Effect of Surface Roughness of Pure Aluminium A1100 on the Cold Work Extrusion by Using Different Angles of Taper Die

The study presented in this paper is focused on the effect of surfaces roughness of pure aluminium A1100 on the cold work extrusion process by three different angles of taper die. Different angles of taper die will affect the surface roughness of the workpiece. To protect the surface and to reduce friction, lubricants are often used in extrusion process [1]. Different lubricants may have different optimum taper die angle that are suitable to be applied. Two types of materials used in this experiment are steel SKD 11 for taper die and aluminium A1100 for workpiece and different angles applied are 30o, 45o, and 60o. Moreover, with respect to each angle, three different types of lubricants were used which are Daphne Draw S Series, Palm Olein, and EFB bio oil. The Universal Testing Machine and Surface Roughness Tester were used in this experiment. The result obtained from the experiment shows that at 30o of taper die angle were producing the smooth product surfaces for each lubricant and Daphne Draw S Series could reduce the surface roughness compared to other lubricant test.

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Strength of Ductile Adhesive Butt Joint Bonded with Dissimilar Adherents: Effect of Surface Roughness

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.366 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 554 ◽

pp. 366-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nurul Atikah ◽

Mohd Afendi ◽

Siti Hirmaliza ◽

Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid ◽

Nurul Amira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Static Loading ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Butt Joint ◽

Butt Joints ◽

Universal Testing ◽

Different Types ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Effect Of Surface

The purpose of this project is to study the influence of the macroscopic state of surface roughness of the dissimilar adherent on the strength of adhesive joint. In this project, several types of sandpaper were used to produce different surface roughness of stainless steel and aluminium alloy adherents. All bonding surfaces were polished with different types of sandpaper. Butt joints of dissimilar adherent specimen were produced using a ductile adhesive (i.e. Araldite®Standard) with same bond thickness. The specimens were tested under static loading condition using universal testing machine (UTM) to investigate the relationship of the surface roughness and bond strength.

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Effect of Surface Roughness on Slip Resistance of Rubber

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1538 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 189-193 ◽

pp. 1538-1542

Author(s):

Li Xiao Jia ◽

Yong Zhen Zhang ◽

Yong Ping Niu ◽

San Ming Du ◽

Jian Li

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Roughness Parameters ◽

Test Conditions ◽

Slip Resistance ◽

Materials Used ◽

Almost All ◽

Effect Of Surface

In order to decrease accidents of slips and falls, COFs of rubber samples with different surface roughness were measured by Brungraber Mark II. And the correlation coefficients between roughness parameters and COF were calculated. The rusults have shown that the COF increases with surface roughness and the correlation coefficient between Sq and COF is highest. In general, almost all the roughness parameters used in the study have high correlation with COF. Parameters had the highest correlation with COF depends on the materials used and test conditions.

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Effect of Surface Chemistry on Ruthenium Wet Etching

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.314.302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 314 ◽

pp. 302-306

Author(s):

Quoc Toan Le ◽

E. Kesters ◽

M. Doms ◽

Efrain Altamirano Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Etching Rate ◽

Wet Etching ◽

X Ray ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Metal Free ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Different Types ◽

Effect Of Surface

Different types of ALD Ru films, including as-deposited, annealed Ru, without and with a subsequent CMP step, were used for wet etching study. With respect to the as-deposited Ru, the etching rate of the annealed Ru film in metal-free chemical mixtures (pH = 7-9) was found to decrease substantially. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization indicated that this behavior could be explained by the presence of the formation of RuOx (x = 2,3) caused by the anneal. A short CMP step applied to the annealed Ru wafer removed the surface RuOx, at least partially, resulting in a significant increase of the etching rate. The change in surface roughness was quantified using atomic force microscopy.

