Impact of Surface Treatment of Historic Bricks on the Process of Water Vapours Diffusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 868 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Lukáš Balík ◽  
Lucie Kudrnáčová ◽  
Šárka Nenadálova ◽  
Michaela Kostelecká
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Diffusion Flow ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Heated Object

The article is dealing with impact of selected types of surface finish of historic bricks on their diffusion properties, i.e. on the process of their spontaneous self-drying. Within the pilot experiment was monitored diffusion flow of water vapours going from humid brick fragment through its surface finish to the surrounding environment. Brick fragment was saturated with water to a degree usually corresponding to common humidity of uninsulated underground brickwork of historic buildings. Surrounding environment had parameters of common heated object for residential or administrative purpose or an object for storage of things sensitive to impact of high relative air humidity. Test results proved that any surface finish of the brickwork, even its hydropohobisation is significantly slowing down process of drying of the masonry compared to the speed of drying of the untreated brickwork. It is evident from the course of lines of diffusion flows that the process of water vapours diffusion is most intense at the beginning of the period (about 5 to 10 days) and after this period the diffusion flow speed goes to a long-term stabilisation of diffusion flow speed, in such a way that its course is in average corresponding to linear functional dependence on time. In conclusion of the article we introduce on practical example calculation of real time of drying up of the masonry in historic building selected space flooded with flood water where is now running process of natural drying without additional humidity sources.

scholarly journals Kazakhstan black soil organic substance agrogenic transformation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Akhylbek Kazhigulovich Kurishbayev ◽  
Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Zvyagin ◽  
Nadezhda Vasilevna Yaroslavtseva ◽  
Boris Maratovich Kogut
Keyword(s):  
Organic Substance ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Soil Evaluation ◽  
Forest Belts

Currently despite the extended study of the temporary dynamic of the cultivated soil organic substance on the global scale scientists pay much attention to the establishing the patterns of its quantitative transformation on the regional level depending on the systems of agricultural exploitation for the purpose of clarifying the worldwide estimate of humus reserve in relation to the issue of the greenhouse effect. In this regard we have examined the modern dynamic (1990-2015) of the regular and southern black soil organic substance in the conditions of long-term stationary field experiments in the primary grain-sowing region of the Northern Kazakhstan. Based on the data from alternative time periods on the proportion of Соргand N in the upper (mainly 0-25 cm) layer of virgin and agrogenic black soil of Akmolinsk and Kostanay regions of Kazakhstan we have discovered the distinctive characteristics of changes in the content of soil organic substance. It has been demonstrated that the content of humus in the regular black soil is significantly higher than that in the southern carbonated black soil. Evaluation of transforming and inert pool of organic carbon in virgin and agrogenic variants of southern black soil has been made. It has been established that currently in the result of influence from various methods of southern black soil treatment the rate of humus percentage decrease is slowing down in comparison with that of the previous period of its agricultural exploitation, however, in practice, those methods, including the subsurface tilling, do not halt the de-humusization process. Content of humus in soil of the variants with continuous spring wheat is approaching that with continuous complete fallow. There are sufficient grounds to suggest that the reason for de-humusization of the southern black soil could reside in biochemical (mineralization), as well as physical (deflation) loss of humus. Particular danger comes from the wind erosion resulting in percentage of humus dropping even below its minimal value, i.e. due to the decrease of nearly unrecoverable inert part. In agrogenic regular black soil, during the closing period of its agricultural exploitation, there has been no humus loss detected, which is most probably related to the existence of protective anti-erosion forest belts in the studied fields area.

scholarly journals An Accreting Stellar Binary Model for Active Periodic Fast Radio Bursts

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Can-Min Deng ◽  
Shu-Qing Zhong ◽  
Zi-Gao Dai
Keyword(s):  
Compact Object ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Reverse Shock ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Binary Model ◽  
Forward Shock ◽  
Long Lifetime

