Hydrochemistry Research of Intercrystalline with Pore Brine and Pre-3D Modelling of Heibeiwadi Brine Deposit

2018 ◽  
Vol 783 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Huang Song
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Research Area ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Brine Layer

Intercrystalline and pore brine develop extensively in the Heibewadi research area which is located at south foot of Altun mountain of Qaidam basin. In central area, intercrystalline brine’s depths range from 5m to 90m. In northwest, south area and central deeper area, pore brine develops under intercrystalline brine layer. The 2 types of aquifers have strong yield property, TDS is 200-350g/l with average of 276g/l. Main salt compound can be mined out economically. According to analysis result of intercrystalline brine, TDS, Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Li+ irons’ grades are very steady. That mean intercrystalline brine exist in the water-salt system under balance. Only the stability of Ca2+ and SO42- are slightly poor. According the Kurtosis characteristics analysis, Ca2+, SO42- are no-normal positively platykurtic distribution, K+, Cl- and PH are normal positively platykurtic distribution. These 2 groups fall into a sub-class. And the combined with normal negatively platykurtic distribution-TDS and fall into platykurtic distribution group. Mg2+, Li+ are normal positively peaked distribution; Na+ is normal negatively peaked distribution. They all belong to peaked distribution group. According to Na+, K+, Mg2+//Cl-H2O quarternary phase diagram and Na+, K+, Mg2+//Cl-SO42-H2O pentabasic phase diagram, the chlorite and magnesium sulfate subtype have different hydro chemical characteristics and salting-in and salting-out rules.

An Efficient Computational Model for Assessing the Stability Characteristics of Electro-active Natural Bio-resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-780
Author(s):  
Divyanshu Jhawar ◽  
Pranshu Sharma ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Kathiravan Srinivasan ◽  
Bor-Yann Chen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
The Stability

Background: The properties of the natural bio-sensors as the fuel after treatment, is beneficial and considered as the most environmental friendly alternative. The microbial fuel cell will help in the bio electricity generation. To use them first, it is important to know the stability and the characteristics of such organic compound. The research presents the computational methods of assessment of stability and characteristics analysis of organic herbs, Syzygium and Citrus. Objective: MFC has a very vast research area and many scientists are rigorously working on MFCs. Here, we have explained research work related to what we have presented in the paper. Methods: To compute the stability of these microbial fuel cells, we have used two different methods on each herb, Structural Similarity Index Method (SSIM) and Graph Comparison using their Coordinates (GCC). Results: This research work provides the results of convergence towards the stability of herbs. Further, this section also presents the performance characteristics of the software algorithms and their comparative results to verify the outcomes of the herb characteristics using both methods. Conclusion: The proposed work is efficient in finding stability of MFCs on the selected herbs. The approach should work fine on other herbs as well. Machine Learning could have been much useful for this purpose if the availability of the data would have been much high.

scholarly journals The stability and electronic and photocatalytic properties of the ZnWO4 (010) surface determined from first-principles and thermodynamic calculations

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (38) ◽  
pp. 23477-23490
Author(s):  
Yonggang Wu ◽  
Jihua Zhang ◽  
Bingwei Long ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculations ◽  
Photocatalytic Properties ◽  
Thermodynamic Approach ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Stability Phase Diagram ◽  
The Stability

The ZnWO4 (010) surface termination stability is studied using a density functional theory-based thermodynamic approach. The stability phase diagram shows that O-Zn, DL-W, and DL-Zn terminations of ZnWO4 (010) can be stabilized.

scholarly journals Information storage in permalloy modulated magnetic nanowires

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guidobeth Sáez ◽  
Pablo Díaz ◽  
Eduardo Cisternas ◽  
Eugenio E. Vogel ◽  
Juan Escrig
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Material ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Wire Diameter ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Magnetic Nanowires ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cylindrical Wire

