Preparation of Poly (MMA-S-DVB) Microspheres by Suspension Polymerization Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 745-746 ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Qun Chen ◽  
Zi Cai Sun ◽  
Xiao Wei Wang ◽  
Xiao Hui Chen ◽  
Jian Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Absorption Analysis ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Macroporous Resin ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Divinyl Benzene ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Polymerization Method

In this work, Poly (methy methacrylate-styrene-divinyl benzene) (MMA-S-DVB) microspheres were prepared by suspension polymerization approach in the presence of n-dodecane as porogenic agent. Various types of measurements,such as binocular biological microscope with micrometer, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and N2 absorption analysis (BET) were conducted to characterize the MMA-S-DVB microspheres. The effect of the amount of surfactants (PVA and NaCl), porogenic agent and crossing agent (DVB) on the morphology of microspheres was investigated and mass ratio of oil/water and the stirring speed were also discussed. Finally, according to the experimental results,the optimum experimental condition was obtained as follow: the mass ratio of S:MMA:DVB=3:3:4, the concentration of PVA in the water phase is 2.2 wt %, the concentration of NaCl is 5 wt %, the mass ratio of oil/water is 1:11, the stirring speed is 500rpm.Via controlling the optimum reaction conditions of the suspension polymerization, the crosslinked macroporous resin polymer MMA-S-DVB microspheres with excellent sphericity and controllable diameter in a range of 200~400 μm can be gained.

Preparation and Water Absorbency of Superabsorbent Kaolin/PAA-AM Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1968-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Han Shen ◽  
Yu Yu Zhang ◽  
Tian Bin Li ◽  
Qing Le Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Solution Polymerization ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Superabsorbent Composite ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Composite Variables

In this paper, a novel superabsorbent composite material based on acrylic acid (AA), acrylic amide (AM) and inorganic kaolin was synthesized via solution polymerization in aqueous medium with N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker and potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. The effects of water absorbency of the composite variables, such as neutralization, kaolin concentration and MBA concentration, on the water absorbency were systematically optimized. Evidence of compositing was obtained by a comparison of the Fourier transform infrared spectra of the initial reactants with that of the superabsorbent composites, and its complex structure was confirmed with scanning electron microscope. The water absorbing mechanism was also discussed. The results indicated that the superabsorbent composite material was successfully synthesized and the optimum reaction conditions were as follows: the neutralization degree was 80%, the dosage of kaolin, crosslinker and initiator were 4%, 0.11%, and 0.9% respectively and the mass ratio of AA and AM was 3∶2. The optimum absorbency of the superabsorbent composite material in distilled water could reach 815.6g/g.

scholarly journals Synthesis of NdAlO3 Nanoparticles and Evaluation of the Catalytic Capacity for Biodiesel Synthesis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionicio-Navarrete ◽  
Arrieta-Gonzalez ◽  
Quinto-Hernandez ◽  
Casales-Diaz ◽  
Zuñiga-Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Catalytic Capacity

Biodiesel synthesis was carried out via heterogeneous catalysis of canola oil with nanoparticles of a mixed oxide based on rare earths. The catalyst synthesis (NdAlO3) was carried out based on the method proposed by Pechini for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) analysis was performed on the nanoparticle precursor gel in order to establish the optimum conditions for its calcination, with these being of 800 °C over 24 h. A pure NdAlO3 compound with an approximate size of 100 nm was obtained. The products of the transesterification reaction were analyzed using gas chromatography, FTIR, and NMR. The optimum reaction conditions were determined, namely, the temperature effect, reaction time, methanol:oil mass ratio, and recyclability of the catalyst. These studies showed the following optimal conditions: 200 °C, 5 h, methanol:oil mass ratio of 6:1, and a constant decrease in the catalytic activity of the catalyst was observed for up to six reuses, which later remained constant at around a 50% conversion rate. The maximum biodiesel yield obtained with the optimum conditions was around 75%. Analysis of the reaction products showed that the residual oil showed a chemical composition different from that of the source oil, and that both the biodiesel and glycerol obtained were of high purity.

