Synthesis and Characterization of a Flame Retardant Dimethyl Methyl Phosphonate (DMMP) and its Application in FRP

2013 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Zhu Wang ◽  
Shan Jun Gao ◽  
Xu Xin Che ◽  
Chun Hui Shen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

Dimethyl Methyl Phosphonate (DMMP) was synthesized via the MichaelisArbuzov rearrangement in the normal pressure and N2atmosphere using a novel and can be used repeatedly catalyst. The preparation conditions of DMMP, such as the reaction time, reaction temperature and catalyst dosage were investigated. The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) , and TG-DSC(Thermogravimetric-Dynamic stability control system) results show that the obtained product is DMMP. When the reaction temperature is higher than 180°C, catalyst dosage is 12 wt%, and the reaction time is about 13 h, the highest yield (78 wt%) of DMMP can be obtained. Then DMMP was added to a FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) matrix. The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the DMMP/ FRP were tested for Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), breaking elongation, impact toughness, tensile, and flexural strengths. A significant improvement of flame retardancy of the system was observed (increase of LOI up to 30.4) with an addition of 10 wt% DMMP to FRP. But when the DMMP content in the DMMP/ FRP composites is more than 10 wt%, the comprehensive mechanical properties of FRP will appear to decline and the LOI value has not changed, so we conclude that DMMP content in the DMMP/ FRP composites is 10wt%.

Characterization and Application Process Optimization of CuO/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst in CWAO Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 338-341
Author(s):  
Yu Xiu Zhang ◽  
Cheng Zhi Wang ◽  
Yong Li Zhang ◽  
Zhang Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Carrier Distribution ◽  
Influent Water ◽  
Catalyst Dosage ◽  
Stirring Intensity

CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was used to deal with the waste leachate in CWAO technology of, and the SEM and TEM characterization showed: active component in the surface of the carrier distribution is uniform; In CWAO process, six factors, based on the CODCr removal rate and turbidity removal rate, the biggest impact factor is reaction temperature, and the influence factors of the top three were reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and reaction time. The influence factors of those in the bottom three are influent water pH, oxygen partial pressure, stirring intensity, and three factors of influence on the strength is close. Optimizing operation process, in order: reaction temperature of 200 °C, catalyst dosage of 1.5 g, oxygen partial pressure of 2.0 MPa, stirring intensity 800 rpm, influent water pH of 7.0, the reaction time of 70 min.

scholarly journals Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant Masterbatch Prepared Through Different Processes and Its Application in EPDM/PP Thermoplastic Elastomer: Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy, and Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidi He ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Xiaolang Chen ◽  
Jianbing Guo ◽  
Dengfeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

In this work, the ethylene-propylene-diene monomer/polypropylene (EPDM/PP) thermoplastic elastomer filled with intumescent flame retardants (IFR) is fabricated by melting blend. The IFR are constituted with melamine phosphate-pentaerythritol (MP/PER) by compounding and reactive extruding, respectively. The effects of two kinds of MP/PER with different contents on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of materials are investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimeter test (CCT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR results show that the reactive extruded MP/PER partly generates melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) compared with compound masterbatches. TGA data indicate that the best thermal stability is achieved when the molar ratio of MP/PER reaches 1.8. All the reactive samples show a higher flame retardancy than compound ones. The CCT results also exhibit the same trend as above in heat release and smoke production rate. The EPDM/PP composites filled with 30 and 35% reactive MP/PER exhibit the improved flame retardancy but become stiffer and more brittle. SEM photos display that better dispersion and smaller particle size are obtained for reactive samples.

