The Utilization Potential of Rice Husk as an Alternative Energy Source for Power Plants in Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anshar ◽  
Ab Saman Abd Kader ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Energy Needs

The utilization of rice husk as an alternative fuel for the power plant in Indonesia is still under study. In present, steam power plants in Indonesia are still using coal fuel. This study was conducted to obtain data on the development potential of rice husk within 12 years duration. The potential of rice husk for each province was obtained by analyzing the rice production of 22 provinces that have rice production greater than 1 million tons per year. The study shows that the potential of rice husk and potential electrical energy increased by about 36.8% within 12 years or an average increase of around 3.1% per year. For the potential of rice husk in 22 provinces, the total gain was estimated 12.76 × 106 tons which is equivalent to 6.62 × 106 tons of coal or equivalent to 3.68 × 106 tons of oil. The available capacity of power plants is around 5,664 MW with the potential of electric energy is around 49,622 GWh. This potential is equivalent to 50% of the energy needs of coal in Indonesia in 2011, which was about 99,312 GWh. In conclusion, rice husk is indeed potential to be used as an alternative fuel in power plants thanks to its increasing yearly production and ability for distribution to all provinces in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Gerakan Kontra Pembangunan Shelter 9 Dan 10 Pltu Suralaya Merak-Banten

ijd-demos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Urrohmah ◽  
Karin Caroline Kelly ◽  
Fitri Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plant ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Local Residents

Electric Steam Power Plants (PLTU) need coal as fuel to produce electricity. The higher the electrical energy needed to eat, the more fuel will be used. This has happened in the construction of shelters 9 and 10 Suralaya Merak-Banten steam power plant (PLTU). This development is reaping various kinds of rejection because it causes environmental damage not only in the area around the development operation but also in the Greater Jakarta area. The rejection movement was initiated by local residents and supported by international Environmental NGOs.Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) membutuhkan batu bara sebagai bahan bakar untuk menghasilkan energi listrik. Semakin tinggi energi listrik yang dibutuhkan makan akan semakin banyak bahan bakar yang digunakan. Hal ini terjadi pada pembangunan shelter 9 dan 10 PLTU Suralaya di pulau Jawa spesifiknya di daerah Merak-Banten. Pembangunan ini menuai berbagai macam penolakan karena mengakibatkan kerusakan lingkungan tidak hanya pada wilayah sekitar operasi pembangunan namun juga pada wilayah Jabodetabek. Gerakan penolakan diinisiasi tentunya oleh warga setempat dan didukung dengan NGO Internasional penggiat isu lingkungan. 

Pengembangan Sistem Pengaturan Suplai Beban (Ats) Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrid Berbasiskan Mikrokontroler

Kilat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271
Author(s):  
Sugeng Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Power Plant ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT Renewable energy is potential alternative energy to replace the central role of fossil energy which has been going on since the early 20th century. The solar power plant is alternative energy, especially for households and industry, and can be designed as a hybrid power plant consisting of solar panels, batteries, an automatic transfer switch (ATS), and a grid. This research will focus on developing ATS based on a microcontroller. It functions to regulate the load supply automatically from the three sources of electrical energy, like solar panels, batteries, and grid while the microcontroller functions to monitor the transfer of power from the solar power plant to grid and voltage movements in the system so that current and voltage data can be recorded from time to time to improve system reliability, effectiveness, and efficiency of the tool. ATS components consist of MCB, magnetic contactor, timer H3CR, relay, 2000VA inverter, solar charge controller 100A, NodeMCU ESP8266 IoT, and battery 12V 100AH. This research is conducted in one year to produce ATS based on a microcontroller that can automatically regulate the supply of loads from the three sources of electrical energy with a good level of efficiency and stability.  Keywords: solar power plants, hybrid power plants, an automatic transfer switch.  ABSTRAK Energi baru terbarukan merupakan energi alternatif yang potensial untuk menggantikan peran sentral dari energi fosil yang telah berlangsung sejak awal abad ke 20. PLTS merupakan salah satu energi alternatif penyedia energi listrik untuk rumah tangga dan industri serta dapat dirancang sebagai sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga hibrid (PLTH) yang terdiri dari panel surya, baterai, sistem pengaturan beban atau ATS (automatic transfer switch) dan jaringan PLN. Peneltian difokuskan pada pengembangan sistem ATS berbasiskan mikrokontroler. ATS berfungsi untuk mengatur suplai beban secara otomatis dari ketiga sumber energi listrik yaitu panel surya, baterai dan PLN sedangkan mikrokontroler berfungsi memonitor perpindahan daya dari PLTS ke sumber PLN dan pergerakan tegangan pada sistem sehingga dapat dilakukan pencatatan data arus dan tegangan dari waktu ke waktu sehingga dapat meningkatkan keandalan sistem, efektifitas dan efisiensi alat. Komponen ATS terdiri dari MCB, magnetic contactor, timer H3CR, relay, inverter 2000VA, solar charge controller 100A, NodeMCU ESP8266 IoT, dan baterai 12V 100Ah. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dalam periode satu tahun menghasilkan ATS berbasiskan mikrokontroler yang dapat mengatur suplai beban secara otomatis dari ketiga sumber energi listrik dengan tingkat efisiensi dan kestabilan yang baik. Tim penelitian ini tediri dari 3 orang dan berasal dari program studi teknik elektro, IT PLN.  Kata kunci: pembangkit listrik tenaga surya, pembangkit listrik tenaga hibrid, pengaturan suplai beban.

