The Acid Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Leaves as a Biofeedstook for Bioethanol Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supattra Boochapun ◽  
Wimonporn Lamamorphanth ◽  
Khanita Kamwilaisak
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
A Value ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
The One ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions

The sugarcane is the one of economic agricultural product in Thailand. The sugarcane leaf is a residual waste from post-harvest process. Conversion of the residual waste to a value material is quite a challenge. The aim of this research work is to extract sugar from the sugarcane leaf by the acid hydrolysis reaction. The hydrolysis conditions were varied in terms of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration (04%, v/v), reaction time (15180 minutes), amount of sugar cane leaves (50-125g/l) with constant incubation temperature at 122 °C. The identification and quantitation analysis of hydrolysed sample was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The result was shown the best hydrolysis condition was at 1% v/v of H2SO4, reaction time 60 min and the sugarcane leaves 100 g / L with ca 17 g/L of xylose, ca 3 g/L of glucose and ca 2 g/L of arabinose. Also, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was analysed the morphology of untreated and treated sugarcane leaf which the surface of treated sample showed the broken fibril.

scholarly journals Mobile application for the purpose of marketing, product distribution and location-based logistics for elderly farmers

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumitra Nuanmeesri
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
A Value ◽  
Service Supply Chain ◽  
Ant Colony Algorithms ◽  
User Comprehension ◽  
One Stop ◽  
The One

This research has developed a one-stop service supply chain mobile application for the purpose of marketing, product distribution and location-based logistics for elderly farmers and consumers in accordance with the Thailand 4.0 economic model. This is an investigation into the agricultural product distribution supply chain which focuses on marketing, distribution and logistics using the Dijkstra’s and Ant Colony Algorithms to respectively explore the major and minor product transport routes. The accuracy rate was determined to be 97%. The application is congruent with the product distribution, supply chain, in a value-based economy. The effectiveness of the mobile application was indicated to be at the highest level of results of learning outcomes, user comprehension and user experience of users. That is, the developed mobile application could be effectively used as a tool to support elderly farmers to distribute their agricultural products in the one-stop service supply chain which emphasizes marketing, distribution and location-based logistics for elderly farmers and consumers with respect to Thailand 4.0.

scholarly journals Metaphors’ effect on off-line cognition: A preliminary study based on a reaction time task

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Shafiei ◽  
Habibollah Ghassemzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Time Task ◽  
A Value ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

The modality of apprehension and processing of metaphorical expressions in comparison with non-metaphorical ones has hitherto captivated numerous researchers in manifold fields of study, such as linguistics, psychology, and cognitive sciences. More specially, metaphors used in a one-sentence paragraph have been the subjects of many studies. However, cognitive functions of structural metaphors haven’t been entirely noteworthy in contrast with non-metaphorical expressions employed in textual context. In this study, the interrelationship between memory and conceptual metaphor in significant cognitive processes has been examined in a textual context. In this respect, the hypothesis, that conceptual metaphor as a value can assist with the recognition and recollection process and incorporate the quintessence of our cerebrations, has been put to test. To evaluate this assumption, the reaction time task is used. Each testable case has been subjected to analysis within two analogous contexts, in a metaphorical and non-metaphorical manner. Afterwards, terms were displayed, and the subjects needed to determine as swiftly as possible whether these vocabularies were exemplified or not. The results indicated that the terms pertaining to the schema and other terms included in metaphorical context would be processed faster than the one with non-metaphorical context. With regard to the obtained data, it seems that the conceptual metaphor generates semantic networks in the mind which will be more accessible to memory upon information retrieval.

scholarly journals Effects of Enzyme Loading, Incubation Time and Incubation Temperature on Sawdust Hydrolysis by Locally Produced Bacterial Xylanase

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
S. M. Shaarani ◽  
L. Y. Min ◽  
R. C. Man ◽  
S. K. A. Mudalip ◽  
S. Z. Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
The One ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions ◽  
Xylose Production

The present study aims to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of bacterial xylanase on alternative cheaper substrate which is hardwood sawdust (SD) in order to produce reducing sugars (xylose). The bacterial xylanase was produced and secreted from the Bacillus sp. The wood industry in Malaysia has become a major source of foreign exchange across the globe for developing the countries. Therefore, more wood residues (sawdust) are produced during the logging and processing of wood. Most of the sawdust will be disposed into the landfills. In actual, the sawdust can be utilised into more valuable products such as in producing reducing sugars. Thus, previous researches have studied on xylose production from wooden sawdust using commercial xylanases, but only few with the bacterial xylanase. Therefore, a study on the best conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis in producing xylose from sawdust using bacterial xylanase is essential. Prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis, the hardwood sawdust was pre-treated by autoclave at 121°C for 20 min in order to breakdown the lignin linkage and obtain the hemicellulosic xylan (delignification). The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions such as enzyme loading, incubation time and incubation temperature were experimented by One-Factor-At-Time (OFAT) method. Based on the experiment, the fifth cycle pre-treated autoclaved sawdust showed 5.5-fold higher than the untreated sawdust. The best enzymatic hydrolysis conditions for xylose production were enzyme loading of 1.4%, incubation time of 30 min, and incubation temperature of 56.9 °C. These conditions also succeeded in producing 2.5-fold higher xylose than the one without the enzymatic hydrolysis.   

