How Efficient are LC3 and GGBFS-Contained Mortar Mixtures Submerged into Na2SO4 Solution against External Sulfate Attack at an early Age?

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Islam Orynbassarov ◽  
Chang Seon Shon ◽  
Jong Ryeol Kim ◽  
Umut Bektimirova ◽  
Aidyn Tugelbayev
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Sulfate Resistance ◽  
Dense Microstructure ◽  
Pozzolanic Materials

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is one of the most widely used construction materials in civil engineering infrastructure construction but it is susceptible to sulfate attack. One of the ways to improve the sulfate resistance of an OPC mortar/concrete is to replace a certain amount of OPC with different pozzolanic materials such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and metakaolin. The use of pozzolanic materials to mortar/concrete not only enhances durability but also reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) emission due to the less usage of OPC at the initial construction state. As considering these aspects, limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) has been developed in recent decades. However, the influence of LC3 on sulfate attack resistance has not been fully evaluated. Therefore, this study investigated the efficiency of LC3 mortar mixtures against sulfate attack at an early age (approximately 4.5 months) after two different curing periods, namely 1-day and 3-day curing, since the strength of the LC3 mixture is lower than OPC mixtures. To evaluate the synergistic effect of a combination of LC3 and GGBFS on the sulfate resistance, the LC3 and OPC mixtures containing 25% GGBFS were also assessed in terms of density, porosity, compressive strength, volumetric expansion, and weight changes. The experiment results show that the expansion of the LC3 mixture regardless of the addition of GGBFS and an initial curing strength made a plateau after a rapid increase up to 7 days, while the expansion of the OPC mixture kept increasing throughout the period. Furthermore, the addition of GGBFS to OPC or LC3 mixture provides the synergistic effect on reducing the expansion due to sulfate attack. Therefore, if LC3 mixture has high initial strength (min. 15 MPa) and dense microstructure to minimize the penetration of sulfate ion into the mixture, it is expected that LC3 mixture is more efficient than OPC mixture against the sulfate attack.

Research Progress on the Hydration of Portland Cement with Calcined Clay and Limestone

2021 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Jin Tang ◽  
Su Hua Ma ◽  
Wei Feng Li ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Xiao Dong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Hydration Products ◽  
Early Hydration ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Dense Microstructure

The use of calcined clay and limestone as supplementary cementitious materials, can have a certain influence on the hydration of Portland cement. This paper reviewed the influence of limestone and calcined clay and the mixture of limestone and calcined clay on the hydration of cement. Both limestone and calcined clay accelerate the hydration reaction in the early hydration age and enhance the properties of cement. Limestone reacts with C3A to form carboaluminate, which indirectly stabilized the presence of ettringite, while calcined clay consumed portlandite to form C-(A)-S-H gel, additional hydration products promote the densification of pore structure and increase the mechanical properties. The synergistic effect of calcined clay and limestone stabilize the existence of ettringite and stimulate the further formation of carboaluminate, as well as the C-(A)-S-H gel, contributed to a dense microstructure.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Oil Palm Based Pozzolanic Materials/Oil Palm Waste on Polyester Hybrid Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 4063-4072 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. M. Suraya ◽  
F. A. T. Owolabi ◽  
H. P. S. Abdul Khalil ◽  
Chaturbhuj K. Saurabh ◽  
M. T. Paridah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Pozzolanic Materials ◽  
Palm Waste ◽  
Oil Palm Waste

Study on Sulfate Resistance of Concrete with Compound Mineral Admixture

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Rong Yang ◽  
Xiao Qian Wang ◽  
Hui Ji
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Sulfate Resistance ◽  
Chemical Attack ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

The strength, expansion and amount of scaling of concrete with compound mineral admixture (CMA) from steel slag, granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash were studied. The result shows that damage by crystallization press from sulfate attack when concrete was exposed to sulfate environments under wetting–drying alternation is much larger than that from sulfate chemical attack. Adding CMA to concrete could reduce the damage from expansion of concrete caused by sulfate chemical attack, but the resistance of concrete to damage by crystallization press from sulfate attack was remarkably reduced.

scholarly journals A Review on Expansive Soils Stabilized with Different Pozzolanic Materials

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Kalili ◽  
Ahmed S. Ali ◽  
Abbas J. Al-Taie
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Collapsible Soil ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pozzolanic Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Furnace Slag