AbstractA long piece of magnetic material shaped as a central cylindrical wire (diameter $$d=50$$ d = 50 nm) with two wider coaxial cylindrical portions (diameter $$D=90$$ D = 90 nm and thickness $$t=100$$ t = 100 nm) defines a bimodulated nanowire. Micromagnetism is invoked to study the equilibrium energy of the system under the variations of the positions of the modulations along the wire. The system can be thought of as composed of five independent elements (3 segments and 2 modulations) leading to $$2^5=32$$ 2 5 = 32 possible different magnetic configurations, which will be later simplified to 4. We investigate the stability of the configurations depending on the positions of the modulations. The relative chirality of the modulations has negligible contributions to the energy and they have no effect on the stability of the stored configuration. However, the modulations are extremely important in pinning the domain walls that lead to consider each segment as independent from the rest. A phase diagram reporting the stability of the inscribed magnetic configurations is produced. The stability of the system was then tested under the action of external magnetic fields and it was found that more than 50 mT are necessary to alter the inscribed information. The main purpose of this paper is to find whether a prototype like this can be complemented to be used as a magnetic key or to store information in the form of firmware. Present results indicate that both possibilities are feasible.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE NANOGEL OF NEVIRAPINE FOR VAGINAL APPLICATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Sheikh Sofiur Rahman ◽  
ABDUL BAQUEE AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Zero Order Kinetics ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate Nevirapine nanoparticle loaded mucoadhesive gel (NVP-Np mucoadhesive gel) for vaginal application for the treatment of HIV infection.  Methods: NVP loaded nanoparticles were prepared by salting out method followed by incorporation in different gel bases to produce NVP-Np mucoadhesive gel The prepared gels were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters, rheological characteristics, mucoadhesion, in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo permeation of drug across porcine vaginal mucosa.  Results: The result of FT-IR and DSC study confirmed the absence of incompatibility of NVP with excipients used in the formulations. The particle size of the prepared NVP-Np was found to be 243.8 ± 3.15 nm, a polydispersity index (PI) of 0.787± 0.002 and zeta potential value -17.12 mV, which revealed the stability of nanoparticles. All the formulations showed good homogeneity, spreadability, physical appearance and content uniformity. The pH of the mucoadhesive gel formulations was in the range of 3.70 ± 0.03 to 4.56 ± 0.02, which lies in the normal pH range of the vaginal fluid.  The cumulative amounts permeated at 6 h were 832.23 ± 63.45 μg/cm2 , 592.13 ± 82.55 μg/cm2 and 941.32 ± 81.10 μg/cm2 from F1(1% Chitosan), F2(1% Carbopol 974P) and F3 (1% HPMC K100M )  respectively. A linear relationship [r2 > 0.9 (0.97 n 0.99)] was observed between the percentage cumulative amount permeated and time, indicating zero order kinetics. Conclusion: In conclusion, NVP-Np mucoadhesive gel was prepared successfully using salting out followed by a homogenization technique for vaginal application of NVP for the prophylaxis of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Development of a CALPHAD Thermodynamic Database for Pu-U-Fe-Ga Alloys

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Moore ◽  
Patrice E.A. Turchi ◽  
Alexander Landa ◽  
Per Söderlind ◽  
Benoit Oudot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Thermodynamic Database ◽  
Impurity Effects ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Formation Enthalpies ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time

The interaction of actinides and actinide alloys such as the δ-stabilized Pu-Ga alloy with iron is of interest to understand the impurity effects on phase stability. A newly developed and self-consistent CALPHAD thermodynamic database is presented which covers the elements: Pu, U, Fe, Ga across their whole composition and temperature ranges. The phase diagram and thermodynamic properties of plutonium-iron (Pu-Fe) and uranium-iron (U-Fe) systems are successfully reassessed, with emphasis on the actinide rich side. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to validate the stability of the stoichiometric (Pu,U)6Fe and (Pu,U)Fe2 compounds by computing their formation enthalpies. These data are combined to construct the Pu-U-Fe ternary phase diagram. The thermodynamic assessment of Fe-Ga is presented for the first time and application to the quaternary Pu-U-Fe-Ga system is discussed.