Porous Poly(1-naphthylamine) Synthesized by Interfacial Polymerization

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhong Hou ◽  
Qing Hao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Amorphous Polymer ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Micro Morphology ◽  
Polymerization Method ◽  
Porous Poly

Porous poly (1-naphthylamine) were synthesized by interfacial polymerization method. The effects of several reaction conditions including oxidant/monomer molar ratio, polymerization temperature and reaction time on the polymerization yield have been investigated. The highest yield of poly (1-naphthylamine) was up to 73% at oxidant/monomer molar ratio of 3 and polymerization temperature of 25 °C for over 20h. Using FT-IR and XRD to analyze the structure of the obtained polymer, the results show that the main mode of connection for 1-naphthylamine units was linking N to para-C and it formed amorphous polymer with some ordered strutures. The micro-morphology of the polymer observed by SEM was found to have irregular porous structure with pore size less than 5μm, which may be related to the “self-emulsion effect” during polymerization.

Isomerization of α-Pinene over Alumina-Pillared Montmorillonite

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Quan Yao ◽  
Lin Hua Zhu ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Tian Si
Keyword(s):  
Basal Spacing ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Catalytic Isomerization ◽  
Optimum Reaction

In this work, the liquid phase catalytic isomerization of α-pinene over alumina-pillared montmorillonitewas investigated, and the influence of reaction temperature, reaction time and amount of the catalyston the conversion of α-pinenewere discussed systematically, and the optimum reaction conditions forisomerization of α-pineneover alumina-pillared montmorillonitewere obtained. The basal spacing of thealumina-pillared montmorillonite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the liquid reactant was separated and identified by gas chromatography. The result showed that alumina-pillared montmorillonite with 1.83nm of basal spacing exhibited a high catalytic activity for the isomerization of α-pinene, and 97.4% conversion of α-pinene was achievedat 373K for 3hwhen the mass ratio of catalyst to α-pinene was 1/10.

Synthesise of (4-Ethynyl-Phenyl)-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-Diazene, a Novel Intermediate of Azobenzene Liquid Crystal with High Birefrigence

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 1705-1708
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Huo ◽  
Qi Pei Xu ◽  
Zong Cheng Miao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Sonogashira Coupling ◽  
Target Compound ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Silyl Group ◽  
Sonogashira Coupling Reaction ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ft Ir

In order to obtain an important azobenzene liquid crystal intermediate with phenylacetylene group, Sonogashira coupling reaction was used to preparation the compound. In this paper, the intermediate was synthesized by (4-Iodo-phenyl)-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-diazene and trimethyl silyl acetylene (TMSA) as raw materials, and then the trimethyl silyl group was removaled under the action of K2CO3. During the synthesis, the optimum reaction conditions were obtained, that the mol ratio of (4-Iodo-phenyl)-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-diazene and trimethyl silyl acetylene was 1:2, the reaction temperature was 80 oC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to measure the molecular structure of the target compound.

Study on the Synthesis and Properties of Water-Soluble Chitosan Grafted Copolymer

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1480-1485
Author(s):  
Shui Li Lai ◽  
Ning Yang ◽  
Qiang Chai
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Grafted Copolymer ◽  
Deacetylation Degree ◽  
Aqueous Solution Polymerization ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Polymerization Method

Grafted chitosan(CTS) copolymer was synthesized by the aqueous solution polymerization method, using the ammonium persulfate as initiator graft, Acrylamide（AM）and methacrylamide trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DMC) as the grafted monomer. The effects of reaction conditions on grafted copolymerization were studied. When the deacetylation degree of chitosan as raw material is 86%, the optimum reaction to produce CTS -AM-DMC ternary graft copolymers by first AM and then DMC sequence were obtained at [initiator] 0.08%, 50°Cand 3.5h.The structure of CTS-AM-DMC was characterized by FTIR and XRD. When the dosage of synthetic product is 0.3mg/L, the effect of flocculation on the papermaking wastewater is obvious better, which can make the light transmission up to 99%, and CODCr to 9mg/L.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic degradation of Direct Brown RN dye in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASM A Islam ◽  
T Ferdous ◽  
AK Das ◽  
MM Karim ◽  
SM Masum
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ft Ir

