Long Term Measuring of Expansions and Contractions of Pre-Stressed Concrete Bridge Structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 714 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Miroslav Vokáč ◽  
Tomáš Bittner ◽  
Petr Bouška ◽  
Petr Klimeš ◽  
Roman Šafář
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Railway Bridge ◽  
Minimal Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Further Development

The presented paper considers approx. 5 years measurement on concrete railway bridge. The span is 39.875 + 34.877 + 37.000 + 9 x 31.500 m. The total length of the bridge is 443 m. Structure possesses typical three-box cross section. Monitoring was focused on temperature of concrete, temperature of atmosphere in the shade and mainly on measurement of movements of several bearings. Because the monitoring period of bridge structure was approx. 5 year, the probability p = 0.2 (5 years returning period) was chosen in order to compare measured data with standard values according to EN 1991-1-5. Of course, the standard value was assumed without any safety factor for this purpose. The maximal difference of measured and standard values was only 25 mm. This was achieved on the pillar where measured value of displacement range was 135 mm, standard value 160 mm and the dilatation length was 332 m. On the other hand, the minimal difference was only 3 mm on the pillar where measured value was 33 mm, standard value 36 mm and the dilatation length was 75 m. If the approx. 5 years measurement is compared with theoretical value of 5 years return period, the standard procedure cannot be classified as very conservative. It was shown that the long-time measurement is very important for the further development and improvement of the Eurocodes as well as statistical approach, i.e., returning time which shall be taken into account.

scholarly journals Fault diagnosis and maintenance of automobile engine cooling system

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Automobile Engine ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Further Development

With the further development of the society, the economic level of Chinese residents is gradually improving. Under such circumstances, the number of automobiles and their usage are increasing as well. As a kind of mechanical equipment, there will be many application faults of the automobile after long-term use. Only by solving the faults can automobiles be restarted and run stably for a long time. Based on this, this paper focuses on automobile maintenance, analyzes the principle of engine cooling system, and studies the diagnosis and maintenance methods of this kind of fault, trying to provide some reference value for the further discussion and research in this field.

scholarly journals CONFLICTIZATION OF UKRAINIAN ETHNOCULTURAL SPACE AS THE OBJECT OF UKRAINIAN STUDIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Yuriy Fihurnyi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
Further Development

The article deals with the essence of Ukrainian ethnic, national and ethnocultural processes and their influence on the development of the Ukrainian ethnocultural space as an object of Ukrainian studies. Ethnic processes have been found to be sequential changes that have occurred and will occur with the Ukrainian people throughout their development and existence as a self-sufficient ethnic community, and are directly related to the ethnogenesis of Ukrainians. It is proved that nation-building processes are complex transformations that occur both in a regular order (evolutionary) and abrupt (revolutionary) and contribute to the formation of a nation, the highest form of political structuring of the ethnic group and its further development and self-organization, which eventually lead to political emergence. nation, and the creation of Ukrainian civil society. It is shown, that the Ukrainian ethno-cultural processes is a process of a long-term historical development, in which Ukrainians created on the territories of their existence an ethno-cultural space based on the common origin and territories of Ukrainians, the existence of traditional Ukrainian culture, the intriduction of the Christian faith. It was pointed out that the Ukrainian ethnocultural space includes a peculiar and unique complex of material and spiritual culture of the Ukrainian people created during a long time, and acquired originality and perfection. Eight “conflicting points” in Ukrainian ethnocultural development have been determined. The synergistic interaction of ethnic, state-forming, nation-forming and ethno-cultural processes contributed to the long-time consistent development of the Ukrainians from a small ethnic community lived in the Middle Dnieper as their core trerritiry to the modern nation whose representatves are living on different continents.

scholarly journals The significance of the tourist destination of Zlatibor spatial planning

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-112
Author(s):  
Ana Jovicic ◽  
Dejan Beric ◽  
Marko Petrovic ◽  
Snjezana Gagic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
National Level ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Further Development

The territory of Zlatibor is known as a region of exquisite beauty, rich in natural and anthropogenic values, and as such it is a significant tourist destination. The tourism on Zlatibor started developing a long time ago, however, recently there has formed a type of settlement with tourism as its basic function, with no adequate planned development and control, which deviates from the natural and aesthetic environment, disturbing the rare and autochthonous quality of the territory. Zlatibor?s beauty has been disturbed with unplanned construction and the development of tourism which is not sustainable in the long-term. The aim of this paper is to point out to the significance of spatial planning for further development of tourism on this mountain and give suggestions on further development which would neutralise, revitalise and improve the already degraded territory. Only by managing the territory of Zlatibor properly, as a resource for tourism, will its economic, ecologic and aesthetic value increase, which will ensure a long term benefit on a local, regional and national level.

scholarly journals Long-term predictions for COVID-19 pandemic dynamics in Ukraine, Austria and Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Nesteruk
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Identification ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTThe SIR (susceptible-infected-removed) model, statistical approach to the parameter identification and the official WHO daily data about the confirmed cumulative number of cases were used to make some estimations for the dynamics of the coronavirus pandemic dynamics in Ukraine, Italy and Austria. The volume of the data sets and the influence of the information about the initial stages of the epidemics were discussed in order to have reliable long-time predictions. The final sizes and durations for the pandemic in these countries are estimated.

