Advanced Coating Technologies for Aggressive Corrosion Environments in WTE and Power Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Yuuzou Kawahara ◽  
Yoichi Matsubara
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Spray Coatings ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weld Overlays

High durability, quality control and prediction of deterioration are key issues for the thermal spray coatings applied to fossil fuel and waste burning boilers. Small electrical resistance inspection (SERI) has been developed and applied for boilers to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between the deterioration mechanisms and the coating defects as well as life-times of coatings. Changes in the electrical resistance (ER) of coatings showed a good correlation with the deterioration causes and also with the bonding strength of the coatings. On the other hand, new processes such as thermal spraying and automatic fusing (SFU) process by high frequency induction heating have been developed to manufacture highly durable coatings. These SFU coatings, which are 0.5~3 mm in thickness and contain chemically bonded and dense NiCrSiB alloy layers have been found to have excellent durability which is almost equal to that of 625 weld overlays used in many WTE plants. Applications of these technologies are in progress to realize coatings with high cost performance, high efficiency and easy maintenance.

‘The Oral Versus The Written’

Moreana ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (Number 175) (3) ◽  
pp. 14-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Religious Practice ◽  
Philosophical Argument ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Confessional Identity ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between scripture and tradition has always been recognised as central to the controversy between More and Tyndale in the late 1520s and early 1530s. It was already one of the key issues in the English campaign against Luther instigated in 1521, and in the 1540s became one of the lynchpins of confessional identity both among Catholic theologians at Trent and in the English reformed articles of 1553. This is often seen as a doctrinal issue, but beneath the surface it can also be seen as part of a profound philosophical argument about the authority of oral and written evidence, an argument which goes back to the origins of Jewish and Christian religious practice and which continues to haunt the ecumenical concerns of today.

"Recent Patents on the Triboelectrostatic Separation of Fly Ash"

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haisheng Li ◽  
Wenping Wang ◽  
Yinghua Chen ◽  
Xinxi Zhang ◽  
Chaoyong Li
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Triboelectrostatic Separation

Background: The fly ash produced by coal-fired power plants is an industrial waste. The environmental pollution problems caused by fly ash have been widely of public environmental concern. As a waste of recoverable resources, it can be used in the field of building materials, agricultural fertilizers, environmental materials, new materials, etc. Unburned carbon content in fly ash has an influence on the performance of resource reuse products. Therefore, it is the key to remove unburned carbon from fly ash. As a physical method, triboelectrostatic separation technology has been widely used because of obvious advantages, such as high-efficiency, simple process, high reliability, without water resources consumption and secondary pollution. Objective: The related patents of fly ash triboelectrostatic separation had been reviewed. The structural characteristics and working principle of these patents are analyzed in detail. The results can provide some meaningful references for the improvement of separation efficiency and optimal design. Methods: Based on the comparative analysis for the latest patents related to fly ash triboelectrostatic separation, the future development is presented. Results: The patents focused on the charging efficiency and separation efficiency. Studies show that remarkable improvements have been achieved for the fly ash triboelectrostatic separation. Some patents have been used in industrial production. Conclusion: According to the current technology status, the researches related to process optimization and anti-interference ability will be beneficial to overcome the influence of operating conditions and complex environment, and meet system security requirements. The intelligent control can not only ensure the process continuity and stability, but also realize the efficient operation and management automatically. Meanwhile, the researchers should pay more attention to the resource utilization of fly ash processed by triboelectrostatic separation.

scholarly journals Current Research Status on Cold Sprayed Amorphous Alloy Coatings: A Review

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Peng Han ◽  
Shuo Yin ◽  
Wen-Juan Niu ◽  
Le Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Functional Coatings ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Wear And Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Amorphous Coatings

Compared with traditional crystalline materials, amorphous alloys have excellent corrosion and wear resistance and high elastic modulus, due to their unique short-range ordered and long-range disordered atomic arrangement as well as absence of defects, such as grain boundaries and dislocations. Owing to the limitation of the bulk size of amorphous alloys as structural materials, the application as functional coatings can widely extend their use in various engineering fields. This review first briefly introduces the problems involved during high temperature preparation processes of amorphous coatings, including laser cladding and thermal spraying. Cold spray (CS) is characterized by a low-temperature solid-state deposition, and thus the oxidation and crystallization related with a high temperature environment can be avoided during the formation of coatings. Therefore, CS has unique advantages in the preparation of fully amorphous alloy coatings. The research status of Fe-, Al-, Ni-, and Zr-based amorphous alloy coatings and amorphous composite coatings are reviewed. The influence of CS process parameters, and powders and substrate conditions on the microstructure, hardness, as well as wear and corrosion resistance of amorphous coatings is analyzed. Meanwhile, the deposition mechanism of amorphous alloy coatings is discussed by simulation and experiment. Finally, the key issues involved in the preparation of amorphous alloy coatings via CS technology are summarized, and the future development is also being prospected.