scholarly journals Torrefied Biomass as an Alternative in Coal-Fueled Power Plants: A Case Study on Grindability of Agroforestry Waste Forms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel J. R. Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hardgrove Grindability Index

The use of biomass as a renewable energy source is currently a reality, mainly due to the role it can play in replacing fossil energy sources. Within this possibility, coal substitution in the production of electric energy presents itself as a strong alternative with high potential, mostly due to the possibility of contributing to the decarbonization of energy production while, at the same time, contributing to the circularization of energy generation processes. This can be achieved through the use of biomass waste forms, which have undergone a process of improving their properties, such as torrefaction. However, for this to be viable, it is necessary that the biomass has a set of characteristics similar to those of coal, such that its use may occur in previously installed systems. In particular, with respect to grindability, which is associated with one of the core equipment technologies of coal-fired power plants—the coal mill. The objective of the present study is to determine the potential of certain residues with agroforestry origins as a replacement for coal in power generation by using empirical methods. Selected materials—namely, almond shells, kiwifruit pruning, vine pruning, olive pomace, pine woodchips, and eucalyptus woodchips—are characterized in this regard. The materials were characterized in the laboratory and submitted to a torrefaction process at 300 °C. Then, the Statistical Grindability Index and the Hardgrove Grindability Index were determined, using empirical methods derived from coal analysis. The results obtained indicate the good potential of the studied biomasses for use in large-scale torrefaction processes and as replacements for coal in the generation of electrical energy. However, further tests are still needed, particularly relating to the definition of the ideal parameters of the torrefaction process, in order to optimize the grindability of the materials.

scholarly journals Modelling Electric Energy Availability Toward Popupation Growth and Land Conversion in Padang Lawas Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Ahmad Munawir Siregar ◽  
Lena Lusiana ◽  
Irza Utami ◽  
Muhammad Fakhruddin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Simulation Scenario

Abstract Electricity consumption in Padang Lawas Regency has increased every year, namely 59,962,000 kWh in 2018, and reached 74,060320,5 kWh in 2020. This increase is in line with the population growth rate so that it also has an impact on land availability. Forecasting electricity consumption absolutely must be done because it greatly affects the distribution and availability of electrical energy. There are three problems related to electrical energy resources. First, the availability of electricity will decrease as demand increases. The second is the increase in population which has an impact on improving the quality of life of the community and the availability of electricity. Third, the increase in land conversion is increasingly massive, causing population density and energy needs in the region to increase. For this reason, it is necessary to project the need for electrical energy for the population and land conversion in Padang Lawas Regency in 2021-2050. The objectives of this study can be used as a basis and choice for policy and strategy making in regional development planning by the Padang Lawas Regional Government. This is done so that the problem of electricity availability can be resolved. This research was conducted using the PowerSim Studio 10 application by simulating a dynamic system model involving several variables that influence each other. The results showed that population variables affect land requirements and total energy consumption. Analysis of electricity availability in Padang Lawas Regency until 2050 will experience an increase in electricity consumption accompanied by an increase in population and land conversion. Based on the results of the simulation scenario, the availability of electricity in Padang Lawas Regency can meet the total electricity consumption needs until 2050, either with or without intervention.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Controlling The Hybrid System Using The Internet Of Things For Energy Transaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sulton Ari Wibowo ◽  
Dyah Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Average Error ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
The People ◽  
Internet Network

