Analysis of Influencing on the Ground Calibration for PIG Based on Seasons

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 1207-1212
Author(s):  
Hong Liu ◽  
Xiao Peng Song ◽  
Guo Jun Zhang ◽  
Meng Ran Liu ◽  
Ze Ming Jian
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Vector Sensor ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experiment Analysis ◽  
Ground Calibration

In order to achieve accurate positioning of the detector in the pipeline, explore the affection of the different seasons and soil moisture on the ground calibration, then ground marking studies by MEMS acoustic vector sensor is proposed. To select four seasons in one year to do comparative experiment, analysis the signals and drawn the angle table. Secondly, we select the most accurate period, to research the impact of the dry soil and wet soil. The results show that: The result of direction on Autumn is the most accurate season, the difference between angle of the measurement point and the true angle can be achieve to 1.051 degrees; On Winter, the relative error is the largest, the orientation angle is the most inaccurate; it is more accurate when the soil is dry than it in wet soil. Far-reaching meaning has been provided in this research.

scholarly journals Vegetation responses to season of fire in an aseasonal, fire-prone fynbos shrubland

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tineke Kraaij ◽  
Richard M. Cowling ◽  
Brian W. van Wilgen ◽  
Diba R. Rikhotso ◽  
Mark Difford
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Recruitment Success ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Varied Response ◽  
One Year

Season of fire has marked effects on floristic composition in fire-prone Mediterranean-climate shrublands. In these winter-rainfall systems, summer-autumn fires lead to optimal recruitment of overstorey proteoid shrubs (non-sprouting, slow-maturing, serotinous Proteaceae) which are important to the conservation of floral diversity. We explored whether fire season has similar effects on early establishment of five proteoid species in the eastern coastal part of the Cape Floral Kingdom (South Africa) where rainfall occurs year-round and where weather conducive to fire and the actual incidence of fire are largely aseasonal. We surveyed recruitment success (ratio of post-fire recruits to pre-fire parents) of proteoids after fires in different seasons. We also planted proteoid seeds into exclosures, designed to prevent predation by small mammals and birds, in cleared (intended to simulate fire) fynbos shrublands at different sites in each of four seasons and monitored their germination and survival to one year post-planting (hereafter termed ‘recruitment’). Factors (in decreasing order of importance) affecting recruitment success in the post-fire surveys were species, pre-fire parent density, post-fire age of the vegetation at the time of assessment, and fire season, whereas rainfall (for six months post-fire) and fire return interval (>7 years) had little effect. In the seed-planting experiment, germination occurred during the cooler months and mostly within two months of planting, except for summer-plantings, which took 2–3 months longer to germinate. Although recruitment success differed significantly among planting seasons, sites and species, significant interactions occurred among the experimental factors. In both the post-fire surveys and seed planting experiment, recruitment success in relation to fire- or planting season varied greatly within and among species and sites. Results of these two datasets were furthermore inconsistent, suggesting that proteoid recruitment responses are not related to the season of fire. Germination appeared less rainfall-dependent than in winter-rainfall shrublands, suggesting that summer drought-avoiding dormancy is limited and has less influence on variation in recruitment success among fire seasons. The varied response of proteoid recruitment to fire season (or its simulation) implies that burning does not have to be restricted to particular seasons in eastern coastal fynbos, affording more flexibility for fire management than in shrublands associated with winter rainfall.

scholarly journals Revisiting Statistical Aspects of Nuclear Material Accounting

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Burr ◽  
M. S. Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Material Accounting

Nuclear material accounting (NMA) is the only safeguards system whose benefits are routinely quantified. Process monitoring (PM) is another safeguards system that is increasingly used, and one challenge is how to quantify its benefit. This paper considers PM in the role of enabling frequent NMA, which is referred to as near-real-time accounting (NRTA). We quantify NRTA benefits using period-driven and data-driven testing. Period-driven testing makes a decision to alarm or not at fixed periods. Data-driven testing decides as the data arrives whether to alarm or continue testing. The difference between period-driven and datad-riven viewpoints is illustrated by using one-year and two-year periods. For both one-year and two-year periods, period-driven NMA using once-per-year cumulative material unaccounted for (CUMUF) testing is compared to more frequent Shewhart and joint sequential cusum testing using either MUF or standardized, independently transformed MUF (SITMUF) data. We show that the data-driven viewpoint is appropriate for NRTA and that it can be used to compare safeguards effectiveness. In addition to providing period-driven and data-driven viewpoints, new features include assessing the impact of uncertainty in the estimated covariance matrix of the MUF sequence and the impact of both random and systematic measurement errors.

