Using Experiments Design to Model Linear Firing Shrinkage of Triaxial Ceramic Bodies

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivaldo Leite Correia ◽  
K.A.S. Curto ◽  
Dachamir Hotza ◽  
Ana M. Segadães
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Potash Feldspar ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Ceramics Industry ◽  
The Ideal

In the development and manufacture stages of floor and wall ceramic tiles, firing shrinkage is basically determined by the combination of raw materials and frequently used as quality control parameters. This configures the ideal scenario to apply the techniques of experiments design, often used in various other areas, to model those properties of such ceramics bodies. In this work, ten formulations of three different raw materials, namely a clay mixture, potash feldspar and quartz (triaxial compositions) were selected and processed under conditions similar to those used in the ceramics industry. With the experimental results, a regression model was calculated, relating linear shrinkage with composition. After statistical analysis and verification experiments, the significance and validity of the model was confirmed. The regression model can then be used to select the best combination of those three raw materials to produce a ceramic body with specified properties.

scholarly journals Technique for optimization of ceramic bodies using mixture design

Cerâmica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (340) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Silveira ◽  
J. P. Leite
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Powder Preparation ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Ceramics Industry ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In the production of wall and floor ceramic tiles, mixtures of raw materials from several origins with different physical and chemical characteristics are used. Those changes of raw materials alter the quality of the finished product, what implicates in the constant reformulation in the composition of the ceramic mass through try and error, consuming time and materials. This configures the ideal circumstance to apply the techniques of experiments design, often used in many areas to model properties of such ceramic bodies. In the present study, 21 formulations of six raw materials, namely talc, quartz, calcareous, phyllite, dolomite and clay were selected and used as control factors in the experiments design. Those formulations were processed under conditions similar to those used in the ceramics industry: powder preparation (wet grinding, drying, granulation and drying), green body preparation (pressing and drying), firing (at 1180 ºC) and characterization. With the experimental results, regression models were calculated, relating bending strength, linear firing shrinkage and water absorption. After statistical analysis and verification experiments, the significance and validity of the models were confirmed, and one technique for optimization of ceramic bodies was developed: a mathematical expressions denominated loss of quality function. The regression models and the developed technique of the loss quality can then be used for the best combination of those six raw materials to produce a ceramic body with specified properties.

Quantitative Infrared Thermography (IRT) and Holographic Interferometry (HI): Nondestructive Testing (NDT) for Defects Detection in the Silicate Ceramics Industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Sfarra ◽  
Dario Ambrosini ◽  
Alfonso Paoletti ◽  
Domenica Paoletti ◽  
Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Shrinkage Process ◽  
On Line ◽  
Ceramics Industry ◽  
Selection Of

Ceramics are inorganic materials fabricated by a high-temperature chemical reaction. Most ceramics are oxides, but the term is also used for silicides, nitrides and oxynitrides, hybrids and other inorganic materials. It is convenient to consider ceramics that are essentially silicates, called traditional ceramics, separately from all of the others. In the ceramic industry testing systems are seldom employed for detecting on-line the presence of defects in ceramic tiles. Defects in the ceramic body are usually originated during the pressing stage due to the incorrect use of process parameters or to the improper selection of raw materials. These defects are generally characterized by the inclusion of heterogeneous materials or agglomerates, which decreases the structural strength jeopardizing the final quality of the produced piece. Disagreeable repercussions on the sale market, especially on higher-quality ceramics such as porcelain, are characterized by the lack of specific nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques that “certify”, pre-emptive, the quality of the produced piece. The integration of IRT and HI for the NDT of a green ceramic tile with both fabricated and real defects (cracks caused by the natural shrinkage process), allowed us to produce a clear “defects map”.

Microstructural Analysis of Petroleum Waste Containing Ceramic Tile

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 845-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno C.A. Pinheiro ◽  
J.N.F. Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Sintered Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Petroleum Waste ◽  
Materials Used

In this work is done a study on the sintered microstructure of ceramic tile paste incorporated with petroleum waste. The raw materials used were kaolin, sodic feldspar, quartz and petroleum waste. The ceramic tiles containing up to 5 wt% petroleum waste were prepared by uniaxial pressing and sintered at 1200°C. The microstructural evolution was examined by SEM. In addition, water absorption, linear shrinkage, and sintered density were determined. The results showed that the microstructure of the ceramic tiles is influenced by the added petroleum waste.

Influence of the Granite Waste into a Clayey Ceramic Body for Rustic Wall Tiles

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Castoldi Borlini Gadioli ◽  
Mariane Costalonga de Aguiar ◽  
Abiliane de Andrade Pazeto ◽  
Sérgio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Ornamental Stones ◽  
Error Bar ◽  
Press Molding

This work has as its objective to evaluate the influence of a granite waste into a clayey ceramic body for obtaining of rustic wall tiles. As raw materials, a clayey ceramic body for red ceramic production and a granite waste, resulting from ornamental stones cutting with the multi-wire technology were used. Compositions using 0, 10, 20 and 30% of waste incorporated into ceramic body were prepared. Specimens were fabricated by uniaxial press-molding at 20 MPa and sintered at 1050°C. The following properties were determined: linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural rupture strength. In general, within the error bar, there was no influence of the waste in the values of water absorption of the clayey ceramic body. The results showed that all investigated formulations used in this work for the production of rustic wall tiles attend the standards for water absorption and mechanical strength.

