Analysis of the Resorption of Calcium Phosphate Cement by Using High-Resolution X-Ray 3-D CT

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Masashi Mukaida ◽  
Masashi Neo ◽  
Y. Mizuta ◽  
Yasushi Ikeda ◽  
Takashi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
One Year

High resolution X-ray CT is a powerful means for analyzing comprehensive ceramic biomaterials in a living body. The benefit of this method is that morphological and volume changes of implant materials can be evaluated without retrieve of the implant in an animal body, resulting in no killing of the animals and long term evaluation even more than one year. In this study, in situ techniques for observation of calcium phosphate cement is developed. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was implanted into a femur and under skin of a rat. The volume and morphology change of the CPC were repeatedly measured using the same rat for more than 12 months. The 3-dimentional (3-D) structures of the CPC were imaged and reconstructed from hundreds of 2-D cross sectional CT images, which were obtained at one time by a 360 degree rotation of the sample. The structure of the CPC was visualized with 3-D, and the volume were numerically analyzed by using a 3-D structure analyzing computer software, which enabled two-value processing and estimation of the quantities of the CPC. Moreover some of the CPC samples were retrieved and were observed by SEM. In the results, the surface of the calcium phosphate cement changed from smooth to jagged with increasing implanted period. The CPC volume implanted into bone was gradually decreased with increasing implanted period. The volume loss was 8 % after 12 months. The CPC volume under skin after 1 month increased by 7 %. After that the volume gradually decreased in next 3 months. Absorption process of CPC in a rat will be discussed.

Analysis of the Resorption of Calcium Phosphate Cement by Using High-Resolution X-Ray 3-D CT

2005 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Masashi Mukaida ◽  
Masashi Neo ◽  
Y. Mizuta ◽  
Yasushi Ikeda ◽  
Takashi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
X Ray

Fabrication and evaluation of calcium phosphate cement scaffold with controlled internal channel architecture and complex shape

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Li ◽  
D Li ◽  
B Lu ◽  
L Wang ◽  
Z Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Internal Channel ◽  
Channel Architecture

The ability to have precise control over internal channel architecture, porosity, and external shape is essential for tissue engineering. The feasibility of using indirect stereo-lithography (SL) to produce scaffolds from calcium phosphate cement materials for bone tissue engineering has been investigated. The internal channel architecture of the scaffolds was created by removal of the negative resin moulds made with SL. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed highly open, well-interconnected channel architecture. The X-ray diffraction examination revealed that the hydroxyapatite phase formed at room temperature in the cement was basically stable up to 850 °C. There was no phase decomposition of hydroxyapatite, although the crystallinity and grain size were different. The ability of resulting structure to support osteoblastic cells culture was tested in vitro. Cells were evenly distributed on exterior surfaces and grew into the internal channels of scaffolds. To exploit the ability of this technique, anatomically shaped femoral supracondylar scaffolds with 300-800 μm interconnected channels were produced and characterized.

Effect of Substrate Temperature on Properties of Nano-Scale Functionally Graded Calcium Phosphate Coatings

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Blalock ◽  
Xiao Bai ◽  
Afsaneh Rabiei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Coatings

The effect of substrate temperature and processing parameters on microstructure and crystallinity of calcium phosphate coatings deposited on heated substrates in an Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) system are being studied. The experimental procedures include mechanical testing and film thickness measurements using bonding strength and profilometery. Cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) through the thickness of the film as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX at the top surface of the film was performed to evaluate the microstructure of the film. The coating crystallinity was studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The information gained from current analysis on the set temperature coatings will be used to refine the processing techniques of the Functionally Graded Hydroxyapatite (FGHA) coating.