scholarly journals Variability of ejaculate volume and sperm motility depending on the age and intensity of utilization of boars

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-650
Author(s):  
R. Savic ◽  
M. Petrovic ◽  
D. Radojkovic ◽  
C. Radovic ◽  
N. Parunovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Large White ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sperm Traits ◽  
Effect Of Age

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of age (A) and the intensity of the boars' utilization (s) on the phenotypic variability of ejaculate volume (VOL) and sperm motility (MO). The study included 274 ejaculates of Large White boars (LW). Boars were divided into six classes according the age when the ejaculate was taken (10-13, 14-17, 18-21, 22-25, 26-29 and ?30 months). Semen samples were analyzed during four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter). The intensity of the use of boars was seen as the impact of the group (class) of intervals between two successful collections (I; ? 5 , 6, 7 , 8, 9-10, 11-13, 14-21 days). Data processing was performed using the GLM procedure using the statistical package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst. Inc., 2002-2003). Average values of VOL, MO, I, A, were: 178.94 ml, 90.35%, 9.37 days and 655.93 days. The effect of boars on both studied sperm traits was highly significant (p<0.001). The volume of ejaculate varied under the influence of boar age (p<0.001) and season (p<0.01). The effect of I on VOL and MO was not significant (p>0.05). Traits VOL and MO varied (p<0.001) between boars which indicated the need for individual control of each of boars used for artificial insemination. The highest VOL was determined in boars at the age of 26 to 29 months, and the difference to the boars aged 10-13 months was 62.70 ml (p<0.001). No statistically significant differences in regard to VOL between boars older than 17 months (from class 3 to 6) were recorded. The highest differences between winter and spring period were determined in mean values of VOL (32.15 ml; p<0.01). In the winter period, boar ejaculate volume was lower than in the autumn (-26.57 ml) and the difference determined was statistically significant (p<0.05).

scholarly journals Causes, Impact of Noises with Remedies in Rathinamangalam, Tamilnadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
One Year ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
The Impact

The noise pollution is one of the slow killer and The pollution level increasing day by day mostly in Industrial areas, heavy traffic, markets, theatre, and etc., mainly in metropolitan cities and municipalities in the developing countries. In this research study the noise pollution analysis in quarry mining area was carried out in Rathinamangalam, Tamilnadu, India. Further, the causes of Noise Impact was also studied and analyzed. Mainly the health effects were studied. The measurement of sound was made by Sound level meter for period of one year the impact of pollution was also observed on the biotic components. The noise pollution in the very close vicinity of quarry site was higher than the prescribed guidelines especially in the sensitive and residential zone areas. The noise pollution sampling was carried at different seasons, timings and the results are tabulated and compared With Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guidelines. Suitable remedial Measures also suggested for controlling the same.

scholarly journals Speed Suits and Swimming t's

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Alyssa J. Ha ◽  
Paul M. Sommers
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
High Tech ◽  
First Year ◽  
Small College ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The authors examine the impact of high-tech suits on swimmers in the New England Small College Athletic Conference championships in 2009.  The effect these high-tech suits had on drop times (that is, the difference between a swimmer's best in-season time prior to the championships and their best time in the preliminaries or finals of the championships) in the backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly was far greater for men than for women when compared to their drop times in 2010 (the first year of the speed suit ban) and 2008 (one year before the introduction of the speed suits to collegiate swimming).

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial changes of macrobenthos communities in south east shores of the Caspian sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 1403-1412
Author(s):  
Nadia Javandel ◽  
Maryam Akhoundian
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Impact

In this research, Sampling of macrobenthos of Mazandaran beaches was performed in 7 stations at two depths of 5 and 10 meters during four seasons in 2020 using a grab with 8 replications in each station. In this study, a total of 10472 individuals were counted, which belonging to 22 species from 13 families. The highest frequency of macrobenthos (648 ± 170.79) was observed in spring and the highest amount of biomass (36.21 ±2.5 gr / m2) was observed in winter. Moreover, the highest prevalence of macrobenthos predominant groups during the sampling period was observed in Bivalves (40%), Crustaceans (36%), Annelids (22%) and Gastropoda (2%), respectively.  The results of PERMANOVA analysis showed that the effect of two factors of season and depth impacted the biomass, abundance, species richness, species composition and community structure of macrobenthos significantly. Furthermore, the results showed that with increasing the depth from 5 to 10 meters, macrobenthos abundance increased by 4, 2, 1 and 9 times in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Moreover, increase in depth from 5 to 10m, the values of biomass and species richness have increased. In according to these results, it can be concluded that biomass and diversity index of macrobenthos communities change considerably in different seasons and depths. Therefore, natural changes of these variables should be considered when using these macrobenthos communities to assess the impact of environmental factors.

