scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Geometry and the Intermetallics Structure in a High Pressure Die Cast Mg-Al Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 1579-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Nagasekhar ◽  
Carlos H. Cáceres ◽  
Mark Easton

Specimens of rectangular and circular cross section of a Mg-9Al binary alloy have been tensile tested and the cross section of undeformed specimens examined using scanning electron microscopy. The rectangular cross sections showed three scales in the cellular intermetallics network: coarse at the core, fine at the surface and very fine at the corners, whereas the circular ones showed only two, coarse at the core and fine at the surface. The specimens of rectangular cross section exhibited higher yield strength in comparison to the circular ones. Possible reasons for the observed increased strength of the rectangular sections are discussed.

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yang ◽  
A.V. Nagasekhar ◽  
C.H. Caceres

Cross sectional microhardness maps of cast-to-shape tensile specimens of rectangular and circular cross-sections have been obtained for a Mg-9 mass% Al alloy. The hardness is generally higher near the surface and at the corners of the cross-section in comparison with that at the centre. The lower hardness values at the casting core are accounted for by the coarser solidification microstructure and the concentration of porosity. The cross sectional mapping shows that the harder surface layer is generally uneven, questioning the concept of a well defined, uniform and continuous skin. Physical reasons for these features of the casting’s skin are discussed in terms of the grain microstructure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Zsolt Hegyes ◽  
Máté Petrik ◽  
L. Gábor Szepesi

During the operation of the hydrocyclone the cut size diameter is the most important data. This is connected to feed rate, which is closely related to the feed cross section. Preliminary research has revealed that square cross-section is more effective than circular cross-section. The research compared 2 types of feed cross sections at 5 different feed rates. One is a standard rectangular cross-section and the other is a square cross-section that narrows with a baffle plate. Preliminary calculations for cut size diameter have shown that better particle separation at all speeds can be achieved with the baffle plate solution. In both types, the increased velocity created decreased cut size diameter. During the simulation, the baffle plate did not cause any abnormalities in the internal pressure and velocity distributions. The simulation revealed that the particles did not behave as previously calculated.


2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artiomas Kuranovas ◽  
Douglas Goode ◽  
Audronis Kazimieras Kvedaras ◽  
Shantong Zhong

This paper represents the analysis of 1303 specimens of CFST experimental data. Test results are compared with EC4 provided method for determining the load‐bearing capacity of these composite elements. Several types of CFSTs were tested: both circular and rectangular cross‐sections with solid and hollow concrete core with axial load applied without and with moment, with sustained load and preloading. For circular cross‐section columns there is a good agreement between the test failure load and the EC4 calculation for both short and long columns with and without moment. For rectangular cross‐section columns the agreement is good except when the concrete cylinder strength was greater than 75 MPa, when many tests failed below the strength predicted by EC4. Preloading the steel tube before filling with concrete seems to have no effect on the strength. This paper also presents the stress distribution, confinement distribution and complete average longitudinal stress‐strain curves for concrete‐filled steel tubular elements. Based on the definition of the “Unified Theory”, the CFST is looked upon as an entity of a new composite material. In this paper, the research achievement of the strength and stability for centrifugal‐hollow and solid concrete filled steel tube are introduced. These behaviours relate to the hollowness ratio and the confining indexes of corresponding solid CFST. If the hollow ratio equals to 0,4–0,5 and over, the N‐ϵ relationship exists in steady descending stage. The critical stress of CFST elements stability is determined as an eccentric member with the initial eccentricity by use of finite element method. Santrauka Straipsnyje analizuojami 1303 betonšerdžių plieninių strypų bandinių eksperimentiniai duomenys. Duomenys lyginami su eurokode 4 pateiktais kompozitinių elementų laikomosios galios nustatymo metodais. Analizuojami šie betonšerdžių plieninių strypų bandinių tipai: pilnaviduriai ir tuščiaviduriai, apskrito ir stačiakampio skerspjūvio kolonos, kurių galuose veikia arba neveikia momentas, su iš anksto pridėta arba ilgalaike apkrova. Apskrito skerspjūvio kolonų laikomosios galios bandymų rezultatai atitinka skaičiavimų reikšmes, apskaičiuotas pagal eurokode 4 pateiktu metodu. Stačiakampio skerspjūvio elementų laikomosios galios reikšmių bandymo rezultatai puikiai atitinka teorines reikšmes, kai betono ritininis stipris nesiekia 75 MPa. Išankstinis elementų apkrovimas poveikio elementų laikomajai galiai beveik neturi. Taip pat nagrinėjami betonšerdžių elementų įtempių būvių pasiskirstymas, betono apspaudimo poveikis ir išilginių deformacijų ir įtempių kreivės. Pateikiama S. T. Zhong „Unifikuota teorija“, kuri nagrinėja kompozitinį elementą kaip visumą. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos kompozitinio plieninio ir betoninio elemento stiprumo ir pastovumo sąlygos. Tokių elementų reikšmėmis. Jeigu tuštumos santykis lygus 0,4–0,5 ir daugiau, N-ε sąryšis yra kritimo stadijoje. Elgsenos stadijos keičiasi pagal tuštumos koeficientą.


