Hardware and Software Improvements in the Hotbird

The Hotbird is a state of the art X-ray laboratory for advanced materials characterisation, installed at ITN since 1999. Several major improvements in its capabilities have been implemented. On the one hand, new hardware developments have extended the applications that can be studied and on the other hand, new software has enabled both enhanced automated control of the system, and improved data analysis that leads to extraction of further precise information from the data. One improvement was the implementation of the x-ray reflectometry (XRR) technique, which is a major expansion of the Hotbird capabilities. XRR is well-suited to characterise film thickness and roughness with high resolution. Furthermore, several optics improvements, such as a Göbel mirror and monochromators were introduced. The combination of this optics allows one to use either a higher intensity beam (orders of magnitude better) or a higher resolution beam configuration. A new high-temperature chamber was developed, which allows one to perform in-situ experiments with excellent temperature control up to 800 °C, in all possible configurations. Data simulation/fitting analysis software for XRR was developed. Also, to control the diffractometer and perform experiments, a new user-friendly software package was developed. In order to illustrate the Hotbird capabilities improvements, several experimental examples will be described.

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Time-resolved XRD experiments for a fine description of mechanisms induced during reactive sintering

Science of Sintering ◽

10.2298/sos0501027p ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Paris ◽

E. Gaffet ◽

D. Vrel ◽

D. Thiaudiere ◽

M. Gailhanou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Sintering ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Reaction Parameters ◽

Time Resolved ◽

X Ray ◽

Synthesis Conditions ◽

Nanostructure Materials ◽

Synchrotron Beam ◽

The One

The control of Mechanically Activated Field Activated Pressure Assisted Synthesis hereafter called the MAFAPAS process is the main objective to be achieved for producing nanostructure materials with a controlled consolidation level. Consequently, it was essential to develop characterization tools "in situ" such as the Time Resolved X-ray Diffraction (TRXRD), with an X-ray synchrotron beam (H10, LURE Orsay) coupled to an infrared thermography to study simultaneously structural transformations and thermal evolutions. From the 2003 experiments, we took the opportunity to modify the sample-holder in order to reproduce the better synthesis conditions of the MAFAPAS process, but without the consolidation step. The versatility of the setup has been proved and could even be enhanced by the design of new sample holders. In addition, this work clearly shows that this equipment will allow, on the one hand, to make progress of the understanding of MAFAPAS mechanisms and, on the other hand, to adjust reaction parameters (mechanical activation and combustion synthesis) for producing many materials with an expected microstructure.

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Functional materials analysis usingin situandin operandoX-ray and neutron scattering

IUCrJ ◽

10.1107/s2052252514026062 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 292-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Vanessa K. Peterson ◽

Christine M. Papadakis

Keyword(s):

Neutron Scattering ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Materials Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Materials Research ◽

Recent Developments ◽

In Operando ◽

Types Of Information

In situandin operandostudies are commonplace and necessary in functional materials research. This review highlights recent developments in the analysis of functional materials using state-of-the-artin situandin operandoX-ray and neutron scattering and analysis. Examples are given covering a number of important materials areas, alongside a description of the types of information that can be obtained and the experimental setups used to acquire them.

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Three-Dimensional Zinc Mapping inside Aluminum Foams Using Synchrotron X-Ray Microtomography

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1677 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 561-565 ◽

pp. 1677-1680 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomomi Ohgaki ◽

Y. Takami ◽

Hiroyuki Toda ◽

Toshiro Kobayashi ◽

Y. Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Concentration Distribution ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Aluminum Foams ◽

X Ray ◽

Precipitated Phase ◽

Zn Concentration ◽

In Situ Experiments

Three-dimensional zinc mapping based on X-ray K-edge scanning has been performed. By microtomographies with energies above and below the K-absorption edges of the elements, the concentration distribution of the elements is evaluated during in-situ experiments, respectively. It is found that the Zn concentration distribution during the heat treatment was changed inside the cell wall of the aluminum foams and it has been homogenized. Also several precipitated phase transformation can be three-dimensionally visualized by the CT-method tuning X-ray energies.