scholarly journals More than a method: trusting relationships, productive tensions, and two-way learning as mechanisms of authentic co-production

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Knowles ◽  
Dawn Allen ◽  
Ailsa Donnelly ◽  
Jackie Flynn ◽  
Kay Gallacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Involvement ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Knowledge Mobilisation ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Willingness To Change ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hybrid Knowledge ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Knowledge mobilisation requires the effective elicitation and blending of different types of knowledge or ways of knowing, to produce hybrid knowledge outputs that are valuable to both knowledge producers (researchers) and knowledge users (health care stakeholders). Patients and service users are a neglected user group, and there is a need for transparent reporting and critical review of methods used to co-produce knowledge with patients. This study aimed to explore the potential of participatory codesign methods as a mechanism of supporting knowledge sharing, and to evaluate this from the perspective of both researchers and patients. Methods A knowledge mobilisation research project using participatory codesign workshops to explore patient involvement in using health data to improve services. To evaluate involvement in the project, multiple qualitative data sources were collected throughout, including a survey informed by the Generic Learning Outcomes framework, an evaluation focus group, and field notes. Analysis was a collective dialogic reflection on project processes and impacts, including comparing and contrasting the key issues from the researcher and contributor perspectives. Results Authentic involvement was seen as the result of “space to talk” and “space to change”. "Space to talk" refers to creating space for shared dialogue, including space for tension and disagreement, and recognising contributor and researcher expertise as equally valuable to the discussion. ‘Space to change’ refers to space to adapt in response to contributor feedback. These were partly facilitated by the use of codesign methods which emphasise visual and iterative working, but contributors emphasised that relational openness was more crucial, and that this needed to apply to the study overall (specifically, how contributors were reimbursed as a demonstration of how their input was valued) to build trust, not just to processes within the workshops. Conclusions Specific methods used within involvement are only one component of effective involvement practice. The relationship between researcher and contributors, and particularly researcher willingness to change their approach in response to feedback, were considered most important by contributors. Productive tension was emphasised as a key mechanism in leading to genuinely hybrid outputs that combined contributor insight and experience with academic knowledge and understanding.

Corrosion Problems in a Refinery Diethanolamine System

CORROSION ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 503t-506t ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH L. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Gas Streams ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Refinery Gas ◽  
Propane Butane

Abstract Various corrosion problems are described which have occurred in a large diethanolamine (DEA) system that removes hydrogen sulfide from refinery gas streams and a liquid propane-butane stream. These include reboiler corrosion, rich DEA corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and corrosion-erosion. The effect of the problems on system operation is discussed, as well as the means of minimizing the problems. Electrical resistance measuring device data indicate the importance of keeping the solution loading below 0.34 mol of acid gas (H2S + CO2) per mol of DEA to minimize the corrosion in the rich DEA. Data from this source also show the relationship between general reboiler corrosion and solution contamination. 8.4.3

scholarly journals Improvement Effect of Green Remodeling and Building Value Assessment Criteria for Aging Public Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Yong-Joon Jun ◽  
Seung-ho Ahn ◽  
Kyung-Soon Park
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Improvement Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Usage Data