scholarly journals LO69: Evaluating the impact of night shifts on emergency medicine resident competence in simulated resuscitations

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. S51-S52
Author(s):  
S. Edgerley ◽  
C. McKaigney ◽  
D. Boyne ◽  
D. Dagnone ◽  
A.K. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Emergency Medicine Resident ◽  
Medicine Resident ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Primary Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Night Shifts

Introduction: Sleep deprivation negatively affects cognitive and behavioural performance. Emergency Medicine (EM) residents commonly work night shifts and are then expected to perform with competence. This study examines the impact of night shifts on EM resident performance in simulated resuscitation scenarios. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was completed at a single Canadian academic centre where residents participate in twice-annual simulation-based resuscitation objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). OSCE scores for all EM residents between 2010-2016 were collected, as well as post-graduate year (PGY1-5), gender, and shift schedules. OSCEs were scored using the Queen’s Simulation Assessment Tool (QSAT) evaluating four domains: primary assessment, diagnostic actions, therapeutic actions and communication, and an overall global assessment score (GAS). A night shift was defined as a late evening (beyond 23:00) or overnight shift within the three days before an OSCE. A mixed effects linear regression model was used to model the association between night shifts and OSCE scores while adjusting for gender and PGY. Results: A total of 136 OSCE scores were collected from 56 residents. PGY-5 residents had 37.1% (31.3 to 34.0%; p&lt;0.01) higher OSCE scores than those in PGY-1 with an average increase of 8.8% (7.5 to 10.1%; p&lt;0.01) per year. Working one or more night shifts in the three days before an OSCE reduced the total and communication scores by an average of 3.8% (p=0.04) and 4.5% (p=0.04) respectively. We observed a significant gender difference in the effects of acute shift work (p=0.03). Working a night shift one night prior to an OSCE was not associated with total score among male residents (p=0.33) but was associated with a 6.1% (-11.9 to -0.2; p=0.04) decrease in total score among female residents. This difference was consistent across PGY and was primarily due to an 8.5% (-15.5 to -1.6%; p=0.02) decrease in communication scores and a 6.7% (-13.1 to -0.3%; p=0.04) reduction in GAS. Conclusion: Proximity to night shifts significantly impaired the performance of EM trainees in simulated resuscitation scenarios, particularly in the domain of communication. For female residents, the magnitude of difference in total scores after working such shifts one night prior to a resuscitation OSCE was approximately equal to the difference seen between residents one year apart in training.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pandemics on Workforce Joblessness in Central Europe in pre-Covid Era and during Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michal Beno
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Unemployment Gap ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oecd Data

Unemployment affects individuals socially, personally, and economically. The impact of being jobless can be long-lasting. Five different generations participate in the workplace today. As countries throughout the world went into lockdown to combat the spread of Covid-19, unemployment numbers rose rapidly. This study aimed to examine the effects of unemployment in three-generation groups in V4 and Austria in the pre-Covid-19 era and during Covid-19. Descriptive statistics were used to present the collected data. OECD data were used for the analysis. Based on the data collected, unemployment decreases with age. The group aged 15-24 shows significantly higher unemployment than the other two groups. A gender difference in unemployment was confirmed only in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Unemployment has increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. The unemployment gap for females before and during Covid-19 was not confirmed. The T-Test confirmed the difference in unemployment before and during the crisis in the age categories 15-24 and 25-54. In Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, the number of people with a duration of employment of up to one year differs in all age categories. In the Czech Republic, there is a significant difference only between the youngest group and the other two. In all countries, the largest number of people with the employment of up to one year is in the age group 25-54. In none of the examined countries was a gender unemployment gap proved before Covid-19.

Observations on the effect of method of management at mating on bovine fertility

1945 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Laing
Keyword(s):  
Service Group ◽  
Free Service ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
Bovine Fertility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relationship Of

1. The fertility records of two groups of bulls, one group used for controlled service, and one group used for free service, were compared over a period of one year.2. The fertility of the free-service group was consistently better except during the months of December, January, February and March.3. The difference in fertility between the two groups was correlated with the varying length of the oestral periods of the cows at different seasons of the year.4. It is suggested that the higher fertility in the free-service group was due to a closer relationship of service to the end of heat and thus to ovulation.

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