Effect of Contact with Organic Extractant LIX 84IC during Solvent Extraction Process on the Re-Establishment of Growth of Bioleaching Microorganisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 340-343
Author(s):  
Carol S. Davis-Belmar ◽  
Mauricio Acosta ◽  
Valerie Schoen ◽  
George Rautenbach ◽  
Cecilia Demergasso
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Organic Extractant ◽  
Organic Extractants ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Solvent extraction (SX) used for the recovery of copper is a primary low-cost hydrometallurgical process applied extensively in cases like commercial bioleaching operations. Bioleaching solutions during SX treatment are exposed to important concentrations of organic extractants, a step that has a detrimental impact on microbial activity. The following work studies and determines the effect of this exposure on the re-establishment of growth and activity of different bioleaching microorganisms after contact and phase separation. Different bioleaching iron and sulfur -oxidizing microorganisms were tested. After contact with an industrially utilized organic extractant (LIX 84IC as extractant and Oxform SX12 as solvent), cultures were grown and their substrate utilization monitored.Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidansshowed only a slight increase in doubling time without significant latency period. On the contrary, for bothSulfobacillusspecies studied,S. thermosulfidooxidansandS. thermotolerans, were strongly impacted showing important lag phases before growth could take place. Additionally, the SX reagent showed disruption of cell walls and protein liberation during contact with all the different strains studied.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Impurity Aluminum on the Solvent Extraction of Rare Earth Elements (Nd, Pr, La) by P204-P350 in Chloride Solution

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Xian Xie ◽  
Xiong Tong ◽  
Yunpeng Du ◽  
Qiang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Aluminum Ion ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Medium ◽  
Impurity Ion

Solvent extraction is the most widely used method for separation and purification of rare earth elements, and organic extractants such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) and di(1-methyl-heptyl) methyl phosphonate (P350) are most commonly used for industrial applications. However, the presence of impurity ions in the feed liquid during extraction can easily emulsify the extractant and affect the quality of rare earth products. Aluminum ion is the most common impurity ion in the feed liquid, and it is an important cause of emulsification of the extractant. In this study, the influence of aluminum ion was investigated on the extraction of light rare earth elements by the P204-P350 system in hydrochloric acid medium. The results show that Al3+ competes with light rare earths in the extraction process, reducing the overall extraction rate. In addition, the Al3+ stripping rate is low and there is continuous accumulation of Al3+ in the organic phase during the stripping process, affecting the extraction efficiency and even causing emulsification. The slope method and infrared detection were utilized to explore the formation of an extraction compound of Al3+ and the extractant P204-P350 that entered the organic phase as AlCl[(HA)2]2P350(o).

scholarly journals Separation of Sn, Sb, Bi, and Cu from Tin Anode Slime by Solvent Extraction and Chemical Precipitation

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Wei-Sheng Chen ◽  
Shota Mesaki ◽  
Cheng-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Anode Slime ◽  
Electrolytic Refining ◽  
Precipitation Procedure ◽  
Tin Anode

Tin anode slime is a by-product of the tin electrolytic refining process. This study investigated a route to separate Sn, Sb, Bi, and Cu from tin anode slime after leaching with hydrochloric acid. In the solvent extraction process with tributyl phosphate, Sb and Sn were extracted into the organic phase. Bi and Cu were unextracted and remained in the liquid phase. In the stripping experiment, Sb and Sn were stripped and separated with HCl and HNO3. Bi and Cu in the aqueous phase were also separated with chemical precipitation procedure by controlling pH value. The purities of Sn, Sb, Cu solution and the Bi-containing solid were 96.25%, 83.65%, 97.51%, and 92.1%. The recovery rates of Sn, Sb, Cu, and Bi were 76.2%, 67.1%, and 96.2% and 92.4%.

scholarly journals Characterisation of a highly potent and near pan-neutralising anti-HIV monoclonal antibody expressed in tobacco plants

Retrovirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Moore ◽  
Melanie Grandits ◽  
Clemens Grünwald-Gruber ◽  
Friedrich Altmann ◽  
Maria Kotouckova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Background HIV remains one of the most important health issues worldwide, with almost 40 million people living with HIV. Although patients develop antibodies against the virus, its high mutation rate allows evasion of immune responses. Some patients, however, produce antibodies that are able to bind to, and neutralise different strains of HIV. One such ‘broadly neutralising’ antibody is ‘N6’. Identified in 2016, N6 can neutralise 98% of HIV-1 isolates with a median IC50 of 0.066 µg/mL. This neutralisation breadth makes N6 a very promising therapeutic candidate. Results N6 was expressed in a glycoengineered line of N. benthamiana plants (pN6) and compared to the mammalian cell-expressed equivalent (mN6). Expression at 49 mg/kg (fresh leaf tissue) was achieved in plants, although extraction and purification are more challenging than for most plant-expressed antibodies. N-glycoanalysis demonstrated the absence of xylosylation and a reduction in α(1,3)-fucosylation that are typically found in plant glycoproteins. The N6 light chain contains a potential N-glycosylation site, which was modified and displayed more α(1,3)-fucose than the heavy chain. The binding kinetics of pN6 and mN6, measured by surface plasmon resonance, were similar for HIV gp120. pN6 had a tenfold higher affinity for FcγRIIIa, which was reflected in an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay, where pN6 induced a more potent response from effector cells than that of mN6. pN6 demonstrated the same potency and breadth of neutralisation as mN6, against a panel of HIV strains. Conclusions The successful expression of N6 in tobacco supports the prospect of developing a low-cost, low-tech production platform for a monoclonal antibody cocktail to control HIV in low-to middle income countries. Graphic abstract

Facile fractionation of bamboo hydrolysate and characterization of isolated lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodi Wang ◽  
Yongchao Zhang ◽  
Luyao Wang ◽  
Xiaoju Wang ◽  
Qingxi Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Glycoside Linkage ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hemicellulosic Sugars

AbstractAn efficient separation technology for hydrolysates towards a full valorization of bamboo is still a tough challenge, especially regarding the lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). The present study aimed to develop a facile approach using organic solvent extraction for efficiently fractionating the main components of bamboo hydrolysates. The high-purity lignin with only a trace of carbohydrates was first obtained by precipitation of the bamboo hydrolysate. The water-soluble lignin (WSL) fraction was extracted in organic solvent through a three-stage organic solvent extraction process, and the hemicellulosic sugars with increased purity were also collected. Furthermore, a thorough characterization including various NMR techniques (31P, 13C, and 2D-HSQC), GPC, and GC-MS was conducted to the obtained lignin-rich-fractions. It was found that the WSL fraction contained abundant functional groups and tremendous amount of LCC structures. As compared to native LCC of bamboo, the WSL fraction exhibited more typical LCC linkages, i.e. phenyl glycoside linkage, which is the main type of chemical linkage between lignin and carbohydrate in both LCC samples. The results demonstrate that organic phase extraction is a highly efficient protocol for the fractionation of hydrolysate and the isolation of LCC-rich streams possessing great potential applications.

scholarly journals Longevity of Raw and Lyophilized Crude Urease Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Neda Javadi ◽  
Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei ◽  
Nasser Hamdan ◽  
Edward Kavazanjian
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Stable Source ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

