Effects of Milling Techniques and Calcinations Temperature on the Composite Cathode Powder LSCF-SDC Carbonate

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
M.S.A. Bakar ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
H.A. Rahman ◽  
M.A.F.M. Tasrim ◽  
H. Basri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Composite Cathodes ◽  
Clear Peak ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Crystallite Structure ◽  
Ball Milling Technique

Composite cathode La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ-SDC carbonates (LSCF-SDCC) for applications of low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LTSOFC) were developed. LSCF-SDCC were mixed using high energy ball milling technique via dry and wet milling method followed by calcinations at 700, 750 and 800 °C. The findings reveal that different calcinations temperature and milling techniques gives effects to the composite cathodes powder. Clear peak intensity demonstrate from wet milling technique as confirm via XRD analysis indicates that crystalline structure has been improved. FESEM investigation demonstrate the presence of large particles in the resultant powder resulting from the increased calcination temperature. LSCF-SDCC composite cathodes powder produced via wet milling technique have good fine fraction and demonstrates good crystallite structure to be served as cathode of LTSOFC compared to dry milling technique.

Effects of Calcination Factors on the Composite Cathode Powder LSCF-SDC Carbonate by Using Dry Milling

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Muhamad Subri Abu Bakar ◽  
M.F. Kamaruddin ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
Hamimah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Hatijah Basri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Composite Cathodes ◽  
Clear Peak ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Ball Milling Technique

The effects of calcination factors on the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ-SDCC (LSCF-SDCC) composite cathodes powder were investigated. LSCF-SDCC has been prepared using high energy ball milling technique via dry milling method. The resultant LSCF-SDCC composite cathodes powder then were calcined at 700, 750 and 800 °C with soaking time of 1, 2 and 3 hours. The findings reveal that different calcinations temperature and soaking time gives effects to the composite cathodes powder. Clear peak intensity demonstrate from calcination temperature 750 °C as confirm via XRD analysis indicates that crystalline structure has been improved. FESEM investigation demonstrate the presence of large particles in the resultant powder resulting from the increased calcination temperature and soaking time. LSCF-SDCC composite cathodes powder calcined at a temperature of 750oC for soaking time 1, 2 and 3 hours demonstrates good crystallite structure to be served as composite cathode SOFCs compared to samples calcined at 700oC and 800oC with soaking time 1, 2 and 3 hours.

XRD and EDS Analysis of Composite Cathode Powders LSCF-SDCC-Ag for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (LTSOFC)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S.A. Bakar ◽  
Sufizar Ahmad ◽  
Hamimah Abdul Rahman ◽  
H. Basri ◽  
A. Muchtar
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy ◽  
Phase Purity ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Milling Method

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) analysis has been conducted on composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC-Ag. Composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC has been produced using high energy ball milling via wet milling method through calcinations at 750 °C. The calcined LSCF-SDCC powder then was mixed with Ag (3wt%) then pressed become pellets and sintered at 500, 550 and 600 °C. The phase purity of composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC-Ag was determined via XRD analysis and elements distributions were observed via EDS-mapping. The SrCO3 phase was emerged after the addition of composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC with Ag powder. The phase purity of composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC-Ag were maintained before and after sintered. The variable of sintering temperature also not effect the structure as there were no other secondary constituent emerged as confirmed by XRD sensitivity. EDS analysis shows LSCF-SDCC-Ag produced via ball milling has uniform distribution of elements.

Effect of Milling Process and Calcination Temperature on the Properties of BSCF-SDC Composite Cathode

2018 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Umira Asyikin Yusop ◽  
Hamimah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Suraya Irdina Abdullah ◽  
Dedikarni Panuh
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Composite Cathodes ◽  
Solid Cathode

The ionic conductivity, super conductivity, ferroelectricity, and magnetic resistance of barium strontium cobalt ferrite (BSCF) make it a good solid cathode material. This study aims to investigate the influence of milling process and calcination temperature on the behaviour of nanocomposite cathode BSCF–samarium-doped ceria (SDC). The BSCF–SDC composite powders were mixed using two milling processes, namely, wet milling and dry milling. The composite cathode powders were mixed through wet milling by high-energy ball milling at 550 rpm for 2 hours. For dry milling, the powders were milled at 150 rpm for 30 minutes. The powders then underwent calcination at 900 °C, 950 °C, 1050 °C, and 1150 °C for 2 hours. The composite cathodes were examined on the basis of phase and microstructure through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. In conclusion, the selection of suitable milling process and calcination temperature is important in eliminating secondary phases in BSCF–SDC composite cathodes and in enhancing their properties.