scholarly journals FUNDING AND PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-LEVEL INDIVIDUAL SPORT IN BENIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 532-537
Author(s):  
Akouete Coffi David ◽  
◽  
Ahounouaïkpe Fifamin Judith ◽  
Hounsou Semako Julien ◽  
Dansou H. Pierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Individual Sports

This research work entitled Financing of high performance individual sport in Benin aims to analyze on the one hand, the effects of insufficient funding of high performance athletes in Benin on the development of individual sport and support of their elites and, on the other hand, the type of funding that would be best suited to this situation in Benin. It focuses on three sources of funding for sport: public funding, self-funding and other sources of funding. The results of the study show that, on the one hand, the insufficiency of the budgets allocated to high-performance individual sports constitutes in part an obstacle to the development of this type of sport, and on the other hand, that public funding does not favor not the improvement of the performance of high performance individual athletes, compared to other sources of sport funding.

scholarly journals Preparation of Oligosaccharides by Degradation of Polysaccharides from Chinese Jujube and Its Biological Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yan ◽  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Mengjun Liu ◽  
Zhihui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Cellulose Solution ◽  
Chinese Jujube ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions

This study examined the degradation of polysaccharides to oligosaccharides in Chinese jujube fruits. Using a response surface model, the degradation conditions of polysaccharides under acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis were optimized in laboratory conditions. A degradation rate of 66.9% was obtained under optimum acid hydrolysis conditions: 0.6 mol/L hydrochloric acid, 3% substrate concentration, and 1 h reaction time. A degradation rate of 41.4% was obtained under optimum enzyme hydrolysis conditions: 4.0 mL cellulose solution (10 mg/mL), 0.3 mL substrate solution (20 mg/mL), 0.7 mL citric acid buffer solution (pH 5), and 7.3 h reaction time. Using the stimulation effect for strain J-4 intestinal probiotic proliferation, the biological activity of oligosaccharides was determined. The results showed that the oligosaccharides from enzyme hydrolysis encouraged intestinal probiotic proliferation.

ANALISIS VARIASI JUMLAH SUDU TURBIN BERPENAMPANG PELAT DATAR PADA TURBIN AIR ALIRAN VORTEX DENGAN TIPE SALURAN MASUK INVOLUTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Adnan Al Farisi ◽  
Yopi Handoyo ◽  
Taufiqur Rokhman
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Vortex Flow ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
A Value ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
The One ◽  
Flow Vortex

The One of alternative energy that is environmentally friendly is by untilize water energy and turn it into a Microhydro power plant. Microhydro power plant usually made from utilize the waterfall with the head fell. While utilization for streams with a head small drop is not optimal yet. This is a reference to doing research on harnessing the flow of a river that has a value of head low between 0.7 m – 1.4 m with turning it into a Vortex flow (vortex). The purpose of this research is to know  the effect variation number of blade on power and efficiency in the vortex turbine. This research uses experimental methods to find current, voltage, torque and rpm using a reading instrument. The materials research vortex turbine used 6 blade, 8 blade and 10 blade with flat plate. The result showed the highest efficiency is 29,93 % with produce turbine power is 19,58 W, generated on turbine with variation 10 blade with load 3,315 kg and the capacity of water 10,14 l/s. Followed with an efficiency 24,17% and produce turbine power is 15,81 W, generated on turbine with the variation 8 blade with load 3,315 kg and the capacity of water is 10,14 l/s. The the lowest turbine efficiency 22,32% with produce tuebine power 14,60 W, generated on turbine with the variation 6 blade with load 3,315 kg, the capacity of water is 10,14 l/s.

