Preparation of Ni-P-Al2O3 Composite Film on Mild Steel with High Resistance to Corrosion and Wear

2013 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Rong Guang Wang ◽  
Hiroki Sawada ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Jian Nie
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Corrosion And Wear ◽  
Al2o3 Composite ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plating Solution ◽  
Electroless Plating Method

The Ni-P-Al2O3 composite film was coated on mild steel of SS400 with electroless plating method. In this process, different sizes of Al2O3 particles and different blended amounts of Al2O3 particles into the plating solution were applied. From the surface and cross section observation, it is known that the Al2O3 particles were uniformly dispersed in the Ni-P alloy. The highest corrosion resistance and the highest wear resistance of the Ni-P-Al2O3 composite film were obtained when adding Al2O3 particles with the mean diameter of 0.05μm into the plating solution at the blended amount of 1.0g/L.

Corrosion and Wear Resistances of Ni-P-Al2O3 Composite Film Prepared by Electroless Plating

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2767-2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Guang Wang ◽  
Hiroki Sawada ◽  
Mitsuo Kido
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Corrosion And Wear ◽  
Plating Solution ◽  
Al2o3 Particles

The electroless plating composite film Ni-P-Al2O3 was prepared on a mild steel of SS400 with stirring of the plating solution. The composite film became thinner and rougher when Al2O3 particles were blended into the plating solution. The corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the composite film were largely enhanced in comparision to the Ni-P film.

Physical analysis of the fleece of sheep for biological purposes. II. Estimation of the number and mean diameter of wool fibres from a cast of their cross-section

1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Limits Of Error

A technique has been developed for making a cast of the cross-section of a bundle of wool fibres under defined packing conditions. By counting the fibre impressions per unit area in representative portions of the cast, both the total number of fibres and the mean diameter can be rapidly calculated within fairly close limits of error.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Simulation of the Formation of Snowflakes

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1529-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Maruyama ◽  
Yasushi Fujiyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Collision Cross Section ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Sphere Model ◽  
Aggregate Model ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A stochastic microphysical model of snow aggregation that combines a simple aggregation model with a Monte Carlo method was developed. Explicit treatment of the shape of individual snowflakes in the new model facilitates examination of the structure of snowflakes and the relationships between the parameters of the generated snowflakes, such as mass versus diameter, in addition to comparisons with observations. In this study, complexities in the shape of snowflakes are successfully simulated, and the understanding of the evolution of their size distribution is advanced. The mean diameter of snow particles evolves more rapidly in the aggregate model than in the sphere model. However, growth rates of the aggregates greatly depend on the collision section of particles in aggregation. The mean mass of snowflakes in the aggregate model grows more slowly than the mass in the sphere model when the sum of the particle cross section is used as the collision cross section. The mean mass grows more quickly when a circle is used whose radius is the sum of the radii of two particles. Sensitivity experiments showed that aggregation also depends on the mean and standard deviation of the initial distribution, and on the density of constituent particles.

Surface Flatness and Interface Stability of Ni-P Film using New Electroless Plating Method with the Emulsion of Supercritical CO2

2006 ◽  
Vol 968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Uchiyama ◽  
Masato Sone ◽  
Chiemi Ishiyama ◽  
Yakichi Higo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Technology ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Surface Flatness ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Plating Solution ◽  
Electroless Plating Method

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a novel coating method combining supercritical fluid technology and electroless plating in a hybrid technique. The electroless plating reactions are carried out in an emulsion of supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and an electroless plating solution with surfactants. The Ni-P film obtained by this proposed technique was a uniform and conformal film without the pinholes and nodules. The Ni-P film fabricated by our technique was smoother and more uniform than the substrate after pretreatment and the conventional electroless plating.

Non-isothermal crystallization behavior of spinel crystals in FeO-SiO2-TiO2-V2O3-Cr2O3 slag

2018 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Lixiong Shao ◽  
Jiang Diao ◽  
Wang Zhou ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Bing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Vanadium Slag ◽  
Growth Behaviour ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Chromium Spinel ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

The growth behaviour of spinel crystals in vanadium slag with high Cr2O3 content was investigated and clarified by statistical analyses based on the Crystal Size Distribution (CSD) theory. The results indicate that low cooling rate and Cr2O3 content benefit the growth of spinel crystals. The chromium spinel crystals firstly precipitated and then acted as the heterogeneous nuclei of vanadium and titanium spinel crystals. The growth mechanisms of the spinel crystals at the cooling rate of 5 K/min consist two regimes: firstly, nucleation control in the temperature range of 1873 to 1773 K, in which the shapes of CSD curves are asymptotic; secondly, surface and supply control within the temperature range of 1773 to 1473 K, in which the shapes of CSD curves are lognormal. The mean diameter of spinel crystals increases from 3.97 to 52.21 µm with the decrease of temperature from 1873 to 1473 K.

scholarly journals Sources of Variability in the Response of Labeled Microspheres and B Cells during the Analysis by a Flow Cytometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8256
Author(s):  
Adolfas K. Gaigalas ◽  
Yu-Zhong Zhang ◽  
Linhua Tian ◽  
Lili Wang
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Mean Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Flow Cytometer ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
The Mean

A stochastic model of the flow cytometer measurement process was developed to assess the nature of the observed coefficient of variation (CV%) of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) from a population of labeled microspheres (beads). Several sources of variability were considered: the total number of labels on a bead, the path through the laser beam, the optical absorption cross-section, the quantum yield, the numerical aperture of the collection optics, and the photoelectron conversion efficiency of the photomultiplier (PMT) cathode. The variation in the number of labels on a bead had the largest effect on the CV% of the MFI of the bead population. The variation in the path of the bead through the laser beam was minimized using flat-top lasers. The variability in the average optical properties of the labels was of minor importance for beads with sufficiently large number of labels. The application of the bead results to the measured CV% of labeled B cells indicated that the measured CV% was a reliable measure of the variability of antibodies bound per cell. With some modifications, the model can be extended to multicolor flow cytometers and to the study of CV% from cells with low fluorescence signal.

scholarly journals Bark proportion of Scots pine industrial wood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferréol Berendt ◽  
Erik Pegel ◽  
Lubomir Blasko ◽  
Tobias Cremer
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Volume Proportion ◽  
Bark Damage ◽  
Mass Proportion ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBark characteristics are not only used in the forest-wood supply chain, for example to calculate standing volumes, but also to transform wood volumes and masses. In this study, bark thickness, bark volume and bark mass were analyzed on the basis of 150 Scots pine discs, with a mean diameter of 13 cm. The mean double bark thickness was 3.02 mm, the mean bark volume proportion was 5.6% and mean bark mass proportion was 3.3%. Bark proportions were significantly affected by the log-specific variables ‘diameter over bark’, ‘proportion of bark damage’ and ‘double bark thickness’.

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