Preparation and Characterization of Nature Rubber/Attapulgite Composites

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1763-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hu Wang ◽  
Da Jun Chen ◽  
Hui Ling Min ◽  
Zhong Feng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic ◽  
Blending Process

In this paper, attapulgite(AT)/nature rubber (NR) composites have been prepared through melt blending process. First, different types of attapulgite were prepared.Secend,Fourier infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) was used to analyze attapulgite.Then,different types of attapulgite were filled into natural rubber according to different proportion.Finally, The mechanisms of composites were analyzed. The results showed that siliane coupling agent Si-69 can improve the dispersion of calcined attapulgite and enhance the chemical interfacial adhesion.

Synthesis of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)-Caprolactam-Sericin Nanoparticles and their Reinforcing Effect on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ru Zhao ◽  
Xiao Hui Tian ◽  
Jin Yu Sun ◽  
Kun Tao Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
The Difference

Two core-shell structure poly methyl methacrylate-caprolactam (PMMA-CPL) and poly methyl methacrylate-caprolactam-sericin (PMMA-CPL-SS) nanoparticles were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. A latex blending process was performed on preparation of natural rubber (NR) blends, NR/PMMA-CPL and NR/PMMA-CPL-SS. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that PMMA-CPL and PMMA-CPL-SS nanoparticles covering on the surface of NR particles homogeneously. SEM, AFM, ATR-FTIR and DSC were used to compare the difference between NR/PMMA-CPL-SS and NR/PMMA-CPL. The results showed that addition of SS improved the smoothness and reduced the amount of incompatible particles on the surface of NR/PMMA-CPL-SS film. Due to the introduction of CPL and SS, the number of escaping particles on the surface of NR was decreased during film forming process and the Tg of NR shifted to a higher temperature. The results indicated that the interfacial adhesion and compatibility of PMMA and NR were improved. Mechanical testing showed that PMMA-CPL nanoparticles could improve the mechanical property of NR. When the content of PMMA-CPL-SS was 10%, the tensile strength of NR/PMMA-CPL-SS film was increased by 19.6% compared to NR/PMMA-CPL. Moreover, the NR/PMMA-CPL-SS film exhibited a higher hydrophilic property after modification with PMMA-CPL-SS nanoparticles.

Effect of Modified Natural Rubber on Properties of Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Based on Co-Polyamide Blends

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boripat Sripornsawat ◽  
Charoen Nakason ◽  
Azizon Kaesaman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Oil Resistance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rubber Phase ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber ◽  
Good Set

Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) based on natural rubber (NR)/co-polyamine (COPA) blends with different types of NR (i.e., unmodified NR, MNR, ENR-30 and ENR-50) were prepared using simple blend technique. Mechanical, elastic, oil resistant and morphological properties were investigated. The main objective was to prepare TPEs based on NR with good set property and oil resistance. It was found that the blends with modified NRs exhibited higher moduli, tensile strength, oil resistance and elastic properties than the blend with NR. This is due to higher interaction between functional groups of modified NRs (i.e., ENR and MNR) and COPA. Furthermore, the blends using modified NRs showed finer grain morphology than the blend with NR. This may be caused by higher interfacial adhesion between rubber phase and COPA matrix.

Crystallization Behavior as a Tool for Assessing the Degree of Dispersion of Elastomer Blends

1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ghijsels
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Heat Of Fusion ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Isoprene Rubber

Abstract The present study has demonstrated the suitability of the DSC technique for studying the blending characteristics of unvulcanized unloaded BR-SBR blends. It has been shown that, especially during the initial stages of the blending process, BR-SBR blends can be conveniently characterized in terms of the index M, which can be derived from composition (heat of fusion) measurements on a number of spot samples taken at random from the blend. During the later stages of the blending process, moreover, additional information about the degree of blending can be obtained from the degree of interference of SBR with the crystallization of BR. Furthermore, it has been found that the BR-SBR systems investigated follow an exponential rate law of blending during the early stages of blending, which allows blending processes to be described quantitatively by a single parameter, the rate constant. The approach adopted appears to be useful for a suitable characterization of BR-SBR blends in terms of the degree of blending and also for assessing the influence of blending conditions and the performance of blending equipment. An additional advantage of this method is that it can easily be extended to the characterization of unvulcanized (probably also vulcanized) black-loaded compounds which are difficult to examine by other methods. Finally, it should be noted that this approach is not necessarily restricted to BR-SBR blend systems, but can also be applied to other elastomer systems, (e.g. butadiene rubber and natural rubber, natural rubber and isoprene rubber), blends of thermoplastic materials (e.g. polyethylene and polystyrene), or blends of elastomers and thermoplastics. The only limitation, however, is that one of the components of the blend must be able to crystallize under conditions where the other component, is not.