The electrical energy is an energy that is needed by the people. Theelectrical energy, to date, came from several power plants, such aselectric steam power plants and diesel power plants. The communitymust pay the service provider, such as the State ElectricityCompany (PLN) with a rising cost, to obtain electrical energy.However, there were other alternative energies, for example, solarpower plants and windmill power plants. The hybrid system is acombination of two or more different energy sources to meet thedemand. The hybrid system was also expected to solve the problemthat might arise in utilizing other energies, the site condition, andthe unpredicted situation on the power plant. The solution to theseproblems was a hybrid using a monitoring device with ACS 712sensor current parameter, ZMPT101B voltage sensor, LDR solarsensor, hybrid electrical energy power, controller for four electricalsource inputs and three electrical sources for the output load. Thedevice used Arduino Mega 2560 for data processing, ESP 8266 asthe module to connect the device to the internet network and relayas the control actuator. Monitoring and controlling the device usedthe internet network and the implementation of the Internet ofThings (IoT) on the hybrid system plants (PLN, generator, solarpower plant, windmill power plant) that was integrated into thewebsite. The overall test resulted in the comparison average errorvalue between the device and the measuring instrument of thecurrent, voltage, and power. The test also resulted in the averageerror value of the response time for the four input contacts and threeoutput contacts. The average error value of the current was 2.13%,the average error value of the voltage was 0.7%, and the averageerror value from the power parameter was 0%. Meanwhile, theaverage error value of response time was 0.23 seconds. Based onthe above results, it can be concluded that the monitoring andcontrolling system from the website with the implementation of theIoT in the hybrid power system was worked following the design.

scholarly journals Mitigation of the alternative energy for the wind farm center considering temperature and wind speed

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 04013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Septiani Prastika ◽  
A.N. Afandi ◽  
Dwi Prihanto
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Sustainable Procurement

Recently, electric usages are increasing every year by year in many sectors. In facts, fossil fuels have been fueled to produce electrical energy availability at many power plants which are very limited for the sustainable procurement. Developing and implementing renewable energy sources should be urgently promoted to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels that have been fueled to generate electricity for the long period throughout various power plant combinations. In expectation, the natural source of electrical energy which environmentally friendly and easy to obtain in nature is recommended to explore for the existing energy producers. The natural source of energy can be operated as an alternative power plant to reduce environmental effects and to decrease air contaminants. These works cover those opportunities. In these studies, the method used is a quantitative category with collected primary and secondary data for all evaluations and mitigations. In general, these works are also designed for identifying problems and looking for literature, data collection, processing stage, analysis phase, and final conclusion. The data used is defined in terms of temperature, air pressure, and wind speed. The collected data are supposed to the Purwoharjo City of Banyuwangi Regency, with 10 meters above ground level. Naturally, the wind speed is about 3.5 m/s to 4 m/s and the average temperature is 300° Kelvin. The potentially generated wind energy at a single point of coordinates is around 85.17 Wh.

River's Meander Energy Conservation as a Renewable Energy Recourse, a Mathematical and Technology Status Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1132-1136
Author(s):  
Hadi Molaei Tavani
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Hydrokinetic Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Electromechanical Energy ◽  
Current Energy

The growing demand for electrical energy is one of the most important subjects today. Renewable energies give a good perspective to be an alternative to fossil and nuclear-fueled power plants, in order to meet growing demand for electrical energy. River current energy conversion systems are electromechanical energy converters that convert kinetic energy of river water into other usable forms of energy. However, the potentials of this technology as an effective and renewable source of alternative energy have not yet been explored to a great extent. In this research investigated the use of computational fluid dynamics in predicting hydrokinetic energy, and effective parameters of river's meander to generated hydro electrical energy. The survey shows that in this case study can generate justifiable energy in meander and it show that can use the meander of rivers are one of the renewable source. This article may serve as a coherent literature survey or technology review that would provide better understanding of the subjacent issues and possibly rejuvenate research interest in this immensely potential field of energy engineering

scholarly journals Hybrid System Using Two Panel Parallel Solar Cells 110 WP and PLN Power Source

