Sustainable Turning of Biocompatible Materials Using Eco Nano-Mist Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Gurraj Singh ◽  
Munish Gupta ◽  
Vishal S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubrication ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Cutting Speeds

In today’s industrial scenario, the requisite for elevated efficiency, better economic viability and higher quality asks for immense improvements in the cutting process stability. Such machining at higher cutting speeds and cutting depths causes an immense amount of heat generation at the work tool interface. The industry makes utilization of cooling techniques to contravene these ill-effects. These techniques make utilization of chemical coolants which are non-biodegradable in nature and consumed in immense quantities. In this study the role of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) or green machining was experimentally evaluated when utilizing nanoparticle enriched coolants. The effect on the wear and roughness values while turning commercially pure Titanium (Grade 3) was analyzed. Experimentation was performed in two phases. In the first phase, the comparison in dry, flood and MQL process was made. The experimental design was composed factorially and 16 experiments were performed. Analysis was carried out utilizing ANOVA and the results were compared. In the second phase, a graphical cognation was established between the coolant application rate with both surface roughness and flank wear values. It was concluded that the nanoparticle enriched coolant i.e. the “eco nanomist”technique was more efficacious when machining the biocompatible Titanium grade 3.

UPM CP TITANIUM GRADE 3 (UNS R50550)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Pure Grade ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Design Stress

Abstract UPM CP Titanium Grade 3 (UNS R50550) is an unalloyed commercially pure titanium that exhibits moderate strength (higher strength than that of Titanium Grade 2), along with excellent formability and corrosion resistance. It offers the highest ASME allowable design stress of any commercially pure grade of titanium, and can be used in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1000 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-167. Producer or source: United Performance Metals.

Homogeneity of Bulk Nanostructured Titanium Obtained by Hydrostatic Extrusion

2011 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Topolski ◽  
Halina Garbacz ◽  
Wacław Pachla ◽  
Krzysztof J. Kurzydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Hydrostatic Extrusion ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Size Diversity ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
Bulk Nanocrystalline ◽  
Nano Grains

The aim of this study was to investigate the homogeneity of the bulk nanocrystalline titanium rods obtained by Hydrostatic Extrusion (HE). The investigated material was commercially pure titanium grade 2. The final products of extrusion were nanocrystalline rods with diameters of 7 and 10 mm and lengths of about 250 mm. The size and shape of the grains were examined on transverse sections using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The grain size was determined by the average grain equivalent diameter d2. The grain size diversity was quantified in terms of the equivalent diameter coefficient of variation CV (d2). The samples for the microscopic analyses were cut from various regions of the rods i.e. top, end, centre, and from surface of the rods. In all the samples, the average grain size determined on transverse sections was about 70 nm and the nano-grains in the various regions of the rods were similar in the shape. The examinations demonstrated that the nanostructure of the extruded rods was homogeneous. This observation was confirmed by the results of microhardness measurements.

Wettability and osteoblastic cell adhesion on ultrapolished commercially pure titanium surfaces: the role of the oxidation and pollution states

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1207-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Alda Y. Sánchez-Treviño ◽  
Elvira De Luna-Bertos ◽  
Javier Ramos-Torrecillas ◽  
Olga García-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Osteoblastic Cell ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Titanium Surfaces

scholarly journals Restoration of subjectivity: the role of reflection in personality development and humanization of social institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vadim Markovich Rozin ◽  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Karnozova
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Resolution Analysis ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Personality Process

This article consists of two parts. The firs parts analyzes the general mechanism of reflection within the framework of the theoretical discourse; while the second part the introduced concepts and schemes of reflection are illustrated on the case of “restorative justice”. The analysis of two other cases (“Confession” by St. Augustine, as well as “Confessions” and “Resurrection” by L. Tolstoy) allows characterizing the two phases of psyche – preceding and accompanying reflection. The first phase represents a “crystallization of distortion subjectivity”, and at times its dissolution. The second phase (situation) launches the personality process, which can be described using the terminology of L. S. Vygotstky as “interiorization" of intersubjective; this is the conscious work that gives a new perspective on the situation and its resolution. Analysis is conducted on the two procedures of reflection itself ‒ reflexive way out to the space of “placelesness” (M. Bakhtin) with the shift of integrity and thingness, and reflexive return (G. Shchedrovitsky). Study of the case of restorative justice demonstrates the organizational-technical attitude towards reflection, communication and ensuring mutual understanding between people separated by crime, as a new moment in comparison with the “individual reflection” as internally determined personality process. The inclusion of reflection into social practices and humanities substantiates the possibility of complementing the concept of subjectivity and its “restoration” with the concept of agency as the proclivity for new actions, acquisition of the “authorial position” in relation to one's personal life and interaction with others.

scholarly journals The Effects Of Friction On Stamping Process Of Sheet Metals Used In Aviation

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1895-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dyja ◽  
W. Więckowski
Keyword(s):  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Spherical Cap ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Stamping Process ◽  
Strip Drawing ◽  
Titanium Grade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lubrication Conditions

Abstract An important factor in the possibility of obtaining correct drawn parts with the desired functional properties is the friction between the stamped sheet and the tool. The article discusses the impact of technological lubricants developed according to our own formulas, based on vegetable oils, on the stamping process taking into account the strain distributions in the drawn parts. Biodegradable lubricants based on rapeseed oil with an addition of stearic acid or boric acid were used. The results of the friction coefficient in a strip drawing test and the numerical analysis results of the stamping process of a spherical cap from sheet metal: aluminium 2024, commercially pure titanium Grade 2, steel 5604 in dry friction and lubrication conditions, are presented. Strain distributions and changes in the drawn part wall thickness were analysed.

