Incorporation of Granite Waste into Vitrified Ceramic Tiles

2006 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽  
Sérgio Neves Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Cylindrical Specimen ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Uniaxial Pressure ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Tile Body ◽  
Density Linear ◽  
Scanning Electron

The incorporation of a granite waste into a vitrified ceramic tile body was investigated. The granite waste came from an industry of stone sawing operations located in the municipal area of Santo Antônio de Pádua, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The investigated compositions were elaborated substituting partially and totally the feldspar by the granite waste. Cylindrical specimen were prepared by uniaxial pressure at 30 MPa and then fired at temperatures varying from 1050 to 1200oC. Fired properties such as bulk density, linear shrinkage, water absorption and diametrical compression were determined. The microstructure of fired samples was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the replacement of feldspar by granite waste promoted a better vitrification, decreasing the open porosity and increasing the mechanical strength.

Study of Surface of Edge Grinding of Ceramic Tile by Diamond Cup Wheels

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Yun Ping Cheng ◽  
Cheng Yong Wang ◽  
Ying Ning Hu ◽  
Wei Zheng Si
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Surface Micromorphology ◽  
Cup Wheel ◽  
Scanning Electron

As one of the excellent decorative materials, ceramic tiles must be ground and polished to present the glossy surface. Diamond cup wheel is one of important tools. Ceramic tiles were ground by diamond cup wheel with a special designed test machine. The materials’ removal process of ceramic tiles had been tested, and surface roughness was measured. The surface micromorphology of the polished ceramic tiles under different depth of grinding and feed speed was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that a lot of materials’ removal can be obtained by increasing the depth of grinding and feed speed in rough process of ceramic tile. On the contrary, good surface can be obtained by reducing depth of grinding and feed speed in fine process of ceramic tile.

Edge Grinding of Ceramic Tile by Diamond Cup Wheels

2006 ◽  
Vol 304-305 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yuan ◽  
Y.P. Cheng ◽  
Cheng Yong Wang ◽  
Ying Ning Hu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Cup Wheel ◽  
Scanning Electron

As one of the excellent decorative materials ceramic tiles must be ground and polished to present the glossy surface. In this paper the ceramic tiles were edge ground by diamond cup wheels in the special designed test machine. The surface morphology of the polished ceramic tiles and the wear of diamond cup wheel were examined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wear resistance of diamond cup wheel and the materials’ removal process of ceramic tiles had been tested. The results showed that the wear of diamond cup wheel was stable when grinding with high grinding ratio. The ground surface showed that only the fracture of ceramic tiles was acted by diamond grits during grinding with water by means of good quality diamond cup wheel.

Use of Nepheline-Syenite, Talc and Kaolinitic Clay to Obtain Ceramic Tiles

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kênia Oliveira Teixeira ◽  
Sérgio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Nepheline Syenite ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Uniaxial Pressure ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Standard Specification ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Kaolinitic Clay ◽  
Density Linear

This work has for objective to obtain vitrified ceramic tiles by adding nepheline-syenite flux and talc to a kaolinitic clay from Campos dos Goytacazes. Specimens were prepared by uniaxial pressure at 30 MPa followed by firing at 1100, 1150 and 1200oC. The fired specimens were submitted to the following tests: bulk density, linear shrinkage, three point bending mechanical strength and water absorption. The microstructure of the ceramic was evaluated by SEM. The results showed that the incorporation of nepheline-syenite and talc significantly enhanced the properties of the clay making it possible to attain the standard specification corresponding to vitrified ceramic tile.

scholarly journals Analysis of Stress and Strain Fields in and around Inclusions of Various Shapes in a Cylindrical Specimen Loaded in Tension

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Neimitz ◽  
U. Janus
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Cylindrical Specimen ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Strain Fields ◽  
Critical Stresses ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract A numerical analysis is performed of the stress field in and around inclusions of various shapes. Inclusions both stiffer and more compliant than the metal matrix are analysed. The critical stresses required for inclusion fracture are estimated after observation of cavities and inclusions by scanning electron microscopy. Real inclusions were observed after performing uniaxial loading to different amounts of overall strain. The material tested was Hardox-400 steel.

Use of Steel Slag into Clayey Ceramics

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 686-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽  
Sérgio Neves Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Uniaxial Pressure ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work has for objective to evaluate the microstructural aspects and technological properties of a clayey ceramic incorporated with up to 30 wt.% of a waste generate during the steel-making process, denoted as steel slag. To determine the physical and mechanical properties such as linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength, specimens were prepared by 18 MPa uniaxial pressure-molding and then fired in a laboratory furnace at 700, 900 and 1100oC. The microstructure of the compositions was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that it is possible to recycle the finer particles of steel slag by incorporating into red ceramic as long as they are used in amounts not higher than 10 wt.% to avoid the increase in porosity and decrease of the mechanical strength.

Performance of Rutile as an Antibacterial Material in Ceramic Tiles

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 484-487
Author(s):  
Hasmaliza Mohamad ◽  
Ahmad Kamil Fakhruddin Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Glazed Tile ◽  
Antibacterial Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Antibacterial Material ◽  
Optimum Sample ◽  
Scanning Electron

The study was focused on the performance of rutile addition in the glaze for antibacterial application. Rutile powder in micro size (<5µm) (at different composition 5 wt%, 7 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt%) were added in the glaze. Glazing was performed by dipping method for 10 seconds. Glazed tile was then sintered at 1200°C for 1 hour. Characterizations used to observe the properties of produced tiles were physical observation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Optimum sample was undergone an antibacterial test towards E.coli.

Pathogenesis of Human Hair Defects

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
P.S. Porter ◽  
T. Aoyagi ◽  
R. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using standard techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), over 1000 human hair defects have been studied. In several of the defects, the pathogenesis of the abnormality has been clarified using these techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to present several distinct morphologic abnormalities of hair and to discuss their pathogenesis as elucidated through techniques of scanning electron microscopy.

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

Spontaneous Cataract in Nude Athymic Mice

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Bradley ◽  
R. S. Berk ◽  
L. D. Hazlett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nude Mouse ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Athymic Mice ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Mouse Lens ◽  
Scanning Electron

The nude mouse is a hairless mutant (homozygous for the mutation nude, nu/nu), which is born lacking a thymus and possesses a severe defect in cellular immunity. Spontaneous unilateral cataractous lesions were noted (during ocular examination using a stereomicroscope at 40X) in 14 of a series of 60 animals (20%). This transmission and scanning microscopic study characterizes the morphology of this cataract and contrasts these data with normal nude mouse lens.All animals were sacrificed by an ether overdose. Eyes were enucleated and immersed in a mixed fixative (1% osmium tetroxide and 6% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 0-4°C) for 3 hours, dehydrated in graded ethanols and embedded in Epon-Araldite for transmission microscopy. Specimens for scanning electron microscopy were fixed similarly, dehydrated in graded ethanols, then to graded changes of Freon 113 and ethanol to 100% Freon 113 and critically point dried in a Bomar critical point dryer using Freon 13 as the transition fluid.

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