Forming Mechanism of α-Fe2O3 in the Oxide Films on Iron-Bonded Diamond Wheel Surface by ELID Grinding

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Li Zhang ◽  
Ji Cai Kuai
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Diamond Wheel ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wheel Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Elid Grinding ◽  
Standard Spectrum

The formation mechanism of α-Fe2O3 on iron-bonded diamond wheel surface by ELID grinding is presented here. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques were used to analyze the compositions of the oxide films. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the existence of the diffraction peak of α-Fe2O3, which was observed in ELID grinding iron-bonded diamond wheel surface. To illustrate the correctness of our theory, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was also performed. Results reveal that the characteristic spectrum of oxide film on ELID wheel has coincidence with the standard spectrum of Fe2p in α-Fe2O3. These results suggest the existence of α-Fe2O3 in oxide films on the grinding wheel surface. The potentiality that α-Fe2O3 can bring polishing effect to ELID grinding process has also been discussed. It helps understand how ELID grinding can achieve excellent surface finish for the workpiece.

Study of α-Fe2O3 formation and its measurement in oxide films of wheel surface during ELID grinding process

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jicai Kuai ◽  
Dmitrii V. Ardashev ◽  
Huali Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Film ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Vibration Band ◽  
Wheel Surface ◽  
Characteristic Absorption Band ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Elid Grinding

This paper presents the study of forming mechanism of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 in oxide films on electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding wheel surface. To investigate the component content and the microtopography of oxide films, XRD, XPS, IR spectrum analysis, SEM, and TEM measurements are performed on ELID grinding wheels. In XRD test results, the characteristic absorption band of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 is found in the oxide film. XPS tests show that there is full of ferrous iron and oxygen element in the oxide film. Also, the characteristic spectral line of XPS is identical to the standard spectrum of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3. Several vibration peaks (471, 1029, 1384, 1630, 3430) are observed by IR spectrum analysis. It can be easily seen by contrast with the standard photographs that the vibration peak of 1029 is of Fe-O vibration band in IR spectrum of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 powder. Therefore, these measurement results confirm the existence of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 in the oxide films, and explain the polishing effect of oxide films during ELID grinding. The fresh oxide film is porous and moisture rich. However, the oxide film after squeezing to dry is investigated by SEM imaging to present tortoiseshell cracks. Geometrically, [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 appears to be nearly spherical with particle size around 5–50 nm. This indicates fine polishing improvement by oxide films, and is identified as the mechanism responsible for excellent surface quality by ELID grinding.

Forming Mechanism of Composite Abrasive Grains in Oxide Film on ELID Wheel and its Microstructure

2016 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Cai Kuai ◽  
Cheng Ran Jiang ◽  
Jiang Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Film ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Compound Structure ◽  
Wheel Surface ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Elid Grinding ◽  
Abrasive Grains ◽  
Shaped Crack

In this paper we analyze the forming mechanism of composite abrasive grains in oxide film on ELID grinding wheel surface, By using composition information and by taking advantage of microscale structure, we have investigated that abrasive grains surface is covered by a layer of oxide film and the fresh oxide film is loose and porous like turtle shaped crack when crushed and dried. The elements of oxide film consist of α-Fe2O3 with sphere grain of 5-50nm. This phenomena is demonstrated that the composite abrasive grains in oxide film is a compound structure which is centered by abrasive grains, with α-Fe2O3,Fe (OH)3 surrounded.

Laser Brazing Diamond Grinding Wheel with Ni-Base Filler Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Bo Yang ◽  
Ai Ju Liu ◽  
Jiu Hua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Wheel ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Filler Alloy ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Laser Brazing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectrometer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Brazing diamond wheel was carried out via laser in an argon atmosphere. The interfacial microstructures among brazed diamond, the filler alloy and matrix were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS) and X- ray diffraction (XRD). The formation mechanism of carbide layers was also discussed. Finally, grinding examination of the grinding wheel was carried through. The results show that diamond can not fall off from the wheel even at heavy duty conditions.

Biocompatibility of Cerium Oxide Films Synthesized by Dual Plasma Deposition

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 749-752
Author(s):  
Feng Juan Jing ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Y.W. Liu ◽  
J.Y. Cheng ◽  
Yong Xiang Leng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Rare Earth Oxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Huvec Cells ◽  
Isotropic Carbon

Cerium oxide films have been fabricated using dual plasma deposition. X-ray diffraction. (XRD) reveals a crystalline phase and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that La exists predominantly in the +4 oxidation state. The activated partial thromboplastin time is longer than that of blood plasma and stainless steel. Furthermore, the numbers of adhered, aggregated and morphologically changed platelets are reduced compared to low-temperature isotropic carbon (LTIC). HUVEC cells exhibit good adhesion and proliferation behavior on cerium oxide films. This study suggests rare earth oxide films are potential blood-contacting biomedical materials.

