Compressed Natural Gas and Liquefied Petroleum Gas as Alternative Fuels

1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massoum Moussavi ◽  
Motasem Al‐Turk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas

scholarly journals Analysis of alternative motor-vehicle fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (5) ◽  
pp. 052005
Author(s):  
M A Kovaleva ◽  
V G Shram ◽  
T N Vinichenko ◽  
E G Kravtsova ◽  
D G Slashchinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Market Expansion

Abstract In this paper, the analysis of alternative fuels is carried out: electricity, hydrogen, biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas), solar energy, compressed air, gas engine fuel (compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas). The advantages and disadvantages of their use are indicated according to the criteria of environmental safety, cost, and infrastructure development. It is revealed that at the moment, gas-engine fuel, in particular liquefied petroleum gas and compressed natural gas, is most suitable for the transfer of the fleet. The economic and environmental effect of the market expansion is associated with the high environmental friendliness of this type of fuel, low price, large natural reserves, the development of the petrochemical industry of the country, the reduction of financial costs for the repair and reconstruction of physically and morally outdated oil refining and liquid fuel production enterprises, promising technical and technological solutions to transport problems.

The Performance Analysis of LPG as the Vehicle Fuel

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Long Ding ◽  
Jing Ping Si ◽  
Guo Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Gas Fuel

As the global shortage of oil resources and the rapid increase in car ownership, using gas as the alternative fuel is getting more and more important. Gas fuel, such as CNG (compressed natural gas)/LNG (liquefied natural gas) and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), with resource-rich, less pollution and other features, are desirable alternative fuels for cars. Through engine bench test, a comparative analysis of power performance between LPG-single fuel engine and gasoline engine was done. The result shows that, by applying LPG injection on single-fuel engine, the power of the LPG engine increases to a higher level than gasoline engines. And combined with the analysis based on the study of domestic development of NGV, predictions could be made that new fuel vehicles will be well utilized in future.

Radon concentration in compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas and its release range in residential houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Abbasi ◽  
Hesham M.H. Zakaly ◽  
Mahmoud M. Hessien
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Active Method

Abstract Radon (222Rn) exposure in the environment is an important issue, and many pathways exist for radon exposure to humans. One of these pathways is 222Rn release through the consumption of natural gas. The issues of 222Rn concentration measurement techniques and worldwide concentration distribution were reviewed in natural gas, with emphasis on performing an active method to determine 222Rn concentration in LPG and CNG gases used in Cyprus. The obtained results were compared with 222Rn concentration in natural gas worldwide and UNSCEAR reports. The average 222Rn concentration value in LPG gas was observed higher than CNG gas. Also, the 222Rn concentration in LPG and CNG gases was less than the UNSCEAR reported value.

Comparative assessment of engine vibration, combustion, performance and emission characteristics between single and twin-cylinder diesel engines in unifuel and dual-fuel mode

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Akash Chandrabhan Chandekar ◽  
Sushmita Deka ◽  
Biplab K. Debnath ◽  
Ramesh Babu Pallekonda
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Engine Vibration ◽  
Single Cylinder Engine

Abstract The persistent efforts among the researchers are being done to reduce emissions by the exploration of different alternative fuels. The application of alternative fuel is also found to influence engine vibration. The present study explores the potential connection between the change of the engine operating parameters and the engine vibration pattern. The objective is to analyse the effect of alternative fuel on engine vibration and performance. The experiments are performed on two different engines of single cylinder and twin-cylinder variants at the load range of 0 to 34Nm, with steps of 6.8Nm and at the constant speed of 1500rpm. The single cylinder engine, fuelled with only diesel mode, is tested at two compression ratios of 16.5 and 17.5. While, the twin-cylinder engine with a constant compression ratio of 16.5, is tested at both diesel unifuel and diesel-compressed natural gas dual-fuel modes. Further, in dual-fuel mode, tests are conducted with compressed natural gas substitutions of 40%, 60% and 80% for given loads and speed. The engine vibration signatures are measured in terms of root mean square acceleration, representing the amplitude of vibration. The combustion parameters considered are cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, heat release rate and ignition delay. At higher loads, the vibration amplitude increases along with the cylinder pressure. The maximum peak cylinder pressure of 95bar is found in the case of the single cylinder engine at the highest load condition that also produced a peak vibration of 3219m/s2.