2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Stephen ◽  
P. J. Wang

A finite element-transfer matrix procedure developed for determination of Saint-Venant decay rates of self-equilibrated loading at one end of a semi-infinite prismatic elastic rod of general cross section, which are the eigenvalues of a single repeating cell transfer matrix, is applied to the case of a rectangular cross section. First, a characteristic length of the rod is modelled within a finite element code; a superelement stiffness matrix relating force and displacement components at the master nodes at the ends of the length is then constructed, and its manipulation provides the transfer matrix, from which the eigenvalues and eigenvectors are determined. Over the range from plane stress to plane strain, which are the extremes of aspect ratio, there are always eigenmodes which decay slower than the generalized Papkovitch-Fadle modes, the latter being largely insensitive to aspect ratio. For compact cross sections, close to square, the slowest decay is for a mode having a distribution of axial displacement reminiscent of that associated with warping during torsion; for less compact cross sections, slowest decay is for a mode characterized by cross-sectional bending, caused by self-equilibrated twisting moment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Wang

Abstract The basic problem of steady-state heat conduction in a ring with internal heat generation and convective boundary conditions is considered. An exact solution is found for the ring with a rectangular cross section and an efficient Ritz method is presented for general cross sections. The latter is applied to the torus or the ring with a circular cross section. Hot spots and cold spots are determined.


2008 ◽  
Vol 44-46 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
J.J. Jia ◽  
Zheng Hao Ge ◽  
Y. Li

For injection mold with core, during the injection molding process, the pressure on the core is usually uneven and will cause the core to deform. In this paper, on the basis of some predigestions and assumptions of the model, formulas for forecasting the deformation of the circular cross-section and the rectangular cross-section cores under three different injection ways are analyzed. The theoretical analysis results of a core with special section are validated through finite element software. At the end, some suggestions are given to minish the core deformation when the calculation value is too large.


2014 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Szybiński ◽  
Paweł Romanowicz

Cylindrical pressure vessels with circular cross section are commonly used in the construction of various pressure apparatus; however in certain cases other cross sections are applied. The vessels with rectangular and elliptical perpendicular cross section are of the main interest and certain formulas for their calculations are stated in the respective codes [1, 2]. In these appliances flat ends of various shapes are usually used as the vessels caps. Similarly, as for the cylindrical boilers, flat end plates with stress relieve grooves are recommended. Like in the flat ends for cylindrical pipes certain variation of the groove parameters is possible but again no clear suggestion is given how to choose the optimal groove parameters providing the minimum stress concentration [3]. In this paper the numerical analysis and optimization of the admitted by code [1] groove parameters is presented for the pipe with the rectangular cross section subjected to the internal pressure.


2006 ◽  
Vol 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goutam Koley ◽  
Zhihua Cai

ABSTRACTGaN nanostructure synthesis was done in a quartz tube furnace using ammonia and liquid Ga as precursors, and hydrogen as the carrier gas. Ni nanoparticles formed due to annealing, has been used as the catalyst layer, facilitating vapor-liquid-solid growth of the nanostructures. The growth process resulted in the formation of two types of structures, straight nanowires, and irregular growth sometimes resulting in nanospirals. Growth using uniform distribution of catalyst over the entire surface resulted in growth of straight nanowires, while growth performed on catalyst patterned surface resulted in growth of nanospirals. The diameter of the nanowires varied from 20 – 100 nm, while for spirals the cross-sectional diameters were found to be in the range of 100 nm – 1 micron, and spiral diameters in the range of several microns. Using the present growth system and gas flow set-up, it was possible to synthesize ultra-long nanowires and spirals, with overall lengths exceeding 70 microns. The regular straight nanowires were found to have a smooth circular cross-section, while the irregular wires and nanospirals were found to have a very rough surface with approximate hexagonal or triangular cross-sections. Some of the spirals changed into straight nanowires with uniform triangular cross-sections. While more investigations are required to fully establish their structures, based on preliminary characterization and past studies, we conclude that the nanowires with circular cross-sections grow along the c-direction [0001], while the spirals and consequent triangular cross-section nanowires grow along one of the non-polar directions. The formation of spirals themselves may be related to the polarization properties of GaN, similar to those predicted for ZnO nanosprings and nanoribbons.


2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isam Janajreh ◽  
Ilham Talab ◽  
Jill Macpherson

Downwind wind turbines have lower upwind rotor misalignment, and thus lower turning moment and self-steered advantage over the upwind configuration. In this paper, numerical simulation to the downwind turbine is conducted to investigate the interaction between the tower and the blade during the intrinsic passage of the rotor in the wake of the tower. The moving rotor has been accounted for via ALE formulation of the incompressible, unsteady, turbulent Navier-Stokes equations. The localizedCP,CL, andCDare computed and compared to undisturbed flow evaluated by Panel method. The time history of theCP, aerodynamic forces (CLandCD), as well as moments were evaluated for three cross-sectional tower; asymmetrical airfoil (NACA0012) having four times the rotor's chord length, and two circular cross-sections having four and two chords lengths of the rotor's chord. 5%, 17%, and 57% reductions of the aerodynamic lift forces during the blade passage in the wake of the symmetrical airfoil tower, small circular cross-section tower and large circular cross-section tower were observed, respectively. The pronounced reduction, however, is confined to a short time/distance of three rotor chords. A net forward impulsive force is also observed on the tower due to the high speed rotor motion.


Author(s):  
Yong Chul Kim ◽  
Yukio Tamura

<p>Wind turbines are commonly used power generation systems around the world and their application is becoming increasingly widespread. Traditionally, circular‐cross‐section wind towers have been used, but recent upsizing of wind turbines has exposed weaknesses of these structures, including problems related to manufacturing and inadequate strength. Thus, the concept of site‐ assembled modular towers with polygonal cross‐sections such as octagonal and/or tetradecagonal has been proposed, but their wind‐resistant performances have not been clearly investigated. In the present study, the wind‐resistant performances of polygonal cross‐sectional towers were investigated through wind tunnel tests. It was thus found that the maximum force coefficient of the upper structure is larger than that of the tower, which makes the effect of cross‐sectional tower shape rather small. The mean and fluctuating lift force coefficients of a helical square cross‐sectional tower were quite small for cases of tower only and wind turbine.</p>


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