Understanding Water Consumption and Demand in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3155-3160
Author(s):  
Biao Zhang ◽  
Xiu Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Closed Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

The impact factors of the water consumption changes from 1999 to 2002 and from 2002 to 2007 in China are studied with structural decomposition analysis(SDA) model.Firstly, we combine the classical IPAT model with consumer endogenous input-output local closed model, then decompose the impact factors of water consumption changes with the combined model.Secondly, we analyze the direct effect of final demand on water consumption changes. The main results are as follows: (1) At the structural level, the increase of the GDP per capita is the main factor of water consumption increase, the decrease of water use intensity is the main factor of water consumption decrease.(2)At the final demand level, the total final demand change is the main factor of water consumption change, whose effect exceeds water use intensity decrease and the change of technical level. Among the components of final demand, investment is the main factor of water consumption growth, which exceeds the effects of government consumption and net exports.

The Decomposition Analysis of Tourism Water Footprint in Taiwan: Revealing Decision-Relevant Information

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Yen Sun ◽  
Ching-Mai Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Input Structure

Tourism water consumption reflects the dynamics between the visitation volume, economic structure, and water use technology of a destination. This paper presents a structural decomposition analysis that attributes changes of Taiwan’s tourism water footprint into the demand factors of total consumption and purchasing patterns, and production factors of the industry input structure and water use technology. From 2006 to 2011, Taiwan experienced a 48% growth in visitor expenditures and a 74% surge in its water footprint. Diseconomies of scale were observed, with a 1% increase in consumption leading to a 1.5% increase in the tourism water footprint. A strong preference by visitors for water-intensive goods and services and a changing economic structure requiring more water input for tourism establishments and supply chain members contributed to this worrisome pattern. The water requirements received only a minimal offset effect with technological improvements. Decoupling tourism water consumption from economic output is currently unattainable.

scholarly journals Sectoral water footprint dynamics: An input-output structural decomposition analysis for Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00041
Author(s):  
Abdelhak Achraf ◽  
Said Boudhar ◽  
Houda Lechheb ◽  
Hicham Ouakil
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Structural Decomposition

Over the last decades, Morocco has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity. To quantify water use in Morocco, we refer to the water footprint (WF) concept, including both direct and indirect water use. WF considered covers internal WF and exported virtual water (VW). We used the input-output structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to quantitatively analyze the drivers of changes in Morocco’s sectoral WF from 1995 to 2015. The considered mechanisms governing WF changes are the technological, economic system efficiency, and structural effects. The WF growth experienced in Morocco primarily resulted from final demand changes. The technological effect acted as an additional increase factor. Nevertheless, the economic system efficiency effect contributed to the water conservation process. Unfortunately, it was not sufficient to reverse the expansion of Morocco’s WF resulted from other driving factors. Agriculture is the dominant economic sector in WF changes, regardless of any driving factor and any period considered. The study provides insight into Morocco’s water policy limits and helps develop policies towards sustainable water resources planning and management. That is by suggesting that final demand structure adjustment and technological innovation in the agricultural sector should be at the center of Morocco’s strategies in addressing water scarcity.

scholarly journals Structural decomposition analysis of Latvian agrifood sector as integral part of global market

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 08007
Author(s):  
Juris Hāzners
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Structural Decomposition ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Impact

Research background: the Latvian agrifood sector is continuously becoming more integrated in global markets. Imports and exports of agricultural commodities grow every year. At the same time, changes in output from agriculture and food processing are moderate. The main factors that can be used to characterize these sectors are employment, gross value added and income. The main causes of the changes of these three factors could be estimated by structural decomposition analysis. Purpose of the article: the objective of the research is the decomposition of the percentage changes over time in employment, gross value added and income in Latvian economy by their source: changes in intensities per unit of output, changes in the intermediate consumption and changes in the final demand structure. Methods: the traditional methods of the Input-Output framework, such as multipliers, elasticities, causative matrices enable the estimation of structural trends in economy sectors. However, they do not provide the share in the total impact of various factors on the changes in the economy. Structural decomposition analysis estimates the relative size of the impact of these factors within the total impact. Findings & Value added: the research results show rather large positive impact of final demand factor on employment, gross value added and income changes in both sectors. The impact of the intensities (reverse factor productivities), in turn, is large and negative. The impact of the intermediate demand is less marked. As the growth in final demand can be attributed solely to increase in export demand, this combined with the growth in labor productivity are the main drivers of employment changes in agriculture. The method can be effectively applied to other variables of interest for which the calculated intensities per unit of output make sense, such as carbon emissions, greenhouse gas emissions or energy input.

scholarly journals Uncovering Household Carbon Footprint Drivers in an Aging, Shrinking Society

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhuo Huang ◽  
Yosuke Shigetomi ◽  
Andrew Chapman ◽  
Ken’ichi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Elderly Households ◽  
The Impact

In order to meet climate change mitigation goals, nations such as Japan need to consider strategies to reduce the impact that lifestyles have on overall emission levels. This study analyzes carbon footprints from household consumption (i.e., lifestyles) using index and structural decomposition analysis for the time period from 1990 to 2005. The analysis identified that households in their 40s and 50s had the highest levels of both direct and indirect CO2 emissions, with decomposition identifying consumption patterns as the driving force behind these emissions and advances in CO2 reduction technology having a reducing effect on lifestyle emissions. An additional challenge addressed by this study is the aging, shrinking population phenomenon in Japan. The increase in the number of few-member and elderly households places upward pressure on emissions as the aging population and declining national birth rate continues. The analysis results offer two mitigatory policy suggestions: the focusing of carbon reduction policies on older and smaller households, and the education of consumers toward low-carbon consumption habits. As the aging, shrinking population phenomenon is not unique to Japan, the findings of this research have broad applications globally where these demographic shifts are being experienced.