JAICT ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sarono Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hybrid Techniques ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Continued Use

<p class="AbstractL-MAG">The limited availability of electricity and its continued use need to was sought for savings by providing alternative energy. New renewable energy sourced from sunlight can be an energy solution for electrical energy needs. Savings can be done using hybrid techniques from two sources to supply the load. This research makes hybrid plants utilizing sunlight using two panels of 110 wp capacity solar cells installed parallel to get a large output current. In this hybrid system used a deep cycle 12v / 100 Ah battery to supply 100-250 watts of light for three to four hours. The test results show that battery charging is very dependent on solar radiation and is needed for seven hours to reach 88% capacity and the inverter supplies a load of 213.5 watts on average for 45 minutes requiring 20% of battery capacity.</p>

scholarly journals Fuel consumption of thermal power technologies under maneuvering modes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
V.S. Kobernik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Fluidized Bed Boilers

A characteristic feature of the present day development of power engineering lies in the increase in the unevenness of power systems schedules. The structure of generating powers of Ukrainian energy engineering is overloaded with basic powers and characterized by a sharp deficit of maneuvering wanes. To cover the uneven load of the power system during the operation of existing and construction of new power plants, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of their operation under maneuvering modes. This paper determines the influence of work of power plants i under maneuvering modes on the specific consumption of conditional fuel on the released electric energy at working on gas or coal fuel. Fuel consumption for starting of a unit depends on its type and downtime in reserve. The use of steam–and–gas facilities and gas turbines helps to enhance the maneuverability of power plants. Alternative options for the development of thermal energy are the introduction of gas–piston power plants and power units with fluidized–bed boilers. We present formulas for the calculations of fuel consumption on by power units for start–ups and specific consumptions depending on the load and degree of their involvement to regulating loads for different thermal energy technologies: steam–turbine condensation and district heating power units; steam–and–gas and gas turbine plants; gas piston installations; power units with fluidized bed boilers. For enhancing the maneuverability of power plants, working on fossil fuels, their modernization and renewal of software are necessary. Quantitative assessment of the efficiency of power units and separate power plants during their operation under variable modes is important for forecasting the structure of generating capacities of power systems, the need to introduce peak and semi–peak capacities, the choice of the most profitable composition of operating equipment at different schedules of electrical loads Keywords: thermal power, power unit, maneuverable mode, electrical load, specific fuel consumption

scholarly journals Spatial Organization of Energy Facilities: Specific Features and Development Prospects (on the Example of Belarusian Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
Y. B. Morozova ◽  
A. A. Kolesnikow ◽  
N. N. Korshunova ◽  
O. E. Dolinina
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Industrial Architecture

The paper considers spatial organization of energy facilities with an emphasis on modern practice of the Republic of Belarus. The efficiency of enterprise operation in any industry including power industry is largely due to their architectural and planning organization. Knowledge of mechanisms and specific features of the changes taking place here makes it possible to justify a promising strategy for project activities, and therefore, it allows to manage development processes of the industry and thereby avoid many negative consequences. Energy facilities are a typological unit of industrial architecture, their formation has been started due to transition of industrial production to electric energy. Today the typology shows functional approach in architectural shaping, it includes a fairly large variety of constituent units and demonstrates a tendency towards diversification. In Belarus energy facilities in the architectural aspect of their classification are limited mostly to thermal power plants operating on different types of fuel. Currently the diversification is developing in the following areas: construction of hydropower facilities (small plants on reservoirs, medium power plants, low-pressure plants, run-of-the-river hydraulic power stations), alternative energy (wind power stations, photovoltaic power stations and biogas plants) and conventional energy (thermal power plant, mini-combined heat and power plant operating on renewable fuel). The results of Belarusian practice in construction of all types of facilities (hydropower, alternative and conventional energy), peculiarities of the architectural and planning organization of facilities at the current stage, correlation with global trends in the development of industrial architecture have been characterized in the paper. The paper has determined typological features of alternative energy facility architecture, opportunities and directions for implementation of architectural approaches, problems and prospects to develop scientific support for the project process.

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