scholarly journals Citizens’ Spatial Footprint on Twitter—Anomaly, Trend and Bias Investigation in Istanbul

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Giz Gulnerman ◽  
Himmet Karaman ◽  
Direnc Pekaslan ◽  
Serdar Bilgi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The City ◽  
Media Data

Social media (SM) can be an invaluable resource in terms of understanding and managing the effects of catastrophic disasters. In order to use SM platforms for public participatory (PP) mapping of emergency management activities, a bias investigation should be undertaken with regard to the data related to the study area (urban, regional or national, etc.) to determine the spatial data dynamics. Thus, such determinations can be made on how SM can be used and interpreted in terms of PP. In this study, the city of Istanbul was chosen for social media data research area, as it is one of the most crowded cities in the world and expecting a major earthquake. The methodology for the data investigation is: 1. Obtain data and engage sampling, 2. Identify the representation and temporal biases in the data and normalize it in response to representation bias, 3. Identify general anomalies and spatial anomalies, 4. Manipulate the trend of the dataset with the discretization of anomalies and 5. Examine the spatiotemporal bias. Using this bias investigation methodology, citizen footprint dynamics in the city were determined and reference maps (most likely regional anomaly maps, representation maps, time-space bias maps, etc.) were produced. The outcomes of the study can be summarized in four steps. First, highly active users generate the majority of the data and removing this data as a general approach within a pseudo-cleaning process means concealing a large amount of data. Second, data normalization in terms of activity levels, changes the anomaly outcome resulting from diverse representation levels of users. Third, spatiotemporally normalized data present strong spatial anomaly tendency in some parts of the central area. Fourth, trend data is dense in the central area and the spatiotemporal bias assessments show the data density varies in terms of the time of day, day of week and season of the year. The methodology proposed in this study can be used to extract the unbiased daily routines of the social media data of the regions for the normal days and this can be referred for the emergency or unexpected event cases to detect the change or impacts.

Salting-out and salting-in experiments with lignosulfonates (LSs)

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt O. Myrvold
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Common Ion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Ion Effect ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The solubility of lignosulfonates (LSs) in water is strongly dependent on other ions present in the water phase. The differences in the solubility might strongly influence the measurements of the physical and chemical properties of the LS molecules. A reduced solubility of the LS might also affect its utility in many practical applications. The understanding of the interaction between LSs and various salts is important for both practical and theoretical reasons. Therefore, the effect of salt concentrations on the LS has been investigated for 41 different salts with 14 different cations and 16 different anions. The observations cannot be explained by the common ion effect or the screening effects. On the contrary, it was found that the stability of LS solutions follows the Hofmeister series, with the exception of those ions that will chemically interact with the LS molecule. Moreover, the positions of phosphate (HPO42-) and sulfate (SO42-) ions were reversed.

Loss Characteristics Analysis and Optimization of an Off-Axis Rotary Optical Fiber Communication System

2014 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 788-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Wang ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Qiu Xin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Communication System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Fiber Communication ◽  
Fiber Communication ◽  
Experiment Platform ◽  
Optical Fiber Communication System ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Fiber Collimator ◽  
The Stability

The losses of the off-axis rotary optical fiber communication system were derived from optical fiber coupling, three kinds of misalignments between optical fiber collimators (Axial separation Z0, lateral offset X0, angular tilting θ), incomplete alignment of optical fiber collimator during rotation and system tremble caused by high speed rotating. Some measures were taken to reduce the loss. The thermally expanded core fiber collimator cut down the influence of axial separation and angular tilting. The position of the optical fiber collimator on the flange was adjusted and infrared right angle prisms were installed to reduce the losses during rotation of the system. In addition, improving the precision and optimizing device of mechanical structure can increase the stability of the whole experiment platform and decrease the losses.

A Note on the Stability of Metzler's Phase Diagram

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Patinkin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
The Stability
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