Risk-Based Technology Method for the Safety Assessment of Marine Compressed Natural Gas Fuel Systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 193-207
Author(s):  
Robb Wilcox ◽  
Mark Burrows ◽  
Sujit Ghosh ◽  
Bilal M. Ayyub
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
System Safety ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Marine Application ◽  
Marine Vessels

The introduction of alternative fuels (other than diesel oil or gasoline) for some commercially operated marine vessels presents a problem to marine regulators and designers since accepted standards and U.S. Coast Guard policy have not been established. Establishing safe design criteria is a common problem with the introduction of new technologies, novel concepts, and complex systems. In order to determine design safety for novel marine concepts such as compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel, a formal system safety approach may be used. Risk-based technologies (RBT) provide techniques to facilitate the proactive evaluation of system safety through risk assessment, risk control, risk management, and risk communication. The proposed outfitting of a CNG fuel system on the Kings Pointer training vessel is discussed as a specific marine application of CNG fuel and an appropriate situation for applying system safety techniques.

Optimum Combustion Chamber Geometry for a Compression Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Run Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrul Azmir Osman ◽  
Ahmad Jais Alimin ◽  
V.S. Liong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
The Impact

The use of natural gas as an alternative fuels are motivated from the impact in deteriorating quality of air and the energy shortage from petroleum products. Through retrofitting, CI engine runs on CNG, will be able to reduce the negative impact mainly on the use of petroleum products. However, this required the modification of the combustion chamber geometry by reducing the compression ratio to value that suits combustion of CNG. In this present studies, four different shapes and geometries of combustion chamber were designed and simulate using CFD package powered by Ansys workbench, where k-ε turbulence model was used to predict the flow in the combustion chamber. The results of turbulence kinetic energy, velocity vectors and streamline are presented. The enhancement of air-fuel mixing inside the engine cylinder can be observed, where the design with re-entrance and lower center projection provide better results compared to other combustion geometries designs.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EMISSION CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOGAS AND CONVENTIONAL COOKING GAS IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Titus Adegboye ◽  
Iyiola Oluwaleye
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Mix

Household fuel refers to any material that is used to produce heat or power by burning. Some of the household fuel used in Nigeria includes: biomass, charcoal, kerosene, CNG (Compressed natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), electricity. Biogas is relatively new and emerging as a viable option. In this study, biogas was produced using cow dung and the emission characterization of biogas and that of LPG was compared using a Gasboard model 5020H gas analyzer. Results of biogas emission is as follows; CO: 0.01%Vol , CO2: 0.14 %Vol, HC: 0010 ppm, NOx: 0002 ppm while LPG gives the following; CO: 0.30%Vol , CO2: 1.88 %Vol, HC: 0003 ppm, NOx: 0007 ppm. Recommendation was made for the inclusion of biogas in Nigeria energy mix because of its relatively better emission.

scholarly journals Alternative Fuel Use in Iraq: A way to Reduce Air Pollution

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jafaar A. Kadhem ◽  
Khalid Sadiq Reza ◽  
Wahab K. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Methods Of Operation

The Iraq air is polluted highly by pollutants emitted from automobiles and trucks as well as power stations. This pollution resource is well known it is the burning of oil and natural gas. Iraq has been subjected to a series of wars and economic blockade for more than 40 continuing years. The war and blockade conditions have affected all the country's infrastructure causing huge deterioration in the services provided to Iraqi citizens. The Iraqi refineries as well have been subjected to major destruction and reconstruction several times. Unfortunately, the reconstruction in Iraq conditions was not in appropriate level, and for that reason we find the Iraqi gasoline and diesel are one of the worst fuels in the world. All reports demonstrated that the Iraqi gasoline contains high levels of sulfur (500ppm), as well as high levels of lead compounds to increase octane. The Iraqi diesel contains sulfur up to 1 to 2.5% of its weight which makes it the worst globally.In Iraq there are many alternative fuels that generate better engine performance and emit lower exhaust pollutants while improving fuel consumption. This paper reviews some of the Iraqi experimental work during the past ten years and the available results about using gaseous fuels such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and hydrogen. In addition, the study focus on the use of some additives to gasoline and diesel, such as alcohols and biofuels to reduce the effects of sulfur associated with these types of fuel. The Iraqi research works have found many solutions and alternative methods of operation to eliminate the various engines emitted pollutants. The role has now come to the decision makers to legislate the laws and decisions necessary to switch to new types of alternative fuels.

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