Enhancing the power generation of Rhodopseudomonas palustris-based MFC

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1268
Author(s):  
Shu Otani ◽  
Dang-Trang Nguyen ◽  
Kozo Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Maximum Power Density ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Carbon Sheet ◽  
Uv Ozone

In this study, a portable and disposable paper-based microbial fuel cell (MFC) was fabricated. The MFC was powered by Rhodopseudomonas palustris bacteria (R. palustris). An activated carbon sheet-based anode pre-loaded organic matter (starch) and R. palustris was used. By using starch in the anode, R. palustris-loaded on the anode could be preserved for a long time in dry conditions. The MFC could generate electricity on-demand activated by adding water to the anode. The activated carbon sheet anode was treated by UV-ozone treatment to remove impurities and to improve its hydrophilicity before being loaded with R. palustris. The developed MFC could generate the maximum power density of 0.9 μW/cm2 and could be preserved for long-term usage with little performance degradation (10% after four weeks).

EVOLUTION OF SANDY BEACH IN THE CITY OF VARNA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachev Veliko Z ◽  
Dachev Veliko Z
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
New Method ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Beach Volume

The article represents a retrospective review of long time research of genesis and development of the Central beach in the City of Varna which makes possible a forecast of its further development. Both natural and anthropogenic impact on the beach evolution is taken into consideration. It is ascertained that construction of coastal protection structures at the northern part of the beach in 80’s resulted in cessation of natural beach area growth. The strengthen of a breakwater in the main port and illegal building also contributed to considerable coast recession and beach volume reducing. Because of this a recreational potential of the Central beach is gradually decreasing. New method named “cross-shore sediment bypassing” is suggested to reduce the negative trend.

Charlemagne’s Health in ‘Old Age’: Did It Affect Carolingian Military Strategy?

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-53
Author(s):  
Bernard S. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
The West ◽  
Long Time

During the first thirty-three years of his reign as king of the Franks, i.e., prior to his coronation as emperor on Christmas day 800, Charlemagne, scholars generally agree, pursued a successful long-term offensive and expansionist strategy. This strategy was aimed at conquering large swaths of erstwhile imperial territory in the west and bringing under Carolingian rule a wide variety of peoples, who either themselves or their regional predecessors previously had not been subject to Frankish regnum.1 For a very long time, scholars took the position that Charlemagne continued to pursue this expansionist strategy throughout the imperial years, i.e., from his coronation on Christmas Day 800 until his final illness in later January 814. For example, Louis Halphen observed: “comme empereur, Charles poursuit, sans plus, l’oeuvre entamée avant l’an 800.”2 F. L. Ganshof, who also wrote several studies treating Charlemagne’s army, was in lock step with Halphen and observed: “As emperor, Charlemagne pursued the political and military course he had been following before 25 December 800.”3

EVOLUTION OF SANDY BEACH IN THE CITY OF VARNA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachev Veliko Z ◽  
Dachev Veliko Z
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
New Method ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Beach Volume

The article represents a retrospective review of long time research of genesis and development of the Central beach in the City of Varna which makes possible a forecast of its further development. Both natural and anthropogenic impact on the beach evolution is taken into consideration. It is ascertained that construction of coastal protection structures at the northern part of the beach in 80’s resulted in cessation of natural beach area growth. The strengthen of a breakwater in the main port and illegal building also contributed to considerable coast recession and beach volume reducing. Because of this a recreational potential of the Central beach is gradually decreasing. New method named “cross-shore sediment bypassing” is suggested to reduce the negative trend.

The Spread of Pollutants from Harbour Sludge Depots

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 623-633
Author(s):  
M Loxham ◽  
F Weststrate
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dilution Effects ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Harbour Sludge

It is generally agreed that both the landfill option, or the civil techniques option for the final disposal of contaminated harbour sludge involves the isolation of the sludge from the environment. For short time scales, engineered barriers such as a bentonite screen, plastic sheets, pumping strategies etc. can be used. However for long time scales the effectiveness of such measures cannot be counted upon. It is thus necessary to be able to predict the long term environmenttal spread of contaminants from a mature landfill. A model is presented that considers diffusion and adsorption in the landfill site and convection and adsorption in the underlaying aquifer. From a parameter analysis starting form practical values it is shown that the adsorption behaviour and the molecular diffusion coefficient of the sludge, are the key parameters involved in the near field. The dilution effects of the far field migration patterns are also illustrated.

The Many Faces of Socioeconomic Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Toye
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
The Many ◽  
Century Development

This book provides a survey of different ways in which economic sociocultural and political aspects of human progress have been studied since the time of Adam Smith. Inevitably, over such a long time span, it has been necessary to concentrate on highlighting the most significant contributions, rather than attempting an exhaustive treatment. The aim has been to bring into focus an outline of the main long-term changes in the way that socioeconomic development has been envisaged. The argument presented is that the idea of socioeconomic development emerged with the creation of grand evolutionary sequences of social progress that were the products of Enlightenment and mid-Victorian thinkers. By the middle of the twentieth century, when interest in the accelerating development gave the topic a new impetus, its scope narrowed to a set of economically based strategies. After 1960, however, faith in such strategies began to wane, in the face of indifferent results and general faltering of confidence in economists’ boasts of scientific expertise. In the twenty-first century, development research is being pursued using a research method that generates disconnected results. As a result, it seems unlikely that any grand narrative will be created in the future and that neo-liberalism will be the last of this particular kind of socioeconomic theory.

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