement and unsaturated polyester as the matrix. Laminates with two, three and four layers were fabricated respectively. After saturated in the water for different durations of time (7, 14, 21 and 30 days), the tensile strength of the composites was tested. After being soaked in the water for 7, 14 and 21 days, the tensile strength of the two-layer composites was decreased. For the three and four layers specimens, the tensile strength was increased initially with water treatment for 7 and 14 days,and decreased for 21 and 30 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that it might be contributed to the thickness of the two-layer composites. The thinner specimen is easier to be damaged by the penetrated moisture owing to the delamination between the fiber and the matrix after water immersion. For the three and four layers specimens, their contradictory tensile strength suggests that the thicker specimen can delay the moisture permeation and is of better water durability.

Tensile Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Januar Parlaungan Siregar ◽  
Tezara Cionita ◽  
Dandi Bachtiar ◽  
Mohd Ruzaimi Mat Rejab
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Polyester Composites

In recent years natural fibres such as sisal, jute, kenaf, pineapple leaf and banana fibres appear to be the outstanding materials which come as the viable and abundant substitute for the expensive and non-renewable synthethic fibre. This paper investigate the effect of fibre length and fibre content on the tensile properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) composites. PALF as reinforcement agent will be employed with UP to form composite material specimens. The various of fiber length (<0.5, 0.5–1, and 1-2 mm) and fibre content (0, 5, 10 and 15 % by volume) in UP composite have been studied. The fabrication of PALF/UP composites used hand lay-up process, and the specimens for tensile test prepared follow the ASTM D3039. The result obtained from this study show that the 1-2 mm fibre length has higher tensile strength (42 MPa) and tensile modulus (1344 MPa) values compared to fibre length of <0.5 mm (30 MPa and 981 MPa) and 0.5-1 mm (35.40 MPa and 1020 MPa) respectively. Meanwhile, for the effect of various fibre content in study has shown that the increase of fibre content has decreased in tensile strength dan tensile modulus of composites. The increase of fibre content due to poor interfacial bonding and poor wetting of the fibre by unsaturated polyster. The treatment of natural fibre are suggested in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between natural fibre and the unsaturated polyester.

Minimizing Property Variation in Natural Fiber Reinforcements for Green Composite Materials Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 894 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Leslie Joy L. Diaz ◽  
Stella Marie Hagad ◽  
Peter June M. Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Large Deviation ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Critical Length ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Property Variation

Properties of composite materials are often predicted from properties of its component materials. In the case of green composites that are typically filled with natural fibers however, a large deviation from predictions is observed due to the large property variation in natural fibers. In this study, techniques have been developed to minimize the effect of the said variations, which included the determination of a fiber useful length and critical length, and the utilization of controlled chemical treatment to remove unwanted fiber components that interfere in fiber-matrix interfacial bonding. The abaca fiber was determined to have a diameter of 190 + 2 mm in about two-thirds of the fiber length in the middle section. A large variation in fiber diameter was observed at the root and tip sections such that the diameter could be as high as 200 mm at the root while the tip tapers to 110 to 165 mm. The useful length with constant diameter was determined to be about 2000 mm at the middle section. The critical length of this useful length was found to be 3.15 mm. The tensile strength was also determined to have an average of 970 MPa when measured at 15 mm gauge lengths but is found to decrease up to 796 MPa with increasing gauge lengths up to 35 mm. This superior tensile strength of abaca is also associated to the 2-3o microfibril misorientation from the axis of the fiber. Use of the fibers in composite as continuous and unidirectional filler at 5% loading to unsaturated polyester (tensile strength of 40 MPa) resulted to a tensile strength of 48 MPa. The tensile strength increased to 71 MPa when chemically treated continuous fiber was employed. Alkali treatment at relatively high temperature improved the surface morphology of the fiber, with waxes and lignin removed from the surface and activating the surface with hydroxyl functional groups, that essentially improved the wettability of the polymer to the fiber, and densified the fiber with the closure of its lumens.

scholarly journals Mechanical, Curing Parameters and Water Absorption of Hybrid Date Palm Leaf-Orange Peel Fibers Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Hamza Chelali ◽  
Ahmed Meghezzi ◽  
Abir Berkouk ◽  
Mohamed Toufik Soltani ◽  
George Winning
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Palm Leaf