The stability (longevity of activity) of three crude urease extracts was evaluated in a laboratory study as part of an effort to reduce the cost of urease for applications that do not require high purity enzyme. A low-cost, stable source of urease will greatly facilitate engineering applications of urease such as biocementation of soil. Inexpensive crude extracts of urease have been shown to be effective at hydrolyzing urea for carbonate precipitation. However, some studies have suggested that the activity of a crude extract may decrease with time, limiting the potential for its mass production for commercial applications. The stability of crude urease extracts shown to be effective for biocementation was studied. The crude extracts were obtained from jack beans via a simple extraction process, stored at room temperature and at 4 ℃, and periodically tested to evaluate their stability. To facilitate storage and transportation of the extracted enzyme, the longevity of the enzyme following freeze drying (lyophilization) to reduce the crude extract to a powder and subsequent re-hydration into an aqueous solution was evaluated. In an attempt to improve the shelf life of the lyophilized extract, dextran and sucrose were added during lyophilization. The stability of purified commercial urease following rehydration was also investigated. Results of the laboratory tests showed that the lyophilized crude extract maintained its activity during storage more effectively than either the crude extract solution or the rehydrated commercial urease. While incorporating 2% dextran (w/v) prior to lyophilization of the crude extract increased the overall enzymatic activity, it did not enhance the stability of the urease during storage.

scholarly journals A review on allotropes of carbon and natural filler-reinforced thermomechanical properties of upgraded epoxy hybrid composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-275
Author(s):  
Krushna Gouda ◽  
Sumit Bhowmik ◽  
Biplab Das
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Neat Epoxy ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Nonrenewable Resource ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers ◽  
Natural Filler

Abstract The scarcity of nonrenewable resource motivated inclination towards the environmental-friendly novel materials and development of waste natural filler-based hybrid composite is encouraged to fulfill the material demand. Epoxy resins-based composites are high-performing thermosetting polymers and have outstanding blending properties, good machinability, and low cost. Due to these advantages, thermoset plastic is largely used in a broad range of engineering applications; however, thermomechanical properties of neat epoxy are low. Thus, to enhance the thermomechanical properties of epoxy, it is interfaced materials such as graphite, graphene nanoplatelet, boron, carbon fiber, aluminium, silver, etc. Among various substances, graphene has been deliberated as an acceptable novel filler because of its exceptional properties. In addition to inorganic filler inclusion, natural filler/fiber like hemp, sisal, flax, bamboo, jute, etc. can be utilized in a higher percentage as biodegradable material. The present article assisted to improve thermomechanical properties of neat epoxy. This work identifies and addresses (i) processes used for graphene modification; (ii) treatment utilized for enhancing the binding properties of natural filler; (iii) various natural filler extraction process employed; (iv) neat epoxy modification; and (v) influence of different dimensions of fillers.

Modelling tyramine extraction from wastewater using a non-dispersive solvent extraction process

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (31) ◽  
pp. 39068-39076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ghadiri ◽  
Alireza Hemmati ◽  
Ali Taghvaie Nakhjiri ◽  
Saeed Shirazian
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process

Recovery Value Metals from Mixed Spent Li-Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Lin Yan Li ◽  
Fan Yun Zeng ◽  
Xue Jun Wang ◽  
Sheng Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Leaching Condition ◽  
Addition Amount

With the rapid development and wide application of Li-ion batteries, cathode materials containing value metals Co, Ni and Mn are blended by several kind of metal oxide presently for pursuing high safe stability and low cost. The composition of spent Li-ion batteries has become complicated and optimum leaching condition varied. In this paper, leaching process for the mixture of pure LiCoO2and Li (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2was studied. With an increase in component of LiCoO2in mixed materials, the optimum leaching condition varied as: temperature from 60°C to 90°C, H2O2addition amount from 0.54 to 0.75ml/g and liquid-solid ratio from 10 to 20. According to this result, a real mixed spent batteries materials was recovered by being leached in 2M H2SO4at temperature of 90°C, liquid-solid ratio 20 and 0.6ml/g H2O2added. The leaching efficiencies of Co, Ni, Mn, Li were 96.88%, 93.71%, 92.12%, 99.43% respectively. Cu, Al and Fe in solution were removed by precipitation and solvent extraction. Finally, Ni, Co, Mn were extracted by D2EHPA for separating with Na+and other impurities, which is used as a raw materials for preparation of cathode active materials in batteries.

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