The Green Remodeling Project under South Korea’s Green New Deal policy is a government-led project intended to strengthen the performance sector directly correlated with energy performance among various elements of improvement applicable to building remodeling by replacing insulation materials, introducing new and renewable energy, introducing high-efficiency equipment, etc., with public buildings taking the lead in green remodeling in order to induce energy efficiency enhancement in private buildings. However, there is an ongoing policy that involves the application of a fragmentary value judgment criterion, i.e., whether to apply technical elements confined to the enhancement of the energy performance of target buildings and the prediction of improvement effects according thereto, thus resulting in the phenomenon of another important value criterion for green remodeling, i.e., the enhancement of the occupant (user) comfort performance of target buildings as one of its purposes, being neglected instead. In order to accurately grasp the current status of these problems and to promote ‘expansion of the value judgment criteria for green remodeling’ as an alternative, this study collected energy usage data of buildings actually used by public institutions and then conducted a total analysis. After that, the characteristics of energy usage were analyzed for each of the groups of buildings classified by year of completion, thereby carrying out an analysis of the correlation between the non-architectural elements affecting the actual energy usage and the actual energy usage data. The correlation between the improvement performance of each technical element and the actual improvement effect was also analyzed, thereby ascertaining the relationship between the direction of major policy strategies and the actual energy usage. As a result of the relationship analysis, it was confirmed that the actual energy usage is more affected by the operating conditions of the relevant building than the application of individual strategic elements such as the performance of the envelope insulation and the performance of the high-efficiency system. In addition, it was also confirmed that the usage of public buildings does not increase in proportion to their aging. The primary goal of reducing energy usage in target buildings can be achieved if public sector (government)-led green remodeling is pushed ahead with in accordance with biased value judgment criteria, just as in the case of a campaign to refrain from operating cooling facilities in aging public buildings. However, it was possible to grasp through the progress of this study that the remodeling may also result in the deterioration of environmental comfort and stability, such as the numerical value of the indoor thermal environment. The results of this study have the significance of providing basic data for pushing ahead with a green remodeling policy in which the value judgment criteria for aging existing public buildings are more expanded, and it is necessary to continue research in such a direction that the quantitative purpose of green remodeling, which is to reduce energy usage in aging public buildings, and its qualitative purpose, which is to enhance their environmental performance for occupants’ comfort, can be mutually balanced and secured at the same time.

Economic and Social Rights, Budgets and the Convention on the Rights of the Child

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Child Rights ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Significant Obstacle ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Recent years have seen an explosion in methodologies for monitoring children’s economic and social rights (ESR). Key examples include the development of indicators, benchmarks, child rights-based budget analysis and child rights impact assessments. The Committee on the Right of the Child has praised such tools in its work and has actively promoted their usage. Troublingly, however, there are serious shortcomings in the Committee’s approach to the ESR standards enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which threaten to impact upon the efficacy of such methodologies. This article argues that the Committee has failed to engage with the substantive obligations imposed by Article 4 and many of the specific ESR guaranteed in the CRC in sufficient depth. As a result, that body has not succeeded in outlining a coherent, comprehensive child rights-specific ESR framework. Using the example of child rights-based budget analysis, the author claims that this omission constitutes a significant obstacle to those seeking to evaluate the extent to which states have met their ESR-related obligations under the CRC. The article thus brings together and addresses key issues that have so far received only very limited critical academic attention, namely, children’s ESR under the CRC, the relationship between budgetary decision-making and the CRC, and child rights-based budget analysis.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
pp. xvi-22
Author(s):  
Linda Kalof
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Animal Question

This chapter introduces the field of animal studies as an interdisciplinary scholarly endeavor to understand the relationship humans have with other animals. That relationship is mapped into five major categories, reflected in the titles of each of the handbook’s five parts: “Animals in the Landscape of Law, Politics and Public Policy”; “Animal Intentionality, Agency, and Reflexive Thinking”; “Animals as Objects in Science, Food, Spectacle and Sport”; “Animals in Cultural Representations”; and “Animals in Ecosystems.” The chapters in each part are summarized and key issues in the “animal question” are explicated. Chapter topics include animals in research, entertainment, law, political theory, public policy, agency, tourism and ecology. Concluding remarks include an appeal for altruistic coexistence for all beings in the earth’s ecosystem.

HIS System Design Based on UML

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 2272-2275
Author(s):  
Ling Fang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
System Design ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Application System ◽  
Accurate Model ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
Global Understanding ◽  
The Relationship

This paper establishes a new object-oriented HIS modeling mechanism and method based on UML. For HIS development, first establish a concise and accurate model, and it is the key to the software development. It can make the developers grasp the global understanding of the whole system and the relationship between its related parts, and can prevent people prematurely get into the details of the various modules. It has a decisive influence on various aspects of the application system such as cost, performance, flexibility, security, maintenance and so on.

Neurodevelopment in the first three years: implications for child development, professional practice and policy

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danya Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Connections

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline brain structure and development, the relationship between environment and brain development and implications for practice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a selected review of the literature and clinical experience. Findings – While genetics determine the sequence of brain maturation, the nature of brain development and functioning is determined by the young child's caregiving environment, to which the developing brain constantly adapts. The absence of input during sensitive periods may lead to later reduced functioning. There is an undoubted immediate equivalence between every mind function – emotion, cognition, behaviour and brain activity, although the precise location of this in the brain is only very partially determinable, since brain connections and function are extremely complex. Originality/value – This paper provides an overview of key issues in neurodevelopment relating to the development of young children, and implications for policy and practice.

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