The ZnO nanoparticle was prepared by using Zn(NO3)2.6H2O and NaOH under optimum reaction conditions and the prepared nanoparticle was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sunlight irradiated photocatalytic degradation of Direct Brown RN dye was studied using ZnO nanoparticle. The results of this investigation revealed that in the presence of sunlight, catalyst load of 0.5 g?L-1 and time of contact of 40 min, ZnO nanoparticle showed substantial capability of destroying Direct Brown RN dye from solution. An actual leather effluent containing Brown RN as a major constituent along with other dyes and dyeing auxiliaries was treated using ZnO and the reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the treated effluent revealed almost complete destruction of the organic molecules along with color removal.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(1), 1-6, 2015

scholarly journals A novel betaine type asphalt emulsifier synthesized and investigated by online FTIR spectrophotometric method

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laishun Shi ◽  
Meijie Sun ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Bochen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ftir Technique ◽  
Online Ftir

A novel betaine type asphalt emulsifier 3-(N,N,N-dimethyl acetoxy ammonium chloride)-2-hydroxypropyl laurate was synthesized after three steps by the reaction of lauric acid, epichlorohydrin, dimethylamine and sodium chloroacetate. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained for the synthesis of the first step of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl laurate. The esterification yield reaches 97.1% at the optimum conditions of reaction temperature 80?C, reaction time 6 h, feedstock mole ratio of epichlorohydrin to lauric acid 1.5, mass ratio of catalyst to lauric acid 2%. The chemical structure of the product was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The first synthesis step of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl laurate was monitored by online FTIR technique. The by-product was detected by the online FTIR analysis. Based upon the experimental data, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed for the reaction. The CMC of the objective product has a lower value of 7.4?10-4 mol/L. The surface tension at CMC is 30.85 mN/m. The emulsifier is a rapid-set asphalt emulsifier.

SYNTHESIS, AND SURFACE-ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF PALM FATTY ACID AND 1(2-HYDROXYETHYL PIPERAZINE)-BASED ESTERAMIDE QUAT

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1129-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHILPI MISHRA ◽  
V. K. TYAGI
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Surface Active Properties ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Piperazine

In this study, an attempt has been made to synthesize esteramide quat by esterification of palm fatty acids with 1(2-hydroxyethyl piperazine) followed by quaternization with dimethyl sulphate (DMS). The optimum reaction conditions for esterification of palm fatty acids and 1(2-hydroxyethyl piperazine) were found to be 170°C reaction temperature and 150 mmHg pressure. The obtained esteramide was subjected to quaternization with different molar ratios of DMS. The consequences revealed that esteramide to DMS ratio of 1 : 0.95 and duration of quaternization for 2 h yielded esteramide quat of maximum cationic content, i.e., 64.9%. The instrumental analysis, viz. FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR verified the esterification and subsequent quaternization of the obtained esteramide quat. Furthermore, the surface-active and performance properties of synthesized esteramide quat were also evaluated.

Preparation of Terephthalic Acid (TPA) and Dioctyl Terephthalate (DOTP) by Anthracite's Alkali Oxygen Oxidation

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Kun Du ◽  
Ming Lei Lian ◽  
Zhi Fang Fan ◽  
Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Oxygen Oxidation

TPA was synthesized by a two step reaction. Firstly, water-soluble coal acids (CA) was obtained by oxygen-oxidation at 260°C in all aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, and then crud TPA was got by isomerization of the CA with the existence of CdCO3 catalyst and CO2 pressure. The optimum reaction conditions to get crude TPA were 4% amount of CdCO3 catalyst, and reacted at 420°C with initial 3.0MPa CO2 pressure. Pure TPA was obtained by a separation step and the yield of pure TPA is 37.16% (based on CA). Furthermore, DOTP was synthesized by the refined TPA and isooctanol. The influence of mole ratio of TPA and isooctanol, amount of catalyst and reaction time on the final yield of DOTP were discussed. The purity of TPA was detected by HPLC and DOTP was detected by FT-IR, 1H-NMR to get confirmatory results.

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