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Cognitive Relevance Transform for Population Re-Targeting

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20174668 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (17) ◽

pp. 4668

Author(s):

Gregor Koporec ◽

Andrej Košir ◽

Aleš Leonardis ◽

Janez Perš

Keyword(s):

Object Recognition ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Target Population ◽

Classification Algorithm ◽

Large Margin ◽

Art Object ◽

Target User ◽

The One ◽

User Friendly ◽

Better Than

This work examines the differences between a human and a machine in object recognition tasks. The machine is useful as much as the output classification labels are correct and match the dataset-provided labels. However, very often a discrepancy occurs because the dataset label is different than the one expected by a human. To correct this, the concept of the target user population is introduced. The paper presents a complete methodology for either adapting the output of a pre-trained, state-of-the-art object classification algorithm to the target population or inferring a proper, user-friendly categorization from the target population. The process is called ‘user population re-targeting’. The methodology includes a set of specially designed population tests, which provide crucial data about the categorization that the target population prefers. The transformation between the dataset-bound categorization and the new, population-specific categorization is called the ‘Cognitive Relevance Transform’. The results of the experiments on the well-known datasets have shown that the target population preferred such a transformed categorization by a large margin, that the performance of human observers is probably better than previously thought, and that the outcome of re-targeting may be difficult to predict without actual tests on the target population.

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Real‐time X‐ray diffraction imaging for semiconductor wafer metrology and high temperature in situ experiments

physica status solidi (a) ◽

10.1002/pssa.201184264 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 208 (11) ◽

pp. 2499-2504 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. N. Danilewsky ◽

J. Wittge ◽

A. Hess ◽

A. Cröll ◽

A. Rack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Real Time ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Semiconductor Wafer ◽

X Ray ◽

In Situ Experiments ◽

Diffraction Imaging

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Liquid-Metal Foams – Feasible In Situ Experiments under Low Gravity

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.275 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 508 ◽

pp. 275-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N. Babcsán ◽

F. Garcia-Moreno ◽

D. Leitlmeier ◽

John Banhart

Keyword(s):

Liquid Metal ◽

Metal Foam ◽

Liquid Metals ◽

Gas Bubbles ◽

Metal Foams ◽

Solid Particles ◽

Low Gravity ◽

X Ray ◽

In Situ Experiments

Metal foams are quite a challenge to materials scientists due to their difficult manufacturing. In all processes the foam develops in the liquid or semiliquid state. Liquid-metal foams are complex fluids which contain liquid metals, solid particles and gas bubbles at the same time. An X-ray transparent furnace was developed to monitor liquid metal foam evolution. Aluminium foams - similar to the commercial Metcomb foams - were produced by feeding argon or air gas bubbles into an aluminium composite melt. The foam evolution was observed in-situ by X-ray radioscopy under normal gravity. Drainage and rupture were evaluated during the 5 min foam decay and 2 min solidification. Argon blown foams showed significant drainage and cell wall rupture during the first 20 s of foam decay. Air blown foams were stable and neither drainage nor rupture occurred. We demonstrated the feasibility of experiments during parabolic flight or drop tower campaigns. However, the development of a foam generator for low gravity is needed.

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Principal component analysis for automatic extraction of solid-state kinetics from combined in situ experiments

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c8cp02481b ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (29) ◽

pp. 19560-19571 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pietro Guccione ◽

Luca Palin ◽

Benny Danilo Belviso ◽

Marco Milanesio ◽

Rocco Caliandro

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Solid State ◽

Powder Diffraction ◽

Principal Component ◽

Automatic Extraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Solid State Kinetics ◽

In Situ Experiments

A new algorithm to extract in an automatic way kinetic parameters from a set of measurements from in situ experiments is presented and applied to X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.

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