Abstract In this work, we propose an accreting stellar binary model for understanding the active periodic fast radio bursts (FRBs). The system consists of a stellar compact object (CO) and a donor star (DS) companion in an eccentric orbit, where the DS fills its own Roche lobe near the periastron. The CO accretes the material from the DS and then drives relativistic magnetic blobs. The interaction between the magnetic blobs and the stellar wind of the DS produces a pair of shocks. We find that both the reverse shock and the forward shock are likely to produce FRBs via the synchrotron maser mechanism. We show that this system can in principle sufficiently produce highly active FRBs with a long lifetime, and also can naturally explain the periodicity and the duty cycle of the activity that appeared in FRBs 180916 and 121102. The radio nebula excited by the long-term injection of magnetic blobs into the surrounding environment may account for the associated persistent radio source. In addiction, we discuss the possible multiwavelength counterparts of FRB 180916 in the context of this model. Finally, we encourage the search for FRBs in ultraluminous X-ray sources.

Complementary Cybersecurity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Eugen F. POPESCU
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Surrounding Environment

The paper presents the need for enhancing the classical Cybersecurity domain of study with a set of complementary perspectives that are meant to support and facilitate a proper long-term human evolution, as well as a balanced and healthy environment. It describes the influence of human decisions on the technology, in its entire lifecycle, and likewise the technological feedback that is experienced both by the human and the nature, in return. It emphasizes the need for profound analysis of the influences that technology brings on humans – as individuals and as society – and on the surrounding environment. In the same time, it points towards the importance of adaptation of our daily lives to the technological advancements. The paper concludes with a set of necessities for raising the awareness and knowledge on these matters, in order to document and support the decisions that shape our realities.

Palliative Management of Parkinson Disease: Focus on Nonmotor, Distressing Symptoms

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack J. Chen ◽  
Dominick P. Trombetta ◽  
Hubert H. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Motor Complications ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Increased Risk

Parkinson disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that commonly affects elderly persons. In the absence of neuroprotective or curative therapies, currently available therapies only provide symptomatic benefit. Progression to advanced Parkinson disease is often accompanied by functional dependence with increased risk of admission to a long-term care facility. The prevalence of Parkinson disease in long-term care facilities, within the United States, has been estimated to be between 5.2% and 10%. Patients with advanced Parkinson disease also experience other distressing motor and nonmotor conditions, such as motor complications, dementia, depression, gastrointestinal distress, orthostatic hypotension, pain, and psychosis, which can be a challenge for clinicians to manage. The presence of distressing symptoms along with the fact that Parkinson disease remains incurable necessitate discussion on a palliative care approach to this disorder. This article discusses the symptomatic management of distressing symptoms encountered in the long-term care resident with Parkinson disease, including motor complications and nonmotor features.

scholarly journals Influence of inflation on long-term economic growth in the context of the raw material orientation of the national economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Aizhan Omarova ◽  
Zhanar Oralbaeva ◽  
Assel Turlybekova ◽  
Assiya Marat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Material Orientation ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
The Cost

In modern conditions for Kazakhstan, it becomes important to choose a development model that would be the most optimal and effective. When developing a model of economic policy, special attention should be paid to the choice of a system of indicators that could adequately describe macroeconomic processes as a whole and their interconnections. At the same time, economists argue that the implementation of the model approach can become the basis for strategic decisions only in a stable economic situation and when in the period under review the change in the cost structure of GDP is not distorted by high inflation. Therefore, in modern conditions of economic development, in our opinion, it is of interest to study the relationship between economic growth and the level of current and threshold inflation. This study substantiates the role of the threshold inflation level and proposes an equation of the functional dependence of this indicator on the main economic indicators. The necessary conditions for the implementation of the inflation targeting regime are disclosed. It is concluded that in conditions of commodity dependence, new effective monetary policy instruments are required.