Synthesis and Characterization of Electromagnetic Material Based On Composite of Barium M-Ferrite and Zinc Oxide

2018 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Verryon Harahap ◽  
Syahrul Humaidi ◽  
Perdamean Sebayang
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Energy Products

The making of composites BaFe12O19/ZnO has been done with Wet Milling method used media toluene. Barium M-Ferrit as a matrix and Zinc Oxide as a filler used as the main raw material for composite manufacturing. The milling process of Barium M-Ferrit was done for 12 hours using the High Energy Milling (HEM). Furthermore, the calcination process used furnace at 900 ° C for 4 hours. While Zinc Oxide is milled for 3 hours and calcined at a temperature of 500 oC for 3 hours. The results of Barium M-Ferrit and zinc Oxide mixed using wet milling touluene media for 15 minutes and dried for 1 hour at 200 oC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that BaFe12O19 as a matrix and ZnO as filler with hexagonal crystal structure was formed and the peak showed a single phase, where each BaFe12O19 lattice parameter a = 5.8930 Å, c = 23.1940 Å and ZnO lattice parameter a = 3.2533 Å, c = 5.2073 Å. Characterization Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) obtained the value of magnetic properties BaFe12O19 powder (matrix) obtained (Ms) magnetic saturation 54.03 emu/g, (Mr) magnet remanent 33.06 emu/g, (Hcj) coercivity 2943 Oe and (BHmax) product energy 190 kGOe and Zinc Oxide as filler values (Ms) magnet saturation 7.84 emu / g, (Mr) magnet remanent 1.27 emu/g, (Hcj) coercivity 152.4 Oe and (BHmax) energy products 10 kGOe. The results of XRD on 50% mass of composites ZnO additions using match software have two phases, namely the presence of ZnO and BaFe12O19 phases which indicate that heterogeneous structures with hexagonal crystal structures. Composite magnetic properties obtained by adding 50% mass of ZnO were (Mr) magnet 39.40 emu/ g, coercivity 2728 Oe, (BHmax) product energy 110 kGOe and for composites 75% mass addition ZnO remanent 39.36 emu/g with coefficient of 1365 Oe and ( BHmax) product energy was 60 kGOe.

Effect of Dispersants on Microstructures of Nano Alpha Alumina Developed from Aluminium Dross Waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 1115 ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Anis Sofia ◽  
Noorasikin Samat ◽  
Meor Yusoff Meor Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Aluminium Dross ◽  
Alpha Alumina

This paper compares the effect of dispersants which are Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLS) and distilled water (DW) on the crystallization, particle size distribution and morphological behavior of nanoalpha Alumina (α-Al2O3) synthesized from Aluminium (Al) dross waste. The synthesizing of nanoα-Al2O3 via wet milling method was performed using a planetary mill for 4 hours at a speed of 550 rpm. The nanoα-Al2O3 powders with dispersants were characterized with x-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer (PSA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD analysis shows the broadening and shifting of peaks after the sample was calcined at 1300 °C, indicating high crystallinity. The crystallite size of α-Al2O3 milled with SLS is also smaller than the α-Al2O3 milled with DW. These results are consistent with the PSA analysis in which the graphs displayed a symmetrical trend. Then, the PSA analysis is validated with TEM observation up to 100000x magnification, particularly for α-Al2O3 milled with SLS.

Synthesis of β-Tricalcalcium Phosphate Block by Wet Milling Method of Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate and Calcium Carbonate

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 384-388
Author(s):  
A. Nurazreena ◽  
Kung Shiuh Lau
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
Milling Method

Synthesis of β-TCP block by wet milling method of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4Ÿ2H2O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was evaluated. Uniaxially pressed block at 5, 10 and 15 MPa of mixture CaHPO4Ÿ2H2O and CaCO3 were sintered at 1000°C, 1050°C and 1100°C. XRD analysis revealed that single phase β-TCP was obtained at all press pressure and sintering temperature. The crystallinity and crystallite size of the obtained β-TCP increased with increasing press pressure and sintering temperature.

Ba- and La- Strontium Cobalt Ferrite Carbonate Composite as Cathode Materials for Low Temperature SOFC

2016 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Hamimah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Linda Agun ◽  
Mohamed Hakim Ahmad Shah
Keyword(s):  
Cobalt Ferrite ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Sofc Cathode ◽  
Composite Cathodes ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Low Temperature Sofc ◽  
Fesem Micrographs

