Biofuels, Hybrid and Mitigations of Greenhouse Gases Emissions: Scenario Perspective for Algerian Transport Sector by 2050

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Kamel Bencheikh ◽  
Noureddine Settou
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Transition Policy

The expanding and highly greedy Algerian transport sector is totally depending on petro-products, due to the rising numbers of automobile fleets and the excessive dependence on road transportation. Irrecoverable Greenhouse gases GHGs emitted by this sector are constantly increasing. As a result, consumption of diesel and gasoline reached record levels. Consequently, there is a strong need of cleaner, eco-friendly and economically viable alternative fuels. Biofuels, electric, compressed natural gas CNG, liquefied petroleum gas LGP vehicles, are expected to play a crucial role in meeting energy and environmental policies targets. In this paper, the Algerian transport sector perspectives and Greenhouse gases mitigations, in different shaped scenarios based on semi-empirical models, are analyzed and discussed. For adequate policy shaped in a scenario, in 2050, annual Algerian consumption could decrease up to 35%, 43% of CO2 emissions and 73% of NOx emissions could be mitigated compared to no-intervention scenario. These promising findings indicate the huge potential of resource diversification on the transportation sector. Therefore, implementing such policies is fundamental for a durable Algerian’s transportation sector transition policy.

scholarly journals Estimation of Greenhouse Gases Emission from Road Transportation in Yogyakarta City

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Qorry Nugrahayu ◽  
Raditya Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Yogyakarta City

The use of vehicles in Yogyakarta City is quite a lot. Fuelcombustion in the vehicle produces some greenhouse gases emissions suchas Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrogen Dioxide. This causes thetransportation sector to become one of the largest greenhouse gasesemission contributors. This research is aimed to calculate the greenhousegases emission (Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Methane) from theroad transportation sector in Yogyakarta City using IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Tier 1 and activity data in2015. The result of this research showed that the greenhouse gasesemissions produced in Yogyakarta City for the gasoline fuel and the dieselfuel in 2015 are 236.061 Gg CO2eq /year and 31.807 Gg CO2eq /year. These cause the total greenhouse gases emission from the roadtransportation sector in Yogyakarta City to become 267.868 Gg CO2 eq/year.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing CO2 Emissions and Strategies for Emissions Reduction in Malaysian Transportation Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapa S.I ◽  
Bekhet H.A
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Impact

The rapid urbanisation and economic growth has led to unprecedented increase in CO2 emissions, which led to a vital global issue due partly to the rise in demand from the transport sector. In the years ahead, the transport services demand is likely to increase further, which lead to intensification in CO2 emissions as well. The transportation sector in Malaysia contributes for about 28% of total CO2 emissions, of which 85% of it goes to road transportation mode. This has led to a great interest in how the CO2 emissions in this sector can effectively be reduced. Using a multiple regression model and datasets from 1990 to 2015, this study aimed to examine factors that influence the CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Key factors of CO2 emissions, i.e., fuel consumption (FC), distance travel (DT), fuel efficiency (FE), and fuel price (FP) were investigated for the road transport sector. The findings demonstrated that the impact of factors on CO2 emissions were varies in each technology vehicles. These findings not only contributes to enhancing the current literature, but also provide insights for policy maker in Malaysia to design policy instruments for road transport sector.

Risk Assessment of the Paris Climate Agreement Ratification for the Transport Complex of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Юрий Трофименко ◽  
Yuri Trofimenko ◽  
В. Комков ◽  
V. Komkov
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Transport Complex

The key topics of the Paris Agreement on climate change prevention by way of greenhouse gases emissions regulation, and the risks for the transport industry in case of this agreement ratification have been considered. Using the developed methodology and forecast assessments of the number and structures of vehicle fleets and transport work, has been carried out the assessment of potential reduction for greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions by all means of transport for the period up to 2030, and measures to this reduction achievement. It has been established that GHG emissions by transport in 2030 can be reduced in comparison with 2015 from 286.0 to 261.2…282.0 million tons of CO2-eq. that is 20…26% more than in 1990. To achieve the target level of GHG emissions by transport in 2030 (70…75% of the 1990 level) is possible only if the entire car fleet of Russia (66.3…73.6 million units) will consist by half of hybrid vehicles and by half of electric ones. The main measures for reaching the stabilization path of GHG emission volumes by the transport complex, and then reducing these volumes by 5…12% in 2030 are follows: introduction of a carbon-based transport tax on all types of vehicles; introduction and tightening of specific (per unit mileage) standards for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of single vehicles; measures for substitution of transport whose age exceeds 10 … 15 years, by electric cars, hybrids, and vehicles that run on alternative fuels, the use of carbon-free transports in the vehicle fleet. The formed system of GHG emissions regulation should foresee a differentiated approach to various sectors of the economy (taking into account objective differences in their development level, and technological possibilities on GHG emissions reducing), and should not thwart goals of intensive development for economy with gross domestic product growth rates exceeding the world average ones.

scholarly journals Analysis of alternative motor-vehicle fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (5) ◽  
pp. 052005
Author(s):  
M A Kovaleva ◽  
V G Shram ◽  
T N Vinichenko ◽  
E G Kravtsova ◽  
D G Slashchinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Market Expansion

Abstract In this paper, the analysis of alternative fuels is carried out: electricity, hydrogen, biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas), solar energy, compressed air, gas engine fuel (compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas). The advantages and disadvantages of their use are indicated according to the criteria of environmental safety, cost, and infrastructure development. It is revealed that at the moment, gas-engine fuel, in particular liquefied petroleum gas and compressed natural gas, is most suitable for the transfer of the fleet. The economic and environmental effect of the market expansion is associated with the high environmental friendliness of this type of fuel, low price, large natural reserves, the development of the petrochemical industry of the country, the reduction of financial costs for the repair and reconstruction of physically and morally outdated oil refining and liquid fuel production enterprises, promising technical and technological solutions to transport problems.