Preparation and Properties of YAG Powder and Porous Ceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 1058 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Wen Bo Zhao ◽  
Xin Liang ◽  
Fa Mei Hu ◽  
Liang Liang You ◽  
Bo Feng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum ◽  
Properties Of Materials

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) with a chemical composition of Y3Al5O12 is an important advanced structural and functional material.The preparation conditions were a pH of 9, a titration rate of 10ml/minute and a reaction time of 60 minutes. The analysis shows that the YAG precursor does not have an obvious characteristic crystalline diffraction peak, the characteristic diffraction peak of YAG was found after the calcination of the YAG precursor at 1100¡æ for 1 hour, the characteristic diffraction peak of YAG is strong, which indicates that the YAG crystalline phase is integrated and pure. The pore microstructure of porous YAG ceramics marked differed with an increase in the sintering temperature, the compressure strength of porous YAG ceramics is increased with an increase in the sintering temperature, the compressure strength shows the opposite rule with the prosity, which indicaties the mechanical properties of materials are effacted with the densification effect of materials.

Study of the preparation and properties of CeO2single/multiwall hollow microspheres

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1472-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjin Zhang ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Qixiu Hu ◽  
Zhiyong Fang ◽  
Kaidong Han
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Hollow Microspheres ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Absorption Edges

Novel slight yellow CeO2single/multiwall hollow microspheres were synthesized by the hydrothermal method without any surfactant and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The results showed that the products were CeO2single/multiwall hollow microspheres, the shells of which were composed of CeO2nanoparticles with a mean size of 70 nm. The effect of the preparation conditions, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, and the molar ratios of urea to Ce(NO3)3·6H2O on the morphology of the products, was investigated. The optimal preparation conditions are determined as follows: the reaction temperature of 230 °C, the reaction time of 6 to 10 h, and the molar ratios of urea to Ce(NO3)3·6H2O of 3:1 to 6:1. The formation mechanism of CeO2single/multiwall hollow microspheres was proposed. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) diffuse reflectance spectra of the samples were measured. The results showed that the absorption edges of the samples were red-shifted compared with that of bulk CeO2, and that the red-shift of the absorption edges and the yellow of the samples enhanced with increasing the yield of CeO2single/multiwall hollow microspheres. The catalytic activity and the recycling performance of the sample on CO oxidation were tested and theT100%(the temperature at which CO 100% conversion) was 230 °C in the first run and decreased by 270 and 205 °C compared with that of bulk CeO2and CeO2nanocrystal, respectively.

Research of Catalytic Oxidation Synthesis of Cyclopentene to Glutaraldehyde

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 1149-1152
Author(s):  
Qi Dong Yan ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Butanol ◽  
Catalyst Dosage ◽  
Main Influence ◽  
Oxidation Synthesis

The paper has studied the process of using H2O2 as oxidant and tungsten acid as catalyst, catalytic oxidation synthesis process of cyclopentene to glutaraldehyde and explored the main influence factors of the reaction, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and solvent. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of the product was characterized by gas chromatography. The optimum synthetic condition was as follows: tertiary butanol as solvent, tungsten acid: boron anhydride(mass ratio)=1:1, 30%H2O2 as oxidant, the reaction temperature 35°C, the reaction time 4h, the yield of glutaraldehyde yield was 46%.

Effect of Microwave with Ultrasonic on the Morphology and Particle Size of (Y,Eu)2 O3 Precursor

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3981-3984
Author(s):  
Qing Yun Zeng ◽  
Qing Qing Chang ◽  
Xin Yu Ye
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ageing Time ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
The One ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Ideal

The (Y,Eu)2O3 precursor prepared by microwave with ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation is superior to the one prepared by co-precipitation of conventional approach as well as co-precipitation assisted by microwave. The effect of preparation conditions on the morphology and particle size of (Y,Eu)2O3 precursor was completely investigated in this study. The ideal conditions were optimized as 0.25M Ln3+ ions concentration, 80°C reaction temperature, 90 minutes reaction time and 0 minute ageing time. Consequently, the (Y,Eu)2O3 precursor in the needle-like shape with average size of 0.25μm in diameter was obtained. The possible mechanism was also presented.

