Titanium Metal Injection Molding - A Commercial Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Scharvogel
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Production Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Metal Injection Molding ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Sporting Goods ◽  
The Cost

Metal Injection Molding (MIM) of Titanium and its alloys has been the topic of many scientific research activities and presentations for many years. By now there are several companies that focus on applying the gained knowledge for producing Titanium MIM components in production quantities. This is only possible since Titanium powder in repeatable quality is available in production quantities and the specialized production equipment was developed over the recent years. Two ASTM standards for Titanium MIM implants have published and several Titanium MIM components have received approval around the globe, including approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the United States. Based on this foundation, several large Medical Technology companies started developing next generation implants using MIM as the preferred production method in order to use the design advantages and / or reduce costs. The aerospace industry also started recognizing the advantages of Titanium MIM. There are several Titanium MIM parts that are already being used in commercial airplanes in production quantities. Additional applications in order to replace other materials, reduce costs or use the design advantages of MIM are currently being developed. The cost reduction related to Titanium MIM allows the usage of this great material in other industries like for sporting goods, outdoor equipment or luxury products. The Titanium MIM industry is slowly maturing and large companies started applying the great advantages into the product portfolio. It will be imperative that the relatively small Titanium MIM companies perform according to the high expectations of the large potential customers that would like to use the technology for future products.

Innovative Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Method for Producing CoCrMo Alloy Metallic Prosthesis for Orthopedic Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Noorsyakirah Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Afian Omar ◽  
Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin ◽  
Nurazilah Mohd Zainon ◽  
Norazlan Roslani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Slip Casting ◽  
Plastic Injection Molding ◽  
Metal Injection Molding ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Process ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Plastic Injection

Powder injection molding (PIM) is a powder metallurgy process currently used for the production of complicated and near net shape parts of high performance materials [. This technique basically combines the advantages of plastic injection molding and the versatility of the conventional powder metallurgy technique. The process overcomes the shape limitation of powder compaction, the cost of machining, the productivity limits of isostatic pressing and slip casting, and the defect and tolerance limitations of conventional casting [1, 2, . According to German and Bose [, the technology of metal injection molding (MIM) is more complicated than that of the plastic injection molding, which arises from the need to remove the binder and to densify and strengthen the part. The process composed of four sequential steps: mixing of the powder and organic binder, injection molding, debinding where all binders are removed and sintering [1, 2, 3, 4]. If it necessary, secondary operations such as heat treatments after sintering can be performed [1, 2, 3, 4, .

Research on Preparedness for Bioterrorism - Associated Events in Japan: Smallpox Vaccine Preparedness

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Saito ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smallpox Vaccine ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Deliberate Release ◽  
A Cell ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The 2001 anthrax attack in the United States made the deliberate release of biological agents a real issue and forced many countries to improve their bioterrorism preparedness. Smallpox is a threat that requires international preparedness because it spreads from human to human and would be expected to have a high level of lethality. In 2001, Japan restarted the production and stockpiling of a medical countermeasure, the smallpox vaccine LC16m8, which is a cell-cultured, live attenuated smallpox vaccine that was developed in the 1970s in Japan. The Smallpox Vaccine Research Group has continuously worked to characterize LC16m8 genetically, demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the LC16m8 vaccine, reduce the cost of stockpiling through shelf-life extension via the presentation of evidence of its stability in long-term storage, and maintain the quality of the stockpiled vaccine that is available in case of emergency. Maintaining the stockpile and production capacity of “orphan” medical countermeasures has contributed to national security and also to global health. This paper reviews smallpox vaccine preparedness and the surrounding policy issues in Japan as a typical and classic case of biopreparedness research activities and discusses achievements, problems, and future directions.

New Titanium Alloy Feedstock for High Performance Metal Injection Molding Parts

2016 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Tingskog ◽  
Frederic Larouche ◽  
Louis Philippe Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Metal Injection Molding ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Metallurgical Properties ◽  
Sporting Goods

Ti 6-4 and other Titanium alloys have great potential for Metal Injection Molding of high performance parts. Markets like Automotive, Aerospace, 3C and sporting goods can benefit from the low density and high strength of Titanium. A new feedstock has been developed that incorporates pre-alloyed Ti 6-4 and discrete additions that simplify MIM processing and enhance properties. Processing and sintering parameters are presented together with mechanical and metallurgical properties of completed parts.

