Surface Hardening of Aluminium-Copper Alloy 2011 by RF Plasma Nitriding Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 1097-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiraporn Pongsopa ◽  
Pattama Visuttpitukul ◽  
Boonchoat Paosawatyanyong
Keyword(s):  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Nitriding Process ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Aluminium Copper

In this work, an inductively-coupled rf plasma reactor was utilized in the nitriding process for surface hardness improvement of aluminium-copper alloy 2011. Substrate bias at 400V was used in the pre-sputtering step to eliminate the aluminium oxide on the samples. Plasma nitriding was carried out in a N2-H2 admixture at total pressure of 1 torr. The process length was varied from 9 to 36 hours while the input rf power and substrate temperature were varied from 100 to 300 W and kept at 400 oC, respectively. A negative bias voltage up to 400 V was used in the nitriding process. Glancing incident-angle x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) results showed the hexagonal crystal structure of AlN on samples. The roughness increased slightly when the voltage increase up to 400V and was investigated by Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM). Electron Probe Microscopy Analysis (EPMA) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) were used to detect the N atoms in specimens. Significant increases of surface hardness are observed after plasma nitriding.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AMOUNT ON TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF PLASMA NITRIDED 31CrMoV9 STEEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1850217 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. ÇOMAKLI ◽  
A. F. YETIM ◽  
B. KARACA ◽  
A. ÇELIK
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Compound Layer ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pin On Disk

The 31CrMoV9 steels were plasma nitrided under different gas mixture ratios to investigate an influence of nitrogen amount on wear behavior. The structure, mechanical and tribological behavior of untreated and nitrided 31CrMoV9 steels were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), microhardness device, 3D profilometer and pin-on-disk wear tester. The analysis outcomes displayed that the compound layer consists of nitride phases (Fe2N, Fe3N, Fe4N and CrN). Additionally, the thickness of the compound layers, surface hardness and roughness increased with increasing nitrogen amount in the gas mixture. The highest friction coefficient value was obtained at nitrogen amount of 50%, but the lowest value was seen at nitrogen amount of 6%. It was observed that wear resistance of 31CrMoV9 steel improved after plasma nitriding, and the best wear resistance was also obtained from plasma nitrided sample at the gas mixture of 94% H[Formula: see text]% N2.

scholarly journals X-Ray Phase Analysis Of Nitrided Layers Of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 Austenitic Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 2005-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Frączek ◽  
M. Olejnik ◽  
M. Pilarska
Keyword(s):  
Austenitic Steel ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Nitriding Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Chromium Nitrides

Abstract This work presents the results of diffraction analyses carried out using X-ray phase analyses (XRD and GIXRD) of nitrided layers of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 austenitic steel. Plasma nitriding process was c arried out in the temperature range of 325 ÷ 400 °C and time of 2 ÷ 4 h. Hydrogen-nitrogen plasma was used as reactive atmosphere (H2 75% + N2 25%) with pressure of 150 Pa. On the basis of the X-ray analyses it was stated that the obtained nitrided layers consisted of a subsurface layer of chromium nitrides and a zone of nitrogen saturated austenite.

The Influence of Plasma Nitriding Period on Nitrided Layers Thickness

2016 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Pilch ◽  
Vojtěch Hruby
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Nitriding Process ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Cross Sectional

The plasma nitriding as a technology for finishing of material surface layers was carried out on selected material. The effect of plasma nitriding conditions on the thickness and hardness of nitrided layer was investigated. The influence of plasma nitriding period on the thickness of the plasma nitrided layers was comprehensively assessed on the C55 steels. Plasma nitriding was carried out on selected material at 500 °C under 280 Pa with a mixture atmosphere of H2 and N2 in the plasma nitriding equipment. The period of the plasma nitriding process was changeable from 5 to 20 hours. Measurements of the properties of nitrided layers of selected material were solved by using experimental methods in accordance with standards. The samples were characterized by GDOES spectrometry, optical microscopy, and hardness testing. The depths of the plasma nitriding layers were also detected using cross-sectional microhardness profiles. Relation between plasma nitriding period and a thickness of a nitrided layer was explained and has shown that microhardness and surface hardness of mentioned samples were significantly increased.

Plasma Ion Nitriding of Low Carbon Stainless Maraging Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 675-678
Author(s):  
M. Agilan ◽  
T. Venkateswran ◽  
D. Sivakumar ◽  
Bhanu Pant
Keyword(s):  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Nitriding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stainless Maraging Steel

Low carbon stainless maraging steel (0.03%C-12%Cr-10Ni-0.6Mo-0.2Ti) is being used widely for various components of the aerospace engines. To improve the wear resistance of the steel various surface hardening processes are being utilized to improve the surface hardness above 900HV. In this present research, plasma nitriding was carried out at two different temperatures of 450 °C and 475 °C for the holding duration of 10 hrs. Temperature of the nitrding process was ensured below the ageing temperature (500 °C) of the steel to avoid lowering of mechanical properties. Effect of plasma nitriding parameters on the surface hardness, case depth, microstructure and phases present in the nitrided layer were investigated in detail using microhardness analysis across the nitrided layer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that increase in nitriding temperature increased the surface hardness and case depth. In addition, the presence of Fe3N and Fe4N phases in the nitrided layer were observed using X-ray diffraction technique.