Microstructure - Roughness Interelation in Ru/C and Ru/B4C X-RAY Multilayers

1992 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai D. Nguyen ◽  
Ronald Gronsky ◽  
Jeffrey B. Kortricht
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Diffuse Component ◽  
Interfacial Roughness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specular Scattering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hrtem Observation

ABSTRACTX-ray specular and non-specular scattering, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were performed to study the evolution of the microstructures and interfacial roughness in Ru/C and RU/B4C multilayers upon annealing. The microstructure of the approximately 1.4 nm thick Ru layers in the as-prepared 3.5 nm period multilayers is predominantly amorphous. The Ru layers in the Ru/B4C multilayer show RuB2nano-crystallites after annealing at 600°C for one hour, while those in the Ru/C multilayer crystallize to form hexagonal Ru crystallites. Cross-sectional HRTEM of the annealed Ru/C multilayer also shows agglomeration of the Ru layers. Non-specular measurements of the Ru/C multilayers indicate an enhanced uncorrelated roughness upon annealing. The diffuse component in the as-prepared and annealed RU/B4C multilayers shows insignificant changes. The increase in interfacial roughness in the Ru/C multilayer results from agglomeration of the Ru after annealing, consistent with HRTEM observation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance to fragmentation of injectable calcium-phosphate cement paste using X-ray microcomputed tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei NAGATA ◽  
Kei FUJIOKA ◽  
Toshiisa KONISHI ◽  
Michiyo HONDA ◽  
Masaki NAGAYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Microcomputed Tomography ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Setting Characteristics and High Compressive Strength of an Anti-washout, Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement Combined with Thermosensitive Hydrogel

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5779
Author(s):  
Yao Xie ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Shu Cai ◽  
Xiaogang Bao ◽  
Qianqian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Hydration Product ◽  
Thermosensitive Hydrogel ◽  
Early Hydration ◽  
X Ray

In this work, a thermosensitive poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) hydrogel was introduced into calcium phosphate cement (CPC) to enhance the anti-washout property of CPC. The effects of the hydrogel on the setting time, injectability, anti-washout property and compressive strength of CPC were thoroughly investigated. The results showed that the hydrogel significantly increased the injectability and anti-washout property of CPC, meanwhile maintained the setting time with an acceptable range. Moreover, the hydrogel improved the initial compressive strength of CPC. The composite cement with 20% v/v hydrogel in the liquid phase showed fine crystals of hydration product, a more compact microstructure and lower porosity compared with control CPC. The analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that suitable volume ratio of hydrogel (20% v/v) in the setting liquid of CPC could promote the formation of hydroxyapatite in the early hydration period. The degradation behavior of the cement was characterized by immersion tests in simulated body fluid. The hydrogel had no adverse effect on the degradation rate of CPC over the immersion period of 23 days. This study indicated that incorporating PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel could be a promising strategy to reinforce the handing properties and initial compressive strength of calcium phosphate cement.

Heterostructural Characterization of Pseudomorphic, Partially Strained, and Highly Mismatched Semiconductors Using Double Crystal X-Ray Diffraction, TEM, and SEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Mun Kim ◽  
Sang-Gi Kim ◽  
Sahn Nahm ◽  
Hyung-Ho Park ◽  
Hae-Kwon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Strain Relaxation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gaas Sample ◽  
Double Crystal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Broadening

ABSTRACTHeterostructural properties of pseudomorphic (AlGaAs/GaAs), partially strained (GaInAs/GaAs), and highly strained (GaAs/Si) semiconductor systems have been studied using High Resolution Double-Crystal X-ray Diffraction (DXRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Using the high resolution DXRD with CuKα1 and two-reflection Si (220) monochromator, we obtained (004) symmetric and (115) or (224) asymmetric reflection rocking curves for samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy. With 0.5 μm thick samples, perpendicular and in-plane lattice mismatches were calculated using elastic theory and compared with each other. The different degree of relaxation for these samples was observed and correlated with the lattice mismatch, X-ray layer peak broadening (i.e., full width at half maximum), and SEM surface morphology. For a GaInAs/GaAs sample, the strain relaxation along one of the <110> directions was more than the other direction, that is, the strain relaxation is not isotrophic. Also we observed that the lines were mainly parallel in one direction, i.e., they did not form a cross-hatch pattern. TEM images from both cross-sectional and planar views of the samples will be presented.

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