Soils that cause effective damages to engineer structures (such as pavement and foundation) are called problematic or difficult soils (include collapsible soil, expansive soil, etc.). These damages occur due to poor or unfavorited engineering properties, such as low shear strength, high compressibility, high volume changes, etc. In the case of expansive soil, the problem of the shrink-swell phenomenon, when the soil reacts with water, is more pronounced. To overcome such problems, soils can be treated or stabilized with many stabilization ways (mechanical, chemical, etc.). Such ways can amend the unfavorited soil properties. In this review, the pozzolanic materials have been selected to be presented and discussed as chemical stabilizers. The selected pozzolanic materials are traditional, industrial, or byproducts, ashes of agricultural wastes, and calcined-clay types. They are lime, cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume, rice husk ash, sugarcane straw ash, egg ash, coconut husk ash, and metakaolin. In general, the stabilization of expansive soils with pozzolanic materials has an essential impact on swelling and Atterberg-limits and positively affects compaction and strength parameters. However, there is a wide range for the percentages of pozzolanic materials used as stabilizers. The content (15% to 20%) is the most ratios of the stabilizers used as an optimal percentage, and beyond this ratio, the addition of the pozzolanic materials produces an undesirable effect.

scholarly journals Effects of Carbonation on the Properties of Concrete

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Ikumapayi C. M. ◽  
Adeniji A. A. ◽  
Obisesan A. A. ◽  
Odeyemi O. ◽  
Ajayi J. A.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Accelerated Carbonation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Carbonation Process

Concrete is one of the reliable, durable, economical and acceptable construction materials among the building and construction stakeholders worldwide. Performance of concrete could be threatened especially reinforced concrete by some processes such as corrosion, sulfate attack among others. Corrosion of reinforcement in reinforced concrete can be induced by carbonation process. Even though carbonation initiates corrosion, it has been gathered that carbonation could still be of immense benefits to building and construction industries if its mechanism of operation is understudied. This research work has therefore investigated the effect of carbonation on some selected mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weight changes. Concrete cubes and beams of M15 grade with 0.5 % water-cement ratio were prepared and subjected to accelerated carbonation. Their compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weight changes were determined in accordance with the relevant standards. The outcomes show that carbonation improves all the mechanical properties investigated. The use of carbonation can be positively explored in reinforced concrete provided there is adequate nominal cover.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nano Clay on Normal and High-Performance Concrete Characteristics: A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012085
Author(s):  
Aseel Mansi ◽  
Nadhim Hamah Sor ◽  
Nahla Hilal ◽  
Shaker M A Qaidi
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Nano Clay ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of nano clay to improve the qualities of construction materials and engineering applications has attracted a lot of discussion in recent years. This review article summarizes the influence of nano clay as a cement substitute and supplement on the performance of conventional and high-performance concrete. The addition of nano clay to high performance concrete revealed an increase in compressive and flexural strength, as well as durability attributes such as resistance to elevated temperatures and sulfate attack, while simultaneously decreasing porosity, permeability, and water absorption. This enhancement is a result of nano clay’s roles as nano reinforcements, nanofillers, nucleation sites, and reactive pozzolans, which promote hydration and increase material characteristics.

scholarly journals Limestone and Calcined Clay-Based Sustainable Cementitious Materials for 3D Concrete Printing: A Fundamental Study of Extrudability and Early-Age Strength Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Li ◽  
Chaves Figueiredo ◽  
Çopuroğlu ◽  
Veer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Green Strength

The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of different grades of calcined clay on the extrudability and early-age strength development under ambient conditions. Four mix designs were proposed. Three of them contained high, medium, and low grades of calcined clay, respectively, and one was the reference without calcined clay. In terms of extrudability, an extrusion test method based on the ram extruder was introduced to observe the quality of extruded material filaments, and to determine the extrusion pressure of tested materials at different ages. For evaluating the very early-age strength development, the penetration resistance test, the green strength test, and the ultrasonic pulse velocity test were applied. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the developed mix designs were determined by the compressive strength test at 1, 7 and 28 days. Finally, the main finding of this study was that increasing the metakaolin content in calcined clay could significantly increase the extrusion pressures and green strength, shorten the initial setting time and enhance the compressive strength at 1, 7, and 28 days.

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