Effects of Load Ratio on Dual-Fuel Engine Operated with Pilot Diesel Fuel and Liquefied Natural Gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 1389-1393
Author(s):  
Qiang Shi ◽  
Chun Hua Zhang ◽  
Yan Chao Cai ◽  
Ju Xiang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Turbocharged Diesel Engine ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Co Emission

In order to study the application of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) on diesel engine, a turbocharged diesel engine was converted into a dual-fuel engine ignited by diesel fuel. The effects of load ratio on fuel economy and emissions of dual-fuel engine were compared and analyzed at engine speed of 1200 r/min, 1600 r/min and 2200 r/min. The experimental results show that, the specific fuel consumption is reduced with the increase of load ratio at different speeds. As the load ratio increases, CO emission of dual-fuel reduces, but it increases slightly at high loads and full load. When the load ratio is less than 40%, HC emission of dual-fuel is reduced significantly with the increase of load, but increases when the load ratio continues to increase, and finally HC emission is stable. When the load ratio is less than 40 %, NOx emission is relatively low, as the load ratio increases, increases sharply, but at high loads and full load, reduces slightly.

A phenomenological combustion analysis of a dual-fuel natural-gas diesel engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuonan Xu ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
Mark Hoffman ◽  
Robert Prucka ◽  
Zoran Filipi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Engine System ◽  
Wiebe Function

Energy security concerns and an abundant supply of natural gas in the USA provide the impetus for engine designers to consider alternative gaseous fuels in the existing engines. The dual-fuel natural-gas diesel engine concept is attractive because of the minimal design changes, the ability to preserve a high compression ratio of the baseline diesel, and the lack of range anxiety. However, the increased complexity of a dual-fuel engine poses challenges, including the knock limit at a high load, the combustion instability at a low load, and the transient response of an engine with directly injected diesel fuel and port fuel injection of compressed natural gas upstream of the intake manifold. Predictive simulations of the complete engine system are an invaluable tool for investigations of these conditions and development of dual-fuel control strategies. This paper presents the development of a phenomenological combustion model of a heavy-duty dual-fuel engine, aided by insights from experimental data. Heat release analysis is carried out first, using the cylinder pressure data acquired with both diesel-only and dual-fuel (diesel and natural gas) combustion over a wide operating range. A diesel injection timing correlation based on the injector solenoid valve pulse widths is developed, enabling the diesel fuel start of injection to be detected without extra sensors on the fuel injection cam. The experimental heat release trends are obtained with a hybrid triple-Wiebe function for both diesel-only operation and dual-fuel operation. The ignition delay period of dual-fuel operation is examined and estimated with a predictive correlation using the concept of a pseudo-diesel equivalence ratio. A four-stage combustion mechanism is discussed, and it is shown that a triple-Wiebe function has the ability to represent all stages of dual-fuel combustion. This creates a critical building block for modeling a heavy-duty dual-fuel turbocharged engine system.

Performance and emissions of an electronic control common-rail diesel engine fuelled with liquefied natural gas-diesel dual-fuel under an optimization control scheme

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (6) ◽  
pp. 1380-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiantong Song ◽  
Chunhua Zhang ◽  
Guoqing Lin ◽  
Quanchang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Optimization Control

In order to reduce the fuel consumption and hydrocarbon and CO emissions of liquefied natural gas-diesel dual-fuel engines under light loads, an optimization control scheme, in which the dual-fuel engine runs in original diesel mode under light loads, is used in this paper. The performance and exhaust emissions of the dual-fuel engine and the original diesel engine are compared and analyzed by bench tests of an electronic control common-rail diesel engine. Experimental results show that the brake-specific fuel consumption and hydrocarbon and CO emissions of the liquefied natural gas-diesel dual-fuel engine are not deteriorated under light loads. Compared with diesel, the brake power and torque of dual-fuel remain unchanged, the brake-specific fuel consumption decreases, and the smoke density and CO2 emissions of dual-fuel decrease, while the hydrocarbon and CO emissions increase, and there is no significant difference in NOx emissions.

Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of Fuelling a Diesel Engine with Liquefied Petroleum Gases

2014 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Cristian Nutu ◽  
Constantin Pana ◽  
Alexandru Dobre ◽  
Niculae Negurescu ◽  
Alexandru Cernat
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Alternative Solutions

The severe legislation regarding pollution from actual time determine us to find new alternative solutions for diesel engine fuelling. This paper objective is the use of LPG as alternative fuel at a diesel engine in the purpose of pollutant emissions level decreasing in general and especially of NOx and smoke emissions. Is difficult to use LPG as single fuel at the diesel engine because it has an high auto ignition endurance (CN = -3). There are many fuelling methods of the diesel engine with LPG, but the authors of this paper used the diesel-gas method for a 1,5 l engine fuelling. The research followed the establishment of the optimal LPG cyclic dose and the diesel engine adjustments for different engine operating regimen. The paper presents results of some theoretical and experimental investigations of the LPG fuelled diesel engine. Three substitute ratios of diesel fuel with LPG were taken into account for full load and 2000 rpm engine speed. Thus, the NOx emissions decreased with 20-28 % for different substitute ratios of diesel fuel with LPG. The smoke emission decreased with 35-47% for same substitute ratios. LPG fuelling represents a very good solution for a cleaner environment.

Effects of Substitution Ratio on the Emission Characteristics of a Dual-Fuel Engine Fueled with Pilot Diesel Fuel and Methanol

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
Ya Chong Shen ◽  
Chun Hua Zhang ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Jia Wang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Turbocharged Diesel Engine ◽  
Intake Pipe ◽  
Substitution Ratio ◽  
Hc Emissions

Substitution ratio is an important parameter influencing on the performance of dual-fuel engine. In order to study the effects of substitution ratio on the emission characteristics of diesel/ methanol dual-fuel engine, a 6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine was converted into a dual-fuel engine fueled with pilot diesel fuel and methanol. Methanol was injected into the intake pipe and ignited by pilot diesel fuel. Experiments were performed at a constant speed of 1400 r/min, and at three different engine loads of 40%, 60% and 100%. The experimental results indicate that CO and HC emissions of dual-fuel mode both increase significantly with the increase of substitution ratio, and are higher than those of diesel mode. Compared to diesel mode, dual-fuel mode generates lower NOx and smoke emissions. In addition, as substitution ratio increases, NOx and smoke emissions are decreased.

Natural Gas Fueling of a Caterpillar 3406 Diesel Engine

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Doughty ◽  
S. R. Bell ◽  
K. C. Midkiff
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
High Load ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Turbocharged Diesel Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Load Power ◽  
High Speeds

A Caterpillar 3406 turbocharged diesel engine was converted to operate in a natural gas with diesel pilot ignition mode and was evaluated for performance and emission characteristics for both diesel and natural gas operation. Full-load power was achieved with natural gas fueling without knock. Similar fuel efficiencies were obtained with natural gas fueling at high loads, but efficiencies were lower for low loads. Bosch smoke numbers were reduced by over 50 percent with natural gas fueling for all cases investigated. NOx emissions were found to be lower at low loads and at high speeds under high load. CO emissions were significantly increased for natural gas fueling while CO2 concentrations in the exhaust were reduced for natural gas fueling.

Effects of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Injector Position on Intake Manifold towards Diesel-CNG Dual Fuel (DDF) Engine Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Supee ◽  
R. Mohsin ◽  
Z. A. Majid ◽  
M. I. Raiz
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

In Diesel-CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) Dual Fuel (DDF) system, CNG is generally inducted in the intake manifold by CNG injector which is mounted on the intake manifold whereas diesel fuel is directly injected into engine cylinder using existing diesel fuel injector system. Status quo of optimum CNG injector position on intake manifold will  provide better gaseous fuel mixing quality, produce high turbulence kinetic energy and thus improve the performance of the diesel engine under DDF system. Thus, under full load condition at 2750 rpm, the engine performance and exhaust gas emissions tests such as nitric oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) were conducted on a diesel engine under DDF system for optimization of CNG injector position. Four CNG injector position on intake manifold were selected and optimum position of CNG injector was found to be at "position 2" which results in higher power output and less exhaust gas emissions. Further analysis by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) shows that CNG injector at "position 2" exhibit better quality of homogeneous CNG-air mixture and higher turbulence kinetic energy compared to other position. Based on the findings, an optimization of CNG injector position on intake manifold provide promising modification method due to the simple, cheaper and commercially acceptable.