scholarly journals Effect of kaolinitic clays from the State of Rio de Janeiro in the composition of whiteware floor tile bodies

Cerâmica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (322) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. F. Vieira ◽  
L. A. Peçanha Jr. ◽  
S. N. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Floor Tile ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
The State ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Floor Tiles

This work presents an investigation that was undertaken for three types of kaolinitic clays from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with a potential use in whiteware floor tiles bodies. Different compositions prepared by mixing the three clays with other materials such as kaolin, quartz, philite, potash feldspar and talc, were investigated and compared with an industrial ceramic body for whiteware floor tiles (group BIIa). Physical and mechanical properties such as linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength were evaluated in pressed specimens fired at temperatures varying from 1025 to 1225 ºC. The microstructure of the specimens was studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry. The results indicated that the prepared compositions presented microstructural characteristics, specially the pore size distribution, and technological properties that are compatible with low-porosity ceramic tiles. However, they also display characteristics, such as an excessive plasticity and high loss on ignition, that could generate problems during the industrial processing.

Effects of Raw Materials on the Technological Properties of Brick Compositions Using a Statistical Design Approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivaldo Leite Correia ◽  
Elayne Grun ◽  
Christian D. Denardi ◽  
Dachamir Hotza ◽  
Marilena Valadares Folgueras
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Vitreous Phase ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Closed Porosity ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Ceramics Industry

The simultaneous effect of raw materials (A, B and C) on physical and technological properties of brick compositions was studied. This investigation was carried out using the statistical design of mixture experiments. Ten mixtures of three raw materials were selected and used in the experiments design. Those mixtures were processed under conditions similar to those found in the ceramics industry. Fired body characterisation results were then used to iteratively calculate statistically significant and valid regression equations (trace plots), relating linear firing shrinkage, open porosity, fired bending strength and water absorption with the proportions of raw materials. The microstructures of some selected samples were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Mixtures with high clay B contents were most adequate to produce, under constant processing conditions, a brick with specified properties. The microstructures are characterized by a low closed porosity and absence of vitreous phase.

scholarly journals Recycling of the Mixture Resulted from Roller Kiln Waste and Ceramic Tiles Sludge Waste in the Manufacturing of Ceramic Floor Tiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1132-1138
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Roller Kiln ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Firing Shrinkage

Ceramic tiles industry produced many types of wastes that are routinely discarded as stock piles. One of the environmental problems associated with roller kilns is the periodic need to grind its rollers which results in a waste powder. The second type of waste is ceramic tiles sludge which produced from a water treatment plant in the ceramic tiles factory. This paper investigates the probability of substituting part of the main body of floor tiles mixture by these two types of waste powder. Many Experiments were done on the raw materials. Rectangular tile specimens were molded, dried and fired. Linear firing shrinkage, loss on ignition, sintering parameters, and mechanical properties were determined. It was found that the samples with the composition (1% Roller Kiln, 35% Ceramic tiles sludge, and 64% Floor tiles mixture) or (2% Roller Kiln, 24% Ceramic tiles sludge, and 74% Floor tiles mixture) have the optimum properties.

Characteristics and firing behaviour of the under-Numidian clay deposits from the Jijel region (northeast Algeria): potential use in the ceramics industry

Clay Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Abdelmalek Baghdad ◽  
Rekia Bouazi ◽  
Youcef Bouftouha ◽  
Frédéric Hatert ◽  
Nathalie Fagel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Ceramics Industry

AbstractThe Numidian Aquitano-Burdigalian nappe from the Jijel region (northeast Algeria) shows an important clay-rich basal series. In this study, seven representative clay samples were collected from the Djimla and El-Milia areas of this region in order to analyse their mineralogy using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence, particle size, plasticity, morphology by scanning electron microscopy and their ceramic properties. Samples were prepared by pressing the clays and firing them at 800–1100°C, and bulk density, water absorption, linear firing shrinkage, weight loss and bending strength values were determined on the fired samples. The clays are mainly composed of kaolinite and illite, with a small amount of 10–14 Å interstratified clay minerals and chlorite, associated with quartz and feldspars. The main oxides in the samples were SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The clays may be classified as moderately plastic according to their Atterberg limits. Ceramic tiles have been produced by dry pressing. At all tested firing temperatures, the clays present the required standard values for linear firing shrinkage, weight loss, bulk density, water absorption and bending strength, and they are defect-free. The main transformations were observed at 1000°C with the appearance of new crystalline phases. The measured technological properties of the investigated deposits confirm that the Numidian clays from the Djimla and El-Milia regions are suitable materials for the production of high-quality structural ceramics.

scholarly journals Studies on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Ceramic Tiles Produced from Locally Available Raw Materials

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Jahan ◽  
S Parveen ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
M Moniruz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Increasing Demand

Due to the increasing demand of cost-effective tiles in Bangladesh, using the locally available raw materials five different batches of tiles have been prepared and their physical properties (firing shrinkage, bending strength, water absorption, bulk density etc.) as well as chemical properties were studied in order to evaluate the quality of the products. The present investigation revealed that various properties of the produced tiles are similar to those present in commercial tiles which are available in the local market. Key words: Tiles, Firing shrinkage, Bending strength, Water absorption, Bulk density. DOI: 10.3329.bjsir.v43i1.859 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(1), 77-88, 2008

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