Oxygen Gettering Effect During the Reactive Evaporation of Manganese Oxide Films

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1653-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Isai ◽  
Katsuma Yamaguchi ◽  
Haruhiko Iyoda ◽  
Hiroshi Fujiyasu ◽  
Yasumitsu Ito
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lithium Secondary Batteries ◽  
Reactive Evaporation ◽  
Mn Oxide

Manganese oxide films for lithium secondary batteries were prepared using a reactive evaporation method. Mn was evaporated from a molybdenum boat by resistive heating and deposited on a glass slide under oxygen atmosphere. These films were examined with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction. The Mn oxide films with a wide valency of Mn were prepared in this study. A rapid change of the back pressure was found as the deposition of Mn was started. This implies that Mn atoms start to react with O2. This means that in situ detection of reactive evaporation process can be utilized.

Surface Characterization of Calcium-Stabilized Zirconia Film by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Bensadon ◽  
P. A. P. Nascente ◽  
L.O.S. Bulhões ◽  
E. C. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zirconia Film

ABSTRACTA new methodology was developed to stabilized zirconia films at room temperature. The zirconium oxide films were prepared electrochemically by anodic oxidation of metallic zirconium at constant curcent density. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the partial stabilization of the cubic phase in the ZrO2 films obtained in the presence of calcium. On the other hand, the films obtained in H3PO4 presented monoclinic phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the oxide films obtained in calcium medium were porous, while the films obtained in H3PO4 were compact. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) identified ZrO2 and the intercalation of Na, N, P and CaO, as well as adventitious carbon. Using depth profiling, we observed that the concentrations of ZrO2, P and CaO increased with sputtering time.

Investigation of the Effect of Uv-Assisted Oxidation and Nitridation of Hafnium Metal Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Essary ◽  
V. Craciun ◽  
J. M. Howard ◽  
R. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Grazing Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Silicon Interface

AbstractHf metal thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum and in ammonia ambients. The films were then oxidized at 400 °C in 300 Torr of O2. Half the samples were oxidized in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a Hg lamp array. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing angle X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystallinity, roughness, and composition of the films. It has been found that UV radiation causes roughening of the films and also promotes crystallization at lower temperatures.Furthermore, increased silicon oxidation at the interface was noted with the UVirradiated samples and was shown to be in the form of a mixed layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Incorporation of nitrogen into the film reduces the oxidation of the silicon interface.

scholarly journals α-Cellulose Fibers of Paper-Waste Origin Surface-Modified with Fe3O4 and Thiolated-Chitosan for Efficacious Immobilization of Laccase

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Gajanan S. Ghodake ◽  
Surendra K. Shinde ◽  
Ganesh D. Saratale ◽  
Rijuta G. Saratale ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Laccase Immobilization ◽  
Surface Modified

The utilization of waste-paper-biomass for extraction of important α-cellulose biopolymer, and modification of extracted α-cellulose for application in enzyme immobilization can be extremely vital for green circular bio-economy. Thus, in this study, α-cellulose fibers were super-magnetized (Fe3O4), grafted with chitosan (CTNs), and thiol (-SH) modified for laccase immobilization. The developed material was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), HR-TEM energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HR-TEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. Laccase immobilized on α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs (α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase) gave significant activity recovery (99.16%) and laccase loading potential (169.36 mg/g). The α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase displayed excellent stabilities for temperature, pH, and storage time. The α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase applied in repeated cycles shown remarkable consistency of activity retention for 10 cycles. After the 10th cycle, α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs possessed 80.65% relative activity. Furthermore, α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase shown excellent degradation of pharmaceutical contaminant sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The SMX degradation by α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase was found optimum at incubation time (20 h), pH (3), temperatures (30 °C), and shaking conditions (200 rpm). Finally, α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase gave repeated degradation of SMX. Thus, this study presents a novel, waste-derived, highly capable, and super-magnetic nanocomposite for enzyme immobilization applications.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol Using a Copper-Zirconia Imidazolate Framework

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Sonam Goyal ◽  
Maizatul Shima Shaharun ◽  
Ganaga Suriya Jayabal ◽  
Chong Fai Kait ◽  
Bawadi Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Enhanced Yield

A set of novel photocatalysts, i.e., copper-zirconia imidazolate (CuZrIm) frameworks, were synthesized using different zirconia molar ratios (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mmol). The photoreduction process of CO2 to methanol in a continuous-flow stirred photoreactor at pressure and temperature of 1 atm and 25 °C, respectively, was studied. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The highest methanol activity of 818.59 µmol/L.g was recorded when the CuZrIm1 catalyst with Cu/Zr/Im/NH4OH molar ratio of 2:1:4:2 (mmol/mmol/mmol/M) was employed. The enhanced yield is attributed to the presence of Cu2+ oxidation state and the uniformly dispersed active metals. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the reaction parameters. The predicted results agreed well with the experimental ones with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99. The optimization results showed that the highest methanol activity of 1054 µmol/L.g was recorded when the optimum parameters were employed, i.e., stirring rate (540 rpm), intensity of light (275 W/m2) and photocatalyst loading (1.3 g/L). The redox potential value for the CuZrIm1 shows that the reduction potential is −1.70 V and the oxidation potential is +1.28 V for the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol. The current work has established the potential utilization of the imidazolate framework as catalyst support for the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol.

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