In this study, polymer-hybrid natural fibers composites were prepared using unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) as the matrix and a filler using date palm leaf fiber (DPLF) and orange peel fiber (OPF). The effect of DPLF and OPF on mechanical behavior (tensile strength and elongation at break), moisture absorption, UPR gel time (tgel) and peak exothermic temperature (Tpeak) were determined. The composites of UPR reinforced with DPLF and OPF were processed by hand lay-up technique. The UPR weight fraction was maintained at 90%, and DPLF/OPF proportions varied so that the percentage of natural fiber was 10 wt%. Seven (07) composites were prepared (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7) with different DPLF:OPF ratios (0:0, 1:0, 0.75:0.25, 0.5:0.5, 0.33:0.67, 0.25:0.75, 0:1) respectively in order to screen the possible interactions. DPLF were surface modified using 6% Alkali treatment, OPF were used without surface modification. Unlike DPLF, OPF showed considerable increase of UPR tgel and Tpeak which act as natural inhibitor. Tensile strength and fracture strength were also impacted negatively and positively depending on the different fiber proportions. Absorption tests showed a decrease in the composites hydrophobicity which increases significantly with higher DPLF proportions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Alkali Treatment And Microcrystalline Cellulose Addition on Density Value of Cantala Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ghozali ◽  
Dody Ariawan ◽  
Eko Surojo
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Polyester Composites

<p>Natural fiber reinforced composites is one materials potentially developing in Indonesia. One of biggest problem with composites specimen is its void. One properties to find out void of composites is composites density value. The objective of research is to investigate the effect of fiber alkali (NaOH) treatment and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) addition on density value of cantala fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Firstly, cantala fibers was submerged into alkali (NaOH) 6% solution for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours. Furthermore, the fiber was washed using acetid acid and then using clean water to reach pH 7. Thereafter, cantala fiber was dried in the oven for 10 hours at temperature 60<sup>0</sup>C. Composites was composed of cantala fiber, unsaturated polyester polymer matrix, and microcrystalline cellulose according to the composition with volume fraction 30%. Composites was casted using compression molding method with compressive strength of 10 MPa for 12 hours. All specimens of composites undertake post cure for 2 hours at 60<sup>0</sup>C. Density test was conducted using densimeter by calculating the density of composites in the air and the water. The result of research showed that the longer the alkali treatment time and the more addition of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) filler, the higher is the composites density. The higher density value of cantala fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester is alkali treatment 6 hours, which was 1.223 gr/cm<sup>3</sup>.</p>

scholarly journals The Influence of MMA Esterification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Kenaf Bast/Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2276
Author(s):  
Rozyanty Rahman ◽  
Syed Zhafer Firdaus Syed Putra ◽  
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim ◽  
Irwana Nainggolan ◽  
Bartłomiej Jeż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Kenaf Bast

The demand for natural fiber hybrid composites for various applications has increased, which is leading to more research being conducted on natural fiber hybrid composites due to their promising mechanical properties. However, the incompatibility of natural fiber with polymer matrix limits the performance of the natural fiber hybrid composite. In this research work, the mechanical properties and fiber-to-matrix interfacial adhesion were investigated. The efficiency of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-esterification treatments on composites’ final product performance was determined. The composite was prepared using the hand lay-up method with varying kenaf bast fiber (KBF) contents of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 (weight%) and hybridized with glass fiber (GF) at 5 and 10 (weight%). Unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) were used as binders and catalysts, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine the effects of MMA-esterification treatment on tensile strength and morphology (tensile fracture and characterization of MMA-esterification treatment) of the composite fabricated. The tensile strength of MMA-treated reinforced UPE and hybrid composites are higher than that of untreated composites. As for MMA treatment, 90 min of treatment showed the highest weight percent gain (WPG) and tensile strength of KBF-reinforced UPE composites. It can be concluded that the esterification of MMA on the KBF can lead to better mechanical properties and adhesion between the KFB and the UPE matrix. This research provides a clear reference for developing hybrid natural fibers, thus contributing to the current field of knowledge related to GF composites, specifically in transportation diligences due to their properties of being lightweight, superior, and involving low production cost.

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