Evaluation of the Properties of Humus Liquid of Earthworm Eisenia Foetida Obtained from Different Rachis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Remigio Gaibor Fernández ◽  
Abraham Adalberto Bayas Zamora ◽  
Galo Israel Muñoz Sánchez ◽  
Cristhian Adrián Rivas Santacruz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
A Value ◽  
The One ◽  
Liquid Slurry

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the physical characteristics of the vermicompost and the quality of the purine of the red Californian (Eisenia foetida) using different substrates of feed for these worms. For this purpose, nine treatments were studied: 75% African palm rachis + 25% cattle manure, 50% African palm rachis + 50% cattle manure, 25% African palm rachis + 75% livestock manure, 50% manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 25% of manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 50% of rach of coconut + 50% of manure of Livestock, 25% coccus rachis + 75% livestock manure. The substrate made up of 50% of rachis of coconut and 50% of livestock manure can be used in nurseries or nurseries for being the one that registered a value of pH 7.3 plus the closest to the neutral compared to the others, besides this (75% of oil palm rachis and 25% of cattle manure) showed a higher content of humic and fulvic acids (0.87 and 0.45 p / p, respectively), compounds that are important for agriculture by stimulating plant growth, in addition to this reflection 0.06% sulfur content, 4.0 ppm boron, 7.0 ppm copper, 47.5 ppm iron, 6.0 ppm manganese, with a presence of microorganisms of the species Trichoderma, Penicillium, Cladosporium sp. in amounts of 1.91x105 UFC / ml, however in this substrate was obtained between 13.3 and 43.5% less liquid slurry in Comparison with other treatments.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Field Performances of Pressure-Grouted Micropiles Using Gravity and Packers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6736
Author(s):  
Ong Heo ◽  
Yeowon Yoon ◽  
Jinung Do
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Installation Depth ◽  
Pressure Grouting ◽  
The One

When underground space requires excavation in areas below the water table, the foundation system suffers from buoyancy, which leads to the uplifting of the superstructure. A deep foundation system can be used; however, in cases where a hard layer is encountered, high driving forces and corresponding noises cause civil complaints in urban areas. Micropiles can be an effective alternative option, due to their high performance despite a short installation depth. Pressurized grouting is used with a packer to induce higher interfacial properties between micropile and soil. In this study, the field performance of micropiles installed using gravitational grouting or pressure-grouted using either a geotextile packer or rubber packer was comparatively evaluated by tension and creep tests. Micropiles were installed using pressure grouting in weak and fractured zones. As results, the pressure-grouted micropiles showed more stable and stronger behaviors than ones installed using the gravitational grouting. Moreover, the pressure-grouted micropile installed using the rubber packer showed better performance than the one using the geotextile packer.

scholarly journals AFX Zeolite for Use as a Support of NH3-SCR Catalyst Mining through AICE Joint Research Project of Industries–Academia–Academia

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Masaru Ogura ◽  
Yumiko Shimada ◽  
Takeshi Ohnishi ◽  
Naoto Nakazawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Structure Directing Agent ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
Nh3 Scr ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
The One

This paper introduces a joint industries–academia–academia research project started by researchers in several automobile companies and universities working on a single theme. Our first target was to find a zeolite for NH3-SCR, that is, zeolite mining. Zeolite AFX, having the same topology of SSZ-16, was found to be the one of the zeolites. SSZ-16 can be synthesized by using an organic structure-directing agent such as 1,1′-tetramethylenebis(1-azonia-4-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; Dab-4, resulting in the formation of Al-rich SSZ-16 with Si/Al below five. We found that AFX crystallized by use of N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3:5,6-dipyrrolidinium ion, called TEBOP in this study, had the same analog as SSZ-16 having Si/Al around six and a smaller particle size than SSZ-16. The AFX demonstrated a high performance for NH3-SCR as the zeolitic support to load a large number of divalent Cu ionic species with high hydrothermal stability.

The impact of acid hydrolysis conditions on carbohydrate determination in lignocellulosic materials: a case study with Eucalyptus globulus bark

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Jorge Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Santos ◽  
Maria J. Mota ◽  
Susana R. Pereira ◽  
Pedro C. Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eucalyptus Bark

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass represents a suitable feedstock for production of biofuels and bioproducts. Its chemical composition depends on many aspects (e.g. plant source, pre-processing) and it has impact on productivity of industrial bioprocesses. Numerous methodologies can be applied for biomass characterisation, with acid hydrolysis being a particularly relevant step. This study intended to assess the most suitable procedures for acid hydrolysis, taking Eucalyptus globulus bark as a case study. For that purpose, variation of temperature (90–120 °C) was evaluated over time (0–5 h), through monosaccharides and oligosaccharides contents and degradation. For glucose, the optimal conditions were 100 °C for 2.5 h, reaching a content of 48.6 wt.%. For xylose, the highest content (15.2 wt.%) was achieved at 90 °C for 2 h, or 120 °C for 0.5 h. Maximum concentrations of mannose and galactose (1.0 and 1.7 wt.%, respectively) were achieved at 90 and 100 °C (2–3.5 h) or at 120 °C (0.5–1 h). These results revealed that different hydrolysis conditions should be applied for different sugars. Using this approach, total sugar quantification in eucalyptus bark was increased by 4.3%, which would represent a 5% increase in the ethanol volume produced, considering a hypothetical bioethanol production yield. This reflects the importance of feedstock characterization on determination of economic viability of industrial processes.

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