Research of Synthesizing Biodiesel from Suaeda Salsa by Ultrasonic-Assisted Transesterification

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 3925-3931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li Yang ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Song Qin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

Suaeda salsa oil was taken as raw materials to produce biodiesel by ultrasonic-Assisted transesterification. Single factor experiment and the orthogonal experiment combination design were adopted to study the effects of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power，reaction temperature ，reaction time，catalyst dosage and mole ratio of methanol to oil on biodiesel production rate. The order of factors that influence the biodiesel production rate within the experimental range was as follows: catalyst dosage＞reaction time＞reaction temperature＞mole ratio of methanol to oil. The optimal technological parameters should be as follows: ultrasonic frequency 28kHz, ultrasonic power 210W, reaction temperature 65 , reaction time 10min,catalyst dosage 0.3%and mole ratio of methanol to oil 6, and biodiesel production rate is 97.93% under such conditions.

scholarly journals Mechanically Robust and Flame-Retardant Polylactide Composites Based on In Situ Formation of Crosslinked Network Structure by DCP and TAIC

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Yajun Chen ◽  
Xingde Wu ◽  
Mengqi Li ◽  
Lijun Qian ◽  
Hongfu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Gel Content

The addition of intumescent flame retardant to PLA can greatly improve the flame retardancy of the material and inhibit the dripping, but the major drawback is the adverse impact of the mechanical properties of the material. In this study, we found that the flame retardant and mechanical properties of the materials can be improved simultaneously by constructing a cross-linked structure. Firstly, a cross-linking flame-retardant PLA structure was designed by adding 0.9 wt% DCP and 0.3 wt% TAIC. After that, different characterization methods including torque, melt flow rate, molecular weight and gel content were used to clarify the formation of crosslinking structures. Results showed that the torque of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 307% and the melt flow rate decreased by 77.8%. The gel content of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA was 30.8%, indicating the formation of cross-linked structures. Then, the mechanical properties and flame retardant performance were studied. Results showed that, compared with FRPLA, the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 34.8%, 82.6% and 42.9%, respectively. The flame retardancy test results showed that 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA had a very high LOI (the limiting oxygen index) value of 39.2% and passed the UL94 V-0 level without dripping. Finally, the crosslinking reaction mechanism, flame retardant mechanism and the reasons for the improvement of mechanical properties were studied and described.

scholarly journals Flame Retardancy Properties and Physicochemical Characteristics of Polyurea-Based Coatings Containing Flame Retardants Based on Aluminum Hydroxide, Resorcinol Bis(Diphenyl Phosphate), and Tris Chloropropyl Phosphate

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5168
Author(s):  
Wojciech Dukarski ◽  
Piotr Krzyżanowski ◽  
Marcin Gonsior ◽  
Iwona Rykowska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Diphenyl Phosphate ◽  
Further Development

Polyurea is a synthetic material made by the reaction of isocyanate and polymer blend-containing amines. Due to its outstanding mechanical properties and fast curing, polyurea-based coatings have found dozens of applications, including waterproofing and anti-corrosion coatings. Further development of this material can create a flame-retardant product, a good alternative for common products available on the market, such as intumescent coatings. To improve the flame retardancy of polyurea, several flame retardants were investigated. The influence of aluminum hydroxide, resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), and tris chloropropyl phosphate (TCPP) on flame retardancy and morphology was studied. The following methods were used: infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index, and tensile strength. The examinations mentioned above showed the improvement of flame-retardancy of polyurea for two products: chlorinated organophosphate and organophosphate. Nevertheless, using the chlorinated organophosphate additive caused a rapid deterioration of mechanical properties.

Research of Preparation of SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2 and its Application on Synthesis of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 906-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Bo Zhou ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Jin Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2 was prepared by coprecipitation and dipping methods, and characterized by FT-IR, BET surface area measurement and NH3-TPD, and those results demonstrate the SO42- was loaded on the catalyst and the catalyst have enough surface area and pore size. The effect of methanol oil mole ratio, catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time on the conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel was investigated to find optimum reaction conditions. From the orthogonal experiments, the optimum reaction condition was shown as follows: methanol oil mole ratio is 25:1, catalyst dosage is 5% of oil, reaction temperature is 120°C, reaction time is 8h, the yield reached 96.68%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document