The Change of Energy Consumption in China and its Driving Forces

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 739-742
Author(s):  
Yi Cao ◽  
Shui Jun Peng ◽  
Wen Cheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Structural Decomposition ◽  
Key Driver

This paper estimates the changes of industrial embodied energy consumption in China between 1997 and 2007, and applies a structural decomposition analysis (SDA), based on non-competitive (import) input-output tables, to analyze the sources of change of China’s energy consumption from 1997 to 2007. Results show that China’s energy consumption increased sharply, especially after the accession to WTO. The SDA results indicate that the improvement of energy efficiency during 1997-2007 significantly reduced energy consumption in China while the growth of final demand was the key driver of China’s energy consumption. In addition, distribution of final demand with the declining share of consumption and the increasing share of export push energy consumption upward.

Accounting for China's Import Growth: A Structural Decomposition for 1997–2005

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2971-2991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansuo Pei ◽  
Erik Dietzenbacher ◽  
Jan Oosterhaven ◽  
Cuihong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Global Supply Chain ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Vertical Specialization ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Structural Decomposition ◽  
China’S Growth

This paper applies structural decomposition analysis to Chinese input–output tables in order to disentangle and quantify the sources of China's import growth and China's growth in vertical specialization: that is, China's incorporation into the global supply chain. China's exports and the role of processing trade therein have increased substantially in the last decade. Yet, they account for only one third of China's import growth from 1997 to 2005. Instead, the volume growth of China's domestic final demand is found to be most important. Moreover, compared with other countries, the structural change in input–output coefficients and in the commodity composition of domestic final demand turns out to be surprisingly important. Looking only at vertical specialization, it is concluded that more than half of its growth, from 21% in 1997 to 30% in 2005, is due to the growth of China's import ratios.

The carbon footprint of an Australian satellite haemodialysis unit

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan E. K. Lim ◽  
Anthony Perkins ◽  
John W. M. Agar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
National Level ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The State ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. This study aimed to better understand the carbon emission impact of haemodialysis (HD) throughout Australia by determining its carbon footprint, the relative contributions of various sectors to this footprint, and how contributions from electricity and water consumption are affected by local factors. Methods. Activity data associated with HD provision at a 6-chair suburban satellite HD unit in Victoria in 2011 was collected and converted to a common measurement unit of tonnes of CO2 equivalents (t CO2-eq) via established emissions factors. For electricity and water consumption, emissions factors for other Australian locations were applied to assess the impact of local factors on these footprint contributors. Results. In Victoria, the annual per-patient carbon footprint of satellite HD was calculated to be 10.2 t CO2-eq. The largest contributors were pharmaceuticals (35.7%) and medical equipment (23.4%). Throughout Australia, the emissions percentage attributable to electricity consumption ranged from 5.2% to 18.6%, while the emissions percentage attributable to water use ranged from 4.0% to 11.6%. Conclusions. State-by-state contributions of energy and water use to the carbon footprint of satellite HD appear to vary significantly. Performing emissions planning and target setting at the state level may be more appropriate in the Australian context. What is known about the topic? Healthcare provision carries a significant environmental footprint. In particular, conventional HD uses substantial amounts of electricity and water. In the UK, provision of HD and peritoneal dialysis was found to have an annual per-patient carbon footprint of 7.1 t CO2-eq. What does this paper add? This is the first carbon-footprinting study of HD in Australia. In Victoria, the annual per-patient carbon footprint of satellite conventional HD is 10.2 t CO2-eq. Notably, the contributions of electricity and water consumption to the carbon footprint varies significantly throughout Australia when local factors are taken into account. What are the implications for practitioners? We recommend that healthcare providers consider local factors when planning emissions reduction strategies, and target setting should be performed at the state, as opposed to national, level. There is a need for more comprehensive and current emissions data to enable healthcare providers to do so.

Impact Factors of Embodied Carbon on Export Trade - Based on the Research of Liaoning Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 2310-2314
Author(s):  
Yong Hong Jiang ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Structure Effect ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Lmdi Method ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

This paper measures the amount of embodied carbon emissions of export trade in 2002, 2007 and 2012. Then by using LMDI method, it decomposes the impact factors on the measuring result of above years. It comes to a conclusion: the expansion of trade is the main factor that increased the embodied carbon emissions; the development of technology is the main factor that decreased the embodied carbon emissions; trade structure effect plays a limited role.

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