Microwave Absorbing Properties of Nickel-Zinc Ferrite/Multiwalled Nanotube Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lih Jiun Yu ◽  
Ahmad Haji Sahrim ◽  
Ing Kong ◽  
A.Taraweh Mouad
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Reflection Loss ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Microwave Absorbing Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Microwave Absorbing ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber

Pre-mixed NiZn ferrite/MWNT, according to the weight ratio 1:1, were incorporated into the thermoplastic natural rubber nanocomposite by melt blending process. The effect of different filler loadings (2-10 wt%) on reflection loss and shielding effectiveness of the obtained composites were studied. It was found that both reflection loss (RL) and shielding effectiveness (SE) depend on the filler content. The effect of fillers mixing ratio were investigated too. Results showed samples with higher MWNT content exhibits better shielding effectiveness, while samples with higher NiZn ferrite achieved better reflection loss. The microwave absorbing properties of these samples can be adjusted according to desired application.

Effect of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Poly(actic acid) on Properties of Sawdust/Poly(lactic acid) Composites Toughened with Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiraporn Nomai ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Sawdust/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites toughened with poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were prepared using a melt blending process. Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the composites were investigated. With the addition of PBAT into the sawdust/PLA composite, elongation at break and impact strength increased whereas tensile strength and tensile modulus decreased. In addition, thermal stability of the PLA composite improved with the presence of PBAT. Maleic anhydride grafted poly (lactic acid) (PLA-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of sawdust/PLA/PBAT composites. The compatibilized composites showed higher mechanical properties and thermal decomposition temperatures than that of the uncompatibilized composite due to improved interfacial adhesion between constituents of the composites. The optimum content of PLA-g-MA for sawdust/PLA/PBAT composites was 5 wt%. SEM micrographs revealed some features of ductile fracture in the composites toughened with PBAT and confirmed that PLA-g-MA improved the compatibility of the composites.

Effect of Blend Compositions on Mechanical Properties of Irradiated Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)/Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) Nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Azrini Ramlee ◽  
Siti Syuhadah Mohammad Hanapiah ◽  
Fatin Nabilah Suhaimi ◽  
Chantara Thevy Ratnam ◽  
Sivanesan Appadu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Scanning Microscope

In this study, effect of blend compositions of irradiated polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) blends was carried out. In previous work, it was reported that the mechanical properties of 50/50 composition irradiated blend had performed the highest strength with addition of 6 wt% of titanium dioxide (TiO2). However, the combination of PVC/ENR in a certain ratio might results in optimal mechanical properties and other specific properties for the new blends formed. Thus, addition of 6 wt% TiO2 and varies compositional range of PVC/ENR ranging from 30, 50 and 70 wt% were prepared by melt-blending technique and the effects on the mechanical properties were investigated. The blends were exposed to 0-150 kGy of electron beam irradiation before being characterized. With addition of 6 wt% TiO2, the characterization of mechanical properties including tensile strength, impact and hardness shows increment in values for all compositions. The increments of tensile strength were fall within 6-18% and as expected 70/30 PVC/ENR blends have shown the highest value. Based on the result, it revealed tensile and impact strengths achieved the optimum value at 100 kGy, while hardness increased as the radiation dose increased. From scanning microscope electron (SEM), micrographs have illustrated the blends with addition of 6 wt% TiO2 are smooth, continuous phase and less void appearance were seen. At higher dose rate, fracture paths were found to be continuous and penetrate deep into the material and this indicates that the failure is essentially brittle and it supports the above findings.

Electron microscopic characterization of diamond thin films and substrates for diamond heteroepitaxial growth

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
J.B. Posthill ◽  
R.P. Burns ◽  
R.A. Rudder ◽  
Y.H. Lee ◽  
R.J. Markunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Wide Band Gap ◽  
Lattice Matching ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Diamond Thin Films

Because of diamond’s wide band gap, high thermal conductivity, high breakdown voltage and high radiation resistance, there is a growing interest in developing diamond-based devices for several new and demanding electronic applications. In developing this technology, there are several new challenges to be overcome. Much of our effort has been directed at developing a diamond deposition process that will permit controlled, epitaxial growth. Also, because of cost and size considerations, it is mandatory that a non-native substrate be developed for heteroepitaxial nucleation and growth of diamond thin films. To this end, we are currently investigating the use of Ni single crystals on which different types of epitaxial metals are grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for lattice matching to diamond as well as surface chemistry modification. This contribution reports briefly on our microscopic observations that are integral to these endeavors.

Characterization of Different Types of Biomass Wastes Using Thermogravimetric and ICP-MS Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4594-4600
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this study was to characterize some types of biomass wastes resulted from different activities such as: agriculture, forestry and food industry using thermogravimetric and ICP-MS analyses. Also, it was optimized an ICP-MS method for the determination of As, Cd and Pb from biomass ash samples. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that the highest concentration of metals (As, Cd, Pb) was recorded in the wood waste ash sample, also the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest amount of ash was obtained for the same sample (26.82%). The biomass wastes mentioned in this study are alternative recyclable materials, reusable as pellets and briquettes. Keywords: ash, biomass, ICP-MS, minor elements, TG

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