Research of 3D Printing Modes of Feedstock for Metal Injection Molding

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Korotchenko ◽  
D.E. Khilkov ◽  
M.V. Tverskoy ◽  
A.A. Khilkova
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Metal Injection Molding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Cost

In this work, to reduce the cost of production of parts using injection molding metal technology (MIM technology), it is proposed to use additive technologies (AT) for the manufacture of green parts. The use of AT allows us to abandon expensive molds and expand the field of use of the MIM of technology in single and small-scale production. For manufacture of green parts, the technology of manufacturing fused filament (Fused Filament Fabrication – FFF) is offered. The original composition of the metal powder mix (feedstock) and the filament manufacturing modes for 3D printing have been developed for the FFF technology. The cost of filament is much lower than its analogs. The factors affecting the print quality of green part are considered. All factors are divided into two groups depending on the possibility of their change during printing. The research of the influence of the coefficient filament supply on the geometry of green parts during 3D printing is presented.

Development of Ultra-Fluid Compositions of Feedstock for Metal Injection Molding

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 529-533
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Korotchenko ◽  
D.E. Khilkov ◽  
M.V. Tverskoy ◽  
A.A. Khilkova
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Metal Powder ◽  
Large Particle ◽  
Metal Injection Molding ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Pressing Pressure ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mim Technology

In this paper, to reduce the cost of production of parts by injection molding technology of metal powder mixtures (MIM technology), it is proposed to use metal powder mixtures (feedstock) with high fluidity for the manufacture of green parts. High fluidity is achieved by increasing the proportion of paraffin wax in the binder. This can significantly reduce the pressing pressure when pressing the feedstock into the mold cavity to values less than 1 bar, and eliminate the use of expensive injection molding machines with high compression pressure. High fluidity also allows the use of powders with large particle sizes, which significantly reduces the cost of feedstock. The absence of high pressure on the mold walls during the pressing of the feedstock allows the use of molds made of cheaper materials such as silicone, plastic, gypsum and others.

Innovations in Micro Metal Injection Molding Process by Lost Form Technology

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Nishiyabu ◽  
Yasuhiro Kanoko ◽  
Shigeo Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Mold Insert ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Metal Injection Molding ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Debinding Process ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Plastic Mold

The production method of micro sacrificial plastic mold insert metal injection molding, namely μ-SPiMIM process has been proposed to solve specific problems involving the miniaturization of MIM. The sacrificial plastic mold (SP-mold) with fine structures was prepared by injection-molding polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into Ni-electroform, which is a typical LIGA (Lithographie-Galvanoformung-Abformung) process. Stainless steel 316L feedstock was injectionmolded into the SP-mold which had micro structures with multi-pillars. The green compact was demolded as one component with the SP-mold, which was decomposed along with binder constituent of feedstock in debinding process. This study focused on the effects of metal particle size and processing conditions on the shrinkage, transcription and surface roughness of sintered parts, which were evaluated by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) observation.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

Use of cold tolerant eucalyptus species as a partial replacement for southern mixed hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER W. HART ◽  
DALE E. NUTTER
Keyword(s):  
Potential Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operational Data

During the last several years, the increasing cost and decreasing availability of mixed southern hardwoods have resulted in financial and production difficulties for southern U.S. mills that use a significant percentage of hardwood kraft pulp. Traditionally, in the United States, hardwoods are not plantation grown because of the growth time required to produce a quality tree suitable for pulping. One potential method of mitigating the cost and supply issues associated with the use of native hardwoods is to grow eucalyptus in plantations for the sole purpose of producing hardwood pulp. However, most of the eucalyptus species used in pulping elsewhere in the world are not capable of surviving in the southern U.S. climate. This study examines the potential of seven different cold-tolerant eucalyptus species to be used as replacements for, or supplements to, mixed southern hardwoods. The laboratory pulping and bleaching aspects of these seven species are discussed, along with pertinent mill operational data. Selected mill trial data also are reviewed.

The Unusual Cruelty of Nursing Homes Behind Bars

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Rachel E. López
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
State Prisons ◽  
The Cost

The elderly prison population continues to rise along with higher rates of dementia behind bars. To maintain the detention of this elderly population, federal and state prisons are creating long-term care units, which in turn carry a heavy financial burden. Prisons are thus gearing up to become nursing homes, but without the proper trained staff and adequate financial support. The costs both to taxpayers and to human dignity are only now becoming clear. This article squarely addresses the second dimension of this carceral practice, that is the cost to human dignity. Namely, it sets out why indefinitely incarcerating someone with dementia or other neurocognitive disorders violates the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. This conclusion derives from the confluence of two lines of U.S. Supreme Court precedent. First, in Madison v. Alabama, the Court recently held that executing someone (in Madison’s case someone with dementia) who cannot rationally understand their sentence amounts to cruel and unusual punishment. Second, in line with Miller v. Alabama, which puts life without parole (LWOP) sentences in the same class as death sentences due to their irrevocability, this holding should be extended to LWOP sentences. Put another way, this article explains why being condemned to life is equivalent to death for someone whose neurodegenerative disease is so severe that they cannot rationally understand their punishment.

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