Synthesis of SiO2 Nanoparticles in RF Plasma Reactors: Effect of Feed Rate and Quench Gas Injection

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Mostajeran Goortani ◽  
Norma Mendoza ◽  
Pierre Proulx
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Reactor Wall ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Laser Diffractometry ◽  
Rf Plasma Reactors

Nanoparticles of SiO2 have been produced in an inductively coupled thermal plasma reactor. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized based on their morphology and size distribution. Scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen absorption (BET method), laser diffractometry and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterize and to measure the equivalent diameter (D(1,0), D(3,2) and D(4,3)) of the resulting nanopowders. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FluentTM 6.1 with the Fine Particle Model (FPMTM) was used to simulate the whole synthesis process. The nanoparticles of SiO2 produced at the exit (filter) and on the reactor wall had primary particles diameter between 10-300 nm while the aggregates were of much larger size, between 1 and 4 micrometers. The simulation predictions were used to gain more insight into the experimental results.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF NITROGEN HYDROGEN RATIO ON PLASMA NITRIDING FOR 38CrMoAl

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Lu Song ◽  
Tiantian Peng ◽  
Xiaobin Zhao ◽  
Jing Hu
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Compound Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Modified Surface ◽  
Modified Surface Layer

<p class="AMSmaintext">Critical nitrogen hydrogen ratio in plasma nitriding was primarily investigated to get enhanced performance for 38CrMoAl steel. The modified surface layer was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-hardness tester. The results showed that the critical nitrogen hydrogen ratio was 1: 5 while plasma nitriding at 540℃ for 6 h. Under this condition, no compound layer was formed, and accompanied with high surface hardness, while the compound layer was formed accompanied with lower surface hardness with nitrogen hydrogen ratio higher than the critical value.</p>

scholarly journals The diffraction of X-rays by age-hardening aluminium copper alloys.

1938 ◽  
Vol 167 (931) ◽  
pp. 526-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Preston ◽  
William Lawrence Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminium Copper ◽  
The Wire

The object of this paper is to draw attention to certain peculiarities in the X-ray diffraction spectra obtained from single crystals of an alloy of aluminium with 4% by weight of copper. The experiments described below were carried out during an investigation into the property of age-hardening exhibited by these alloys, in the hope that some light would be throuwn on the processes preceding precipitation of the compound CuAl 2 , which are generally regarded as being the cause of the hardening in alloys of the Duralumin class, of which the simple 4% copper alloy is the prototype. The material used in the investigation was prepared from aluminium of high purity and after casting the ingots were forged and then draws into wires of 1 mm. diameter. Pieces of the wire after annealing at 500° C. contained crystals of sufficient size (2-5 mm. in length) for X-ray examination by the oscillating crystal and Laue methods.

IMPROVEMENT OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF SHREDDER BLADES USED IN A REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL (RDF) FACILITY BY PLASMA NITRIDING

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950131
Author(s):  
HAKAN AYDIN ◽  
FURKAN BOSTANCI
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Service Condition ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Nitriding Process ◽  
Nitriding Time ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Hardness Values

Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a kind of renewable energy source to produce energy for replacement of fossil fuels. Aggressive working conditions in RDF facilities cause the shredder blades to wear out quickly. So, the purpose of this paper was to study the effect of plasma-nitriding process on wear resistance of shredder blades made of AISI D2 tool steel in the service condition of RDF facility. Shredder blades were commercially available from two different suppliers (A and B suppliers). These hardened shredder blades were plasma-nitrided in the mixed nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere at a volume ratio of 3:1 at 450∘C for 12, 18 and 24[Formula: see text]h at a total pressure of 250 Pa. Characterisation of plasma-nitrided layers on the shredder blades was carried out by means of microstructure and microhardness measurements. Wear tests of plasma-nitrided shredder blades were performed under actual working conditions in the RDF facility. Wear analysis of these shredder blades was conducted using three-dimensional (3D) optical measuring instrument GOM ATOS II. The compositional difference of the shredder blades provided by A and B suppliers played an important role on the nitrided layer. The case depth of A-blades significantly increased with increasing plasma-nitriding time. However, the case depth of B-blades was fairly lower at the same nitriding time and only slightly increased with increasing plasma-nitriding time. Plasma-nitriding process significantly improved the surface hardness of the shredder blades. Maximum surface hardness values were achieved at nitriding time of 18 h for both blades. In this case, this increase in surface hardness values was above 100%. At nitriding time of 24[Formula: see text]h, the maximum surface hardness of A-blades significantly decreased, whereas this decrease in surface hardness of B-blades was the negligible value. The wear test results showed that plasma-nitriding process significatly decreased the wear of shredder blades; 18 h nitriding for A-blades and 24[Formula: see text]h nitriding for B-blades had better wear-reducing ability in the service condition of RDF facility. In these cases, the decreases in the total volume wear loss for A- and B-blades were 53% and 60%, respectively.

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