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THE EFFECTS OF THE DIE HALF ANGLE OF TAPER DIE ON PLANE STRAIN EXTRUSION

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.9654 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (9-2) ◽

Author(s):

A. M. S. Zuan ◽

S. Y. Yong ◽

M. A. Nurul ◽

S. Syahrullail ◽

E. A. Rahim

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Relative Velocity ◽

Palm Stearin ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Comparison Study ◽

Taper Angle ◽

Workpiece Surface ◽

Half Angle ◽

Taper Die

In this research, a study of the effect of a die half angle on the extrusion process has been performed. The experiments were conducted at room temperature around 27 °C. Two types of taper die with different die half angles (45° and 60°) were prepared. The test lubricants used were paraffinic mineral oil VG460 and Refined, Bleached and Deodorized (RBD) Palm stearin. The material of the workpiece (billet) was annealed with A1100 aluminium. The experimental results were focused on the extrusion load, tool and workpiece surface roughness and plastic deformation of the workpiece. The resultant relative velocity was calculated using a visioplasticity method. The results shows that a taper angle of 60° recorded higher resultant relative velocity with a lower extrusion load and surface roughness compare to the taper angle of 45°. The comparison study between Paraffinic Mineral Oil and RBD Palm Stearin shows no significant effect in both taper angles tested.

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Effect of Grain Size and Surface Roughness on the Normal Coefficient of Restitution of Single Grains

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13040814 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 814

Author(s):

Chitta Sai Sandeep ◽

Lina Luo ◽

Kostas Senetakis

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Grain Size ◽

Coefficient Of Restitution ◽

Block Type ◽

Flow Energy ◽

Different Types ◽

The Impact ◽

Impact Experiments ◽

Two Bodies ◽

Effect Of Surface

The coefficient of restitution (COR) represents the fraction of pre-collision kinetic energy remained after the collision between two bodies. The COR parameter plays an important role in the discrete numerical analysis of granular flows or the design of protective barriers to reduce flow energy. This work investigated the COR for grain-block type impacts through comprehensive experiments using a custom-built impact loading apparatus. Glass balls of three different sizes were used as grains. The impact experiments were performed on three different types of materials as base blocks, namely brass, granite and rubber. Experiments on the brass block showed a decrease in COR values with increasing grain size. On the contrary, impacts on granite and rubber blocks showed an increase in COR values with increasing grain size. Additionally, the effect of surface roughness on the COR was investigated. It was revealed that the increase in surface roughness of either the grain or the block reduced the COR values due to the increased plastic deformations of surface asperities.

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The Influence of Lubricant Viscosoty in Cold Work Forward Extrusion Using Micro–Pits Tool

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v58.1555 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Norhayati ◽

S. Maizan ◽

H.M. Zin ◽

J. Y. Wira ◽

W. B. Wan Nik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Plane Strain ◽

Cold Work ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Grid Pattern ◽

Mineral Oils ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Billet Surface ◽

Taper Die

The present research concerns on the study of the effects of micro–pits arrays formed on taper die using cold forward plane strain extrusion experiments. Each pit was of reverse pyramids configuration having 330 microns diagonal length. The pits were 860 microns apart each others. Two additive free paraffinic mineral oils with low viscosity (P2) and high viscosity (P3) were used in this experimental work. The experimental results were compared with the results obtained from the plane strain extrusion experimental works with taper die without micro–pits (NA). The experimental results focused on the extrusion load, billet surface roughness and billet grid pattern on inclination slope. From the results, the existence of the micro–pits array on the taper die surface affected the extrusion load. At the same time, the micro–pits array affected the extruded billet surface roughness after the experiments. From this experiment, we could conclude that the micro–pits formed on the taper die (PA) would control the frictional constraint on the taper die compared to those without the micro–pits (NA). However, high viscosity lubricant (P3) was found to cause more effects compared to low viscosity lubricant (P2).

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Evaluation of Paraffinic Mineral Oil as Lubricant in Cold Work Extrusion Process

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.327 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 554 ◽

pp. 327-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samion Syahrullail ◽

Mohd Ahyan Nurul Aini

Keyword(s):

Plane Strain ◽

Pure Aluminum ◽

Cold Work ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Friction Effect ◽

Billet Material ◽

Deformation Area ◽

Taper Die

In this paper, the effect of frictional constraint from the application of three different viscosity of additive free paraffinic mineral oil as lubricant were investigated by cold work forward plane strain extrusion experiments. The experiment used a cold work plane strain extrusion apparatus consist of a pair of taper die and a symmetrical workpiece (billet). The billet material was annealed pure aluminum A1100 with radius 5 mm in deformation area. The experimental result shows that the higher viscosity, will lead to lower friction effect to the deformed area, as well as product area.

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