scholarly journals Improvement of the procedure of new filter masks development

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00038
Author(s):  
Serhii Cheberyachko ◽  
Yurii Cheberyachko ◽  
Dmytro Radchuk ◽  
Oleg Deryugin ◽  
Olha Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Inlet Valve ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Face Features ◽  
Spline Surface ◽  
Downhill Simplex ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The purpose is to substantiate theoretically the design of elastomeric half mask and canister of respirator of long-term protection. To develop the models for theoretical calculations of protective properties of dust masks the theory of non-stationary filtration and hydro aerodynamics was applied. To develop the digital model of a head the downhill simplex method was applied reflecting separate face features considering sex or age; to determine the halfmask surface the free energy equation for bowed plate being described by two-dimension spline surface was used with its unknown coefficients determined by method of proportional parts based on three-dimension coordinates of anthropometric face features. The main anthropometric face features influencing halfmasks design were determined to develop polygonous 3D model of head. According to its determined basic coordinates the surface of halfmask was determined using method of interpolation. Considering the mathematical model describing the movement of dust flows near a halfmask and in canister the dependences of distribution of air flow speed in a canister of variable geometry were set and kinematic parameters of dust-laden airflow according to a canister volume were determined. Reasonable geometric parameters of canister were determined; transient modulation from filter to inlet valve hole is performed as a contractor.

scholarly journals What drives tectonic plates?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. eaax4295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Coltice ◽  
Laurent Husson ◽  
Claudio Faccenna ◽  
Maëlis Arnould
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Mantle Flow ◽  
Consistent System ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Ill Posed

Does Earth’s mantle drive plates, or do plates drive mantle flow? This long-standing question may be ill posed, however, as both the lithosphere and mantle belong to a single self-organizing system. Alternatively, this question is better recast as follows: Does the dynamic balance between plates and mantle change over long-term tectonic reorganizations, and at what spatial wavelengths are those processes operating? A hurdle in answering this question is in designing dynamic models of mantle convection with realistic tectonic behavior evolving over supercontinent cycles. By devising these models, we find that slabs pull plates at rapid rates and tear continents apart, with keels of continents only slowing down their drift when they are not attached to a subducting plate. Our models show that the tectonic tessellation varies at a higher degree than mantle flow, which partly unlocks the conceptualization of plate tectonics and mantle convection as a unique, self-consistent system.

Beyond the Albanian–Slav Divide: Political Cooperation and National Identities in the Balkans at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-47
Author(s):  
Fabio Bego
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates how some prominent and less known Albanian activists perceived their Southern Slav neighbors at the turn of the twentieth century. The research explores the way in which the spread of nationalism conditioned the positioning of Albanians and Slavs in the process of identity construction and how such identities mirrored their reciprocal political claims. Recent scholarship has often emphasized that the affirmation of national ideas led to the fragmentation of Balkan communities by turning Albanian-speaking populations and their Slavic-speaking neighbors into “others.” My analysis expands this assertion by elaborating a theoretical approach that allows us to explore the impact of nationalism on the post-1878 Balkan context from a more dynamic point of view. National discourses did not only lay the foundation for a differentiation between the Balkan communities, but were also tools for promoting joint political activism. National activists often felt it necessary to cooperate in order to deal with the challenges posed by the surrounding environment, which was common to both Albanians and Slavs. Various contingent circumstances led Albanian activists to project long-term forms of coexistence with their neighbors, and to imagine forms of political, cultural, and social synthesis with the Slavs.

scholarly journals Economic results of agricultural enterprises in 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Střeleček ◽  
J. Lososová ◽  
R. Zdeněk
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Long Term Trends

Every year, an analysis of economic results of a sample of agricultural enterprises farming in various production and climatic conditions in the territory of the Czech Republic is carried out by applying economic statistical methods. Based on these results, long-term trends of economic results and their influencing factors are defined. This article is based on the analysis of development of economic indicators of a sample of agricultural enterprises in the Czech Republic in the period 2003–2009, divided according to the proportion of the LFA. The year 2009 brought, in comparison with the previous years, a strong deterioration in economic results. In 2009, the economic result was the worst during the whole monitored period. The decrease in the average number of workers together with the increase in labour productivity manifests a long-term tendency. Agricultural subsidies tend also to grow in the long-term even though their growth has been slowing down.

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