Experimental Investigations on a Compressed Natural Gas Operated Dual Fuel Engine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kapilan ◽  
Chandramohan Somayaji ◽  
P. Mohanan ◽  
R. P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Performance And Emissions

In the present work, an attempt has been made for the effective utilization of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in diesel engine. A four stroke, single cylinder diesel engine was modified to work on dual fuel mode. The effect of CNG flow rate and Exhaust Gas Recirclulation (EGR) on the performance and emissions of the dual fuel engine was studied. The variables considered for the tests were different CNG flow rates (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 kg/hr), EGR (0 %, 4.28 %, 6.63 % and 8.12 %) and loads (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % of full load). From the test results, it was observed that the EGR rate of 4.28 % results in better brake thermal efficiency and lower CO and NOx emissions than other ERG rates at 25 %, 50% and 75% of full loads. At full load, EGR rate of 8.12 % results in higher brake thermal efficiency and lower NOx emissions.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Intake Charge Temperature, Pilot Fuel Quantity and Injection Advance on Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine Performance Characteristics and Emitted Pollutants

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roussos G. Papagiannakis ◽  
Theodoros C. Zannis ◽  
Elias A. Yfantis ◽  
Dimitrios T. Hountalas
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Pilot Fuel

The simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions and particulate matter in a compression ignition environment is quite difficult due to the soot/NOx trade off and it is often accompanied by fuel consumption penalties. Thus, fuel reformulation is also essential for the curtailment of diesel pollutant emissions along with the optimization of combustion-related design factors and exhaust after-treatment equipment. Various solutions have been proposed for improving the combustion process of conventional diesel engines and reducing the exhaust emissions without making serious modifications on the engine, one of which is the use of natural gas as a supplement for the conventional diesel fuel (Dual Fuel Natural Gas/Diesel Engines). Natural gas is considered to be quite promising since its cost is relative lower compared to conventional fuels and it has high auto-ignition temperature compared to other gaseous fuels facilitating thus its use on future and existing fleet of small high speed direct injection diesel engines without serious modifications on their structure. Moreover, natural gas does not generate particulates when burned in engines. The most common natural gas/diesel operating mode is referred to as the Pilot Ignited Natural Gas Diesel Engine (P.I.N.G.D.E). Here, the primary fuel is natural gas that controls the engine power output, while the pilot diesel fuel injected near the end of the compression stroke autoignites and creates ignition sources for the surrounding gaseous fuel mixture to be burned. Previous research studies have shown that the main disadvantage of this dual fuel combustion is its negative impact on engine efficiency compared to the normal diesel operation, while carbon monoxide emissions are also increased. The specific engine operating mode, in comparison with conventional diesel fuel operation, suffers from low brake engine efficiency and high carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. The influence becomes more evident at part load conditions. Intake charge temperature, pilot fuel quantity and injection advance are some of the engine parameters which influence significantly the combustion mechanism inside the combustion chamber of a Pilot Ignited Natural Gas Diesel Engine. In order to be examined the effect of these parameters on performance and exhaust emissions of a natural gas/diesel engine a theoretical investigation has been conducted by using a numerical simulation. In order to be examined the effect of increased air inlet temperature combined with increased pilot fuel quantity and its injection timing on performance and exhaust emissions of a pilot ignited natural gas-diesel engine, a theoretical investigation has been conducted by using a comprehensive two-zone phenomenological model. The results concerning engine performance characteristics and NO, CO and Soot emissions for various engine operating conditions (i.e. load and engine speed), comes from the employment of a comprehensive two-zone phenomenological model which had been applied on a high-speed natural gas/diesel engine. The main objectives of this comparative assessment are to record and to comparatively evaluate the relative impact each one of the above mentioned parameters on engine performance characteristics and emitted pollutants. Furthermore, the present investigation deals with the determining of optimum combinations between the parameters referred before since at high engine load conditions, the simultaneous increase some of the specific parameters may lead in undesirable results about engine performance characteristics. The conclusions of the specific investigation will be extremely valuable for the application of this technology on existing DI diesel engines.

HIGH-RESPONSE COMPLEX FOR ANALYZING DROPLETS AND VAPORS IN AEROSOL CLOUDS FORMED IN THE ATMOSPHEREDUE TO LIQUID DISPERSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. ZAGNIT'KO ◽  
◽  
N. P. ZARETSKIY ◽  
I. D. MATSUKOV ◽  
V. V. PIMENOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
High Response ◽  
Liquid Dispersion ◽  
Diagnostic Complex ◽  
Response Complex

The high-response diagnostic complex for remote control and analyses of droplets and vapors of mazut, oil, gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel and liquefied natural gas in the clouds and turbulent aerosolflows in the atmosphere with volume up to 107 m3 is described.

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