Development of Extrusion and Rolling Textures during ECAP of Mg-Alloys

2008 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Günter Brokmeier ◽  
Wei Min Gan ◽  
Ming Yi Zheng ◽  
Zuzana Zuberova ◽  
Yuri Estrin
Keyword(s):  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Number Of Passes

Crystallographic texture includes much information on a material’s behaviour that depends on the processed material itself, the particular thermomechanical processing it has undergone, and the quality of the process. ECAP processed pure Mg and Mg alloys were characterised by their texture and are discussed in terms of texture symmetry. For all types of deformation, including ECAP, the basal plain orientation has to follow certain general rules. Particularly for larger number of passes the ECAP texture can be explained in terms of standard rolling or extrusion textures.

Improvement in the quality of the processed material surfaces lies in the moving of nozzle in the cavitation processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 101206
Author(s):  
Masataka Ijiri ◽  
Koji Yamaguchi ◽  
Shoichi Kikuchi ◽  
Masakazu Fujiwara ◽  
Yuki Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Surfaces ◽  
Processed Material

Characterization of WC-Co Coatings Using HP/HVOF Process

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Hwang ◽  
B.G. Seong ◽  
M.C. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hvof Process ◽  
Number Of Passes ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

Abstract To maintain surface roughness of process rolls in cold rolling steel plants, WC-Co coatings have been known to be effective ones. In this study, a high pressure/high velocity oxygen fuel (HP/HVOF) process was used to obtain WC-Co coatings. To get the best quality of coatings, WC-Co coatings are sprayed with numerous powders made by various processes. These powders include agglomerated sintered powders, fused-crushed powders, extra high carbon WC-Co powders and (W2C, WC)-Co powders. After spraying, properties of coatings such as hardness, wear resistance. X-ray diffraction, and microstructures were analyzed. For coatings produced by agglomerated-sintered powders, hardness of the coating increased as power levels and the number of passes were increased. In case of the coatings produced by fused-crushed powders, a very low deposition rate was obtained due to a low flowablity of the powders. In addition, the WC-Co coatings sprayed with extra carbon content of WC-Co did not show improved hardness and wear resistance. Also, some decomposition of WC was observed in the coating. Finally, the coatings produced by (W2C, WC)-Co powders produced higher hardness and lower wear resistance coating.

Research on the Dynamics of Changes in the Sight-aesthetic Quality of Rural Lake District Landscapes in the Aspect of Implementing the European Landscape Convention

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Senetra
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
European Landscape Convention ◽  
General Rules ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Landscape Transformations

The article presents selected methodological assumptions of developing and evaluating landscape attribute maps that could be used in the process of the implementation of the European Landscape Convention (ELC). The Convention led to the passing of the Act of 24th April 2015 on the modification of some acts due to the enhancement of landscape protection tools. Article 7 implements changes in the Act of 23rd March 2003 on spatial planning and land use management. Determining general rules for landscape auditing and defining the priority landscape are elements of the changes. On 11th September 2015, the regulations that partially carry out the recommendation of the Convention entered into force. The regulations oblige local governments to conduct landscape auditing (not less often than every 20 years). The article presents a new method for evaluating the aesthetic-scenic value of landscape (EEVL), developed by the author on the basis of conceptual works done between 2004 and 2008. Tests of this method started in 2008. Then an assessment of the aesthetic value of the municipality of Pozezdrze in the Masurian Lake District was made. The three measurements, collected in 2008, 2012 and 2016, were then used in comparing the dynamics of landscape transformations considering the aesthetic value over 8 years. The research enabled the assessment of the usefulness of the method in landscape auditing.

I Negotiability, Negotiable Instruments, and the Law of Bills, Notes, and Cheques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geva Benjamin ◽  
Peari Sagi
Keyword(s):  
Basic Concept ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Early National ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Law ◽  
Global Systems

This chapter examines the basic concept of ‘negotiability’ as the transferability of an instrument embodying monetary claims by its physical delivery—possibly free of adverse claims and contract defences to liability under it. Accordingly, one of the typical features of a negotiable instrument is that it may be divorced from the underlying causes and has to be judged on its own merits, independent from the bargain from which the instrument originated and the underlying contract. The chapter then looks at the principal instruments that, subsequent to their emergence and earlier development, were accorded with the quality of negotiability. These instruments are bills of exchange, promissory notes, and cheques. The chapter also discusses the rules governing liability under and transfer of such instruments as a crystallization of the general rules of contract and tangible property, and describes their contemporary uses. Moreover, it outlines early national codification, major difference among the global systems, and major international efforts to unify and substantively harmonize this area of law.

Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on Grain Size, Texture and Mechanical Properties of Pure Magnesium

2020 ◽  
Vol 985 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Mouhamadou Moustapha Sarr ◽  
Motohiro Yuasa ◽  
Hiroyuki Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Pure Magnesium ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Misorientation Distribution ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
Texture Characterization

This study aims to investigate the effect of processing routes (A and Bc) and temperature on microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of pure magnesium was studied in this research. An extruded pure magnesium (~99,9 %) was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) by ECAP. Deformation was conducted at 523K and 473K and two different processing routes (A and Bc) were used to control the texture. The microstructure and texture characterization of the pressed materials were carried out. It was found that the microstructure displayed a bimodal grain structure after two passes and then became homogeneous after four passes following both routes A and Bc. The misorientation distribution was examined and the results revealed that the fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGB) was higher at temperature 473K. The texture was randomized following route Bc whereas it became strengthened in route A after four passes. According to the Hall-Petch (HP) relationship, the yield stress of polycrystalline metals increases with a decrease in grain size. In this study, a positive slope k was achieved in the strengthened texture while a negative one was obtained in the softened texture. The ductility of ECAP processed material was considerably improved (from 23% to 38%) without sacrificing the yield stress by route Bc at 423K.

Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Behavior of a Polyamide before and after Constrained Groove Pressing Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Mohammed Salah Bennouna ◽  
Benaoumeur Aour ◽  
Fatiha Bouaksa ◽  
Saad Hamzaoui
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymer ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Number Of Passes

In this paper an experimental investigation of mechanical behavior of a thermoplastic polymer (polyamide PA 66) processed by constrained groove pressing (CGP) using several passes is presented. To this end, corrugating and straightening tools are designed and manufactured. The effects of the number of passes and the hold time on the mechanical behavior of the polyamide have been highlighted. The obtained results show that the material properties and the microstructure are significantly altered under CGP process. It has been found that the microhardness and the tensile properties have been progressed accordingly to the number of cycles, especially when the samples are processed using a hold time of five minutes. Hence, it can be concluded that this latter plays a very important role on the reorientation and stabilization of the microstructure when the processed material is a polymer.

Ch.5 Content, third party rights and conditions, s.1: Content, Art.5.1.6

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vogenauer Stefan
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
General Rules ◽  
A Performance

This commentary focuses on Article 5.1.6 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the determination of the quality of performance. Under Art 5.1.6, where the quality of performance is neither fixed by, nor determinable from, the contract, a party is bound to render a performance of a quality that is reasonable and not less than average in the circumstances. The provision is a specific application of one of the general underlying principles of the PICC: the idea of favor contractus. This commentary discusses the priority of the general rules of contractual interpretation, average quality as a minimum threshold, standard of reasonableness, and burden of proof of the party alleging non-performance because of insufficient quality of performance.

scholarly journals Multilingual Open Information Extraction: Challenges and Opportunities

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Barreiro Claro ◽  
Marlo Souza ◽  
Clarissa Castellã Xavier ◽  
Leandro Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Information Extraction ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Open Information Extraction ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Multilingual Approach

The number of documents published on the Web in languages other than English grows every year. As a consequence, the need to extract useful information from different languages increases, highlighting the importance of research into Open Information Extraction (OIE) techniques. Different OIE methods have dealt with features from a unique language; however, few approaches tackle multilingual aspects. In those approaches, multilingualism is restricted to processing text in different languages, rather than exploring cross-linguistic resources, which results in low precision due to the use of general rules. Multilingual methods have been applied to numerous problems in Natural Language Processing, achieving satisfactory results and demonstrating that knowledge acquisition for a language can be transferred to other languages to improve the quality of the facts extracted. We argue that a multilingual approach can enhance OIE methods as it is ideal to evaluate and compare OIE systems, and therefore can be applied to the collected facts. In this work, we discuss how the transfer knowledge between languages can increase acquisition from multilingual approaches. We provide a roadmap of the Multilingual Open IE area concerning state of the art studies. Additionally, we evaluate the transfer of knowledge to improve the quality of the facts extracted in each language. Moreover, we discuss the importance of a parallel corpus to evaluate and compare multilingual systems.

scholarly journals Ball Possession Effectiveness in Men’s Elite Floorball According to Quality of Opposition and Game Period

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel-Ángel Gómez ◽  
Miguel Prieto ◽  
Javier Pérez ◽  
Jaime Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Predictor Variables ◽  
World Championship ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Number Of Passes

Abstract The aim of the present study was to identify the importance of floorball tactical variables to predict ball possession effectiveness, when controlling quality of opposition and game periods. The sample was composed by 1500 ball possessions, corresponding to 14 games randomly selected from the International Championships played during 2008 and 2010 (World Championship, Four nations tournament and classificatory phases for World Championship) by teams from different competition levels (HIGH, INTERMEDIATE and LOW). The effects of the predictor variables on successful ball possessions according to the three game contexts (HIGH vs. HIGH; HIGH vs. LOW; LOW vs. LOW games) were analyzed using Binomial Logistic Regressions. The results showed no interaction with the game period. In HIGH vs. HIGH games, quality of opposition showed an association with ball possession effectiveness with ending zone, offensive system, possession duration, height of shooting and defensive pressures previous to the shot. In HIGH vs. LOW games the important factors were the starting zone, possession duration, defensive pressure previous to the last pass and to the shot, technique of shooting and the number players involved in each ball possession. Finally, in LOW vs. LOW games, the results emphasized the importance of starting and ending zones, the number of passes used and the technique of shooting. In conclusion, elite floorball performance is mainly affected by quality of opposition showing different game patterns in each context that should be considered by coaches when preparing practices and competitions.

A Modeling Study of Metal Cutting With Abrasive Waterjets

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hashish
Keyword(s):  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Ductile Metals ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Experimental Cutting ◽  
Abrasive Waterjets ◽  
Visualization Experiments ◽  
Number Of Passes

An experimental and theoretical investigation was conducted to study the cutting of ductile metals with high-velocity abrasive jets. The investigation involved experimental cutting tests, visualization experiments, and model development. Data were generated to study the effects of abrasive-jet parameters on the depth and quality of cuts produced. These parameters included waterjet pressure, waterjet diameter, abrasive material, particle size, abrasive flow rate, traverse rate, and number of passes. The penetration process was found to be cyclic and to consist of more than one cutting regime as the kerf developed. In the first regime, particles impact the kerf wall at shallow angles, and cutting wear occurs; in the second, particles impact at large angles, causing deformation wear. A simplified model was developed to determine the optimum set of parameters for efficient high-quality machining of ductile metals. The model requires further refinement, however, to provide definitive results.

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