Barium strontium cobalt ferrite (BSCF) and lanthanum strontium carbonate ferrite (LSCF)–samarium-doped ceria carbonate (SDCc) composite cathodes were developed based on various molar ratio of binary carbonate. The percentage of molar ratio for (Li/Na)2 binary carbonate in the composite cathodes were 67:33, 62:38, and 53:47. Influence of (Li/Na)2 binary carbonate addition on BSCF-SDCc and LSCF-SDCc were studied in terms of chemical, thermal, and physical properties. The composite-cathode powders were prepared using high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and followed by calcination at 750 °C for 2h. Characterizations of the composite cathode were performed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and dilatometry. The FTIR result verified the existence of carbonates in all the composite cathodes. The increment in the Na2CO3 molar ratio has contributed to the growth of the BSCF-SDCc particles as observed from the FESEM micrographs and particle size. The LSCF-SDCc composite cathodes revealed a lower (1.38-6.69%) thermal coefficient difference with SDCc electrolyte. The BSCF-SDCc and LSCF-SDCc composites with 53:47 mol.% of (Li/Na)2 binary carbonate exhibit the applicable properties as SOFC cathode material.

scholarly journals Mg2+ Doping Effects on the Structural and Dielectric Properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 Ceramics Obtained by Mechanochemical Synthesis

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1187
Author(s):  
Piotr Dulian ◽  
Wojciech Bąk ◽  
Mateusz Piz ◽  
Barbara Garbarz-Glos ◽  
Olena V. Sachuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Dielectric Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Doping Effects ◽  
Ball Milling Technique

In this study, ceramic CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) and CaCu3−xMgxTi4O12 solid solutions in which 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 were prepared by the mechanochemical method, realized by a high-energy ball milling technique. The effects of the Mg2+ ion concentration and sintering time on the dielectric response in the prepared ceramics were investigated and discussed. It was demonstrated that, by the use of a sufficiently high energy of mechanochemical treatment, it is possible to produce a crystalline product after only 2 h of milling the mixture of the oxide substrates. Both the addition of magnesium ions and the longer sintering time of the mechanochemically-produced ceramics cause excessive grain growth and significantly affect the dielectric properties of the materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that all of the as-prepared solid solutions, CaCu3−xMgxTi4O12 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5), regardless of the sintering time, exhibit a cubic perovskite single phase. The dielectric study showed two major contributions associated with the grains and the grain boundaries. The analysis of the electric modules of these ceramics confirmed the occurrence of Maxwell–Wagner type relaxation, which is dependent on the temperature.

scholarly journals COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF PHASE FORMATION MECHANISM AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Ca-Mg-SILICATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Myat Myat-Htun ◽  
Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Ahmad-Fauzi Mohd Noor ◽  
Masakazu Kawashita ◽  
Yanny Marliana Baba Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phase Development ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Phase Formation Mechanism

This study aimed to investigate extensively the full phase formation mechanism from the lowest temperature to form the phases to the optimum temperature to crystallize akermanite. The effects of various milling speeds and sintering temperatures on physico-mechanical properties of akermanite prepared using high-energy planetary milling method were also investigated. The minimum formation temperature of akermanite phase (above 800°C) was determined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis. XRD analysis revealed akermanite had formed through gradual phase development with the increase in temperature. Below 700C, akermanite was structurally unstable while multiple transient compounds (low clinoenstatite, wollastonite, monticellite, and diopside) coexisted, as indicated by low peak intensities. Single phase akermanite was obtained by heat-treating at 1100C. Physical studies suggested the densest akermanite ceramic feature, with tensile strength range of 25.26 ± 1.41 MPa32.10 ± 2.13 MPa and Vickers microhardness range of 1.39 ± 0.04 GPa4.94 ± 0.26 GPa could be obtained at 1250°C.

scholarly journals High Energy Density Single Crystal NMC/Li6PS5Cl Cathodes for All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Doerrer ◽  
Isaac Capone ◽  
Sudarshan Narayanan ◽  
Junliang Liu ◽  
Christopher Grovenor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Composite Cathodes

<div><div><div><p>To match the high capacity of metallic anodes, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) re- quire high energy density, long-lasting composite cathodes such as Ni-Mn-Co (NMC)- based lithium oxides mixed with a solid-state electrolyte (SSE). However in practice, cathode capacity typically fades due to NMC cracking and increasing NMC/SSE in- terface debonding because of NMC pulverization, which is only partially mitigated by the application of a high cell pressure during cycling. Using smart processing proto- cols we report a single crystal particulate LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2 and Li6PS5Cl SSE composite cathode with outstanding discharge capacity of 210 mAh g−1 at 30 °C. A first cycle coulombic efficiency of >85%, and >99% thereafter, was achieved despite a 5.5% volume change during cycling. A near-practical discharge capacity at a high areal capacity of 8.7 mAh cm−2 was obtained using a novel asymmetric anode/cathode cycling pressure of only 2.5 MPa/0.2 MPa.</p></div></div></div>

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