PROGRAM ’KONVERSI MINYAK TANAH KE LPG’ SEBAGAI SUATU TEHNIK PENGURANGAN EMISI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Suarna
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Production Ratio ◽  
Transportation Sector

The goal of Government Policy on converting the utilization of kerosene to LPG is to reduce kerosene consumption and fuel oil subsidy. As kerosene has higher pollutants and greenhouse gases emissions rather than LPG, the program also has impact on reducing those emissions that would lead to improving indoor air quality. Higher energy efficiency of LPG stove and more reserve production ratio (R/P) of gas can be attributed to the advantages of utilization of LPG. Indirectly, the conversion kerosene to LPG has another impact on reducing illegal blending between gasoline or diesel with kerosene for transportation sector. The program not only has economical advantages, but also has environmental advantages.Key words: LPG, kerosene, fuel oil subsidy, energy efficiency, indoor air quality

scholarly journals Assessment of Greenhouse Gases and Pollutant Emissions in the Road Freight Transport Sector: A Case Study for São Paulo State, Brazil

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Gerber Machado ◽  
Ana Carolina Rodrigues Teixeira ◽  
Flavia Mendes de Almeida Collaço ◽  
Adam Hawkes ◽  
Dominique Mouette
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Road ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
São Paulo State

This study analyzes the road freight sector of São Paulo state to identify the best options to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and local pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons. Additionally, the investment cost of each vehicle is also analyzed. Results show that electric options, including hybrid, battery, and hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicles represent the best options to reduce pollutants and greenhouse gases emissions concomitantly, but considerable barriers for their deployment are still in place. With little long-term planning on the state level, electrification of the transport system, in combination with increased renewable electricity generation, would require considerable financial support to achieve the desired emissions reductions without increasing energy insecurity.

scholarly journals GAS SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF PADA PENGERAK KAPAL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwanto ◽  
Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Household Sector ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Gas Fuel

<p>Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) usage is liquefied petroleum gas which being melted by adding pressure and lowering the temperature, then the gas will turn into liquid. Butane (C4H10) and propane (C3H8) are the dominating components. The need for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) especially for the household sector is more effective when using the complement of 3 kg of LPG. Gas fuel for transportations is more suitable when using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), which is a compressed natural gas as gas fuel. It is considered cleaner and environment friendly than gasoline and diesel fuel because of the gas emissions waste. This CNG is made by compressing methane (CN4) extracted from natural gas then stored and distributed in a pressure pneumatic. Gas for fuel will increase the engine workload, so it tends to increase the consumption of the fuel. However, the gas low pressure on the transportation sector can decrease the compression on the machines. It will reduce the capital up to 50%.</p><p><strong><em>Keywords :</em><em> Gas, Alternative, Ship’s Propulsion</em></strong></p><p> </p><p>Pemakain Gas Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)  yaitu gas minyak bumi yang dicairkan  dengan menambah tekanan dan menurunkan suhunya, gas akan berubah menjadi cair. Butana (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>) dan Propana (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>) merupakan komponen yang mendominasi.  Kebutuhan akan (LPG) khususnya untuk sektor rumah tangga efektif  mengunakan sebagai komplemen LPG 3 Kg. Sedangkan Bahan Bakar Gas untuk  sektor  transportasi darat dan transportasi laut lebih tepat mengunakan Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) yaitu merupakan Gas Alam yang terkompresi sebagai bahan bakar gas (BBG) yang  diangap lebih bersih jika dibandingkan dua bahan bakar minyak yaitu bensin dan solar karena emisi gas buangnya yang ramah lingkungan. CNG ini dibuat dengan  melakukan kompresi metana (CH<sub>4</sub>) yang diekstrak dari gas alam yang disimpan dan didistribusikan dalam bejana tekan. Bahan bakar gas sektor transportasi akan menambah beban mesin sehinga akan cenderung meningkatkan konsumsi specifik bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor. Namun demikian tekanan kerja Bahan Bakar Gas sektor transportasi rendah sehingga dapat menurunkan  kompresi pada mesin, maka  akan menekan biaya operasinal sampai 50%.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci  : <em>Bahan Bakar Gas, Compressed Natural Gas, Energy</em></strong></p>

Achieving reductions in greenhouse gases in the US road transportation sector

Energy Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 536-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew I. Kay ◽  
Robert B. Noland ◽  
Caroline J. Rodier
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Research on the Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Emissions to the Enrichment in Carbon of the Iron Powders

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Christian Ghermec ◽  
Mariana Ciobanu ◽  
Ionela Gabriela Bucse
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Iron Powder ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Iron Powders ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions

The steels elaborated through proceedings that are specific to powder metallurgy have as raw material the iron powder which is enriched in carbon through various proceedings: carburizing in a methane-bearing atmosphere or in a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-bearing atmosphere, with the addition of synthetic cementite. In order to be developed as environment friendly technologies, there are made researches in order to reduce GHG emissions.

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