Photocatalytic activity and antibacterial efficacy of UVA-treated titanium oxides

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 500-514
Author(s):  
Haden Andrew Johnson ◽  
Randall Scott Williamson ◽  
Mary Marquart ◽  
Joel David Bumgardner ◽  
Amol V Janorkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Titanium Oxides ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Uva Irradiation ◽  
Titanium Grade

Studies have shown ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation of crystalline titanium oxides leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via a photocatalytic process. The ROS exhibit antimicrobial properties that may be of benefit in preventing bacterial attachment to implant devices. Recent studies have suggested a potential benefit of mixed anatase and rutile oxides and dopants on the photocatalytic properties of titanium oxides. The goal of this work was to compare the photocatalytic activity of different anodized commercially pure titanium grade 4 (CPTi4) surfaces. CPTi4 specimens were anodized in three mixed-acid electrolytes to create crystalline oxide surfaces that were either primarily anatase, primarily rutile, or a combination of anatase and rutile. Additionally, the primarily anatase and combination oxides incorporated some phosphorous from the phosphoric acid component in the electrolyte. The photocatalytic activity of the anodized specimens was measured using both methylene blue (MB) degradation assay and comparing the attachment of S. aureus under irradiation with UVA light of differing intensities (1 mW/cm2, 8 mW/cm2, and 23 mW/cm2). Primarily rutile oxides exhibited significantly higher levels of MB degradation after exposure to 1 mW/cm2 UVA lights. Primarily rutile specimens also had the largest reduction in bacterial attachment followed by the mixed phase specimens and the primarily anatase specimens at 1 mW/cm2 UVA lights. Phosphorous-doped, mixed phase oxides exhibited an accelerated MB degradation response during exposure to 8 mW/cm2 and 23 mW/cm2 UVA lights. All anodized and unanodized CPTi4 groups revealed similar S. aureus attachment at the two higher UVA intensities. Although MB degradation assay and the bacteria attachment assay both confirmed photocatalytic activity of the oxides formed in this study, the results of the MB degradation assay did not accurately predict the oxides performance against S. aureus.

scholarly journals Thromboinflammation as bioactivity assessment of H2O2-alkali modified titanium surfaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gry Hulsart-Billström ◽  
Oscar Janson ◽  
Håkan Engqvist ◽  
Ken Welch ◽  
Jaan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Coagulation Activation ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Modified Surface ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Titanium Grade

Abstract The release of growth factors from platelets, mediated by the coagulation and the complement system, plays an important role in the bone formation around implants. This study aimed at exploring the thromboinflammatory response of H2O2-alkali soaked commercially pure titanium grade 2 discs exposed to whole human blood, as a way to assess the bioactivity of the discs. Commercially pure titanium grade 2 discs were modified by soaking in H2O2, NaOH and Ca(OH)2. The platelet aggregation, coagulation activation and complement activation was assessed by exposing the discs to fresh whole blood from human donors. The platelet aggregation was examined by a cell counter and the coagulation and complement activation were assessed by ELISA-measurements of the concentration of thrombin-antithrombin complex, C3a and terminal complement complex. The modified surface showed a statistically significant increased platelet aggregation, coagulation activation and complement activation compared to unexposed blood. The surface also showed a statistically significant increase of coagulation activation compared to PVC. The results of this study showed that the H2O2-alkali soaked surfaces induced a thromboinflammatory response that indicates that the surfaces are bioactive.

Urban elites c. 1830–1930 and urban history

Urban History ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Urban Elites ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Future Direction

The intention of this paper is to review the ways in which the role of urban elites has been examined and interpreted, and to show how the traditional concepts of social control and hegemony have required modification. The paper identifies two phases of study. The first phase was descriptive, concerned primarily with the identification and categorization of elites. The second phase, which began in the 1980s, was interactional and explored the influence of elites in inter-class relationships. The interactional role of elites is discussed in detail in relation to the exemplar of mid-nineteenth-century Manchester. The paper continues by considering the changes which elites began to undergo in the transitional conditions of the late nineteenth century. The significance of recent work is assessed and the paper concludes with some comments regarding the future direction of study on urban elites.

The role of phase transformation mechanism on the grain boundary network in a commercially pure titanium

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 110640
Author(s):  
Ehsan Farabi ◽  
Vahid Tari ◽  
Peter D. Hodgson ◽  
Gregory S. Rohrer ◽  
Hossein Beladi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Transformation Mechanism ◽  
Commercially Pure
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document