Investigation of the Microstructure and Bio-Corrosion Behaviour of Mg-Zn and Mg-Zn-Ca Alloys

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 788-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lu ◽  
Andrew Bradshaw ◽  
Yu Lung Chiu ◽  
Ian Jones
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Corrosion Properties

Biomedical applications of magnesium alloys have attracted increasing attention due to their unique combination of advantages. However, the poor corrosion resistance is an obstacle to magnesium alloys being used as biodegradable materials. As zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) are non-toxic and recognized as nutritionally essential elements in the human body, in this study Zn and Ca were selected as alloying elements to produce suitable bio-corrosion properties. The grain size was reduced significantly from 141.4 μm to 97.3 μm by adding Ca. The bio-corrosion performance of the two alloys (Mg-3Zn and Mg-3Zn-0.3Ca) was characterized using immersion tests in simulated body fluid at 37 °C. The alloys were dominated by pitting corrosion. Heat treatment was used to alter the microstructure and influence further the corrosion rate. The correlation between microstructure and bio-corrosion rate was evaluated, in the light of the alloying elements and the heat treatment employed.

Experimental investigation and empirical modeling for corrosion rate prediction of biodegradable zinc based composite considering the effect of constituent materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110556
Author(s):  
Dayanidhi Krishana Pathak ◽  
Pulak Mohan Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid Solution ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Corrosion Properties

Biodegradable zinc (Zn) has shown great potential in the area of biomedical applications. Though, the mechanical properties are decisive for the use of Zn for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications. Consequently, one needs to focus on improving the mechanical properties of Zn for its suitability in biomedical applications. Alloying of essential elements of the human body resulted in enhancement of Zn’s mechanical properties in recent years. The corrosion rate of pure Zn is ideal; however, the addition of other elements has resulted in a loss of its ideal corrosion rate. The inclusion of hydroxyapatite (HA) and iron (Fe) in Zn has also been reported in improving the mechanical properties. Hence, a need is raised for the development of a model which can predict the corrosion rate after adding HA along with Fe in Zn. In this research work, empirical based modeling is proposed to predict the corrosion rate, which incorporates the outcome of addition of Fe and HA in Zn. The Zn based materials were fabricated with the help of microwave sintering for developing the empirical model. The corrosion properties of the materials were assessed through a potentiodynamic polarization test in a simulated body fluid solution. The enhanced corrosion rate was attained with the rise in HA (wt%) and Fe (wt%) in Zn. An empirical correlation was established between the influencing controlling parameters (i.e., corrosion current, equivalent weight, and material density) of corrosion rate. Confirmation experiments were conducted to validate the developed model, and the highest error of 6.12% was obtained between the experimental and predicted values exhibiting the efficaciousness of the proposed model.

scholarly journals Influence of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behaviour of Aluminium Silver Nano Particle/Calcium Carbonate Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Omolayo Michael Ikumapayi ◽  
Esther T. Akinlabi ◽  
Olayinka Oluwatosin Abegunde ◽  
Precious Ken-Ezihuo ◽  
Henry A. Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Corrosive Media ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Weight Composition ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Hybrid Reinforcement

Corrosion is one of the leading sources of material failure and deterioration in society. Scholars have proposed different techniques to mitigate corrosion. This research study explores and validates one of these techniques. An Aluminium metal matrix (AMC) was produced using the stir casting method with various weight percentages of AgNp and CaCO3 reinforcements. Heat treatment was performed on the samples to enhance the metallurgical and corrosion properties of the materials. The corrosion rate of the AMC samples was tested in different corrosive media (neutral and acidic) with different concentrations using the weight loss analysis technique for several days. It was observed that the corrosion rate of the AMC relies on the nature of the electrolyte and the percentage concentration of this electrolyte. The heat treatment improves the corrosion resistance of the AMC samples. In addition, an increase in the % weight composition of the reinforcement (AgNp + CaCO3) results in a reduction in the corrosion rate of the AMC in both corrosive media. The optimal %weight composition was found to be 4% for the hybrid reinforcement of AgNp + CaCO3 and 6% for the CaCO3 reinforcement in both the untreated and heat-treated samples.

AZ31 and WE43 Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drahomír Dvorský ◽  
Jiří Kubásek ◽  
Dalibor Vojtěch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Biodegradable Implants ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Magnesium Matrix ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Mechanical And Corrosion Properties

Magnesium and its alloys are considered for application as materials for biodegradable implants as they have mechanical properties similar to bone tissue. High demands on corrosion and mechanical properties are made on these alloys. While mechanical properties of magnesium are usually enhanced by alloying, corrosion properties may deteriorate. This paper is focused on the comparison of magnesium alloys AZ31 (3 wt. % Al, 1 wt. % Zn) and WE43 (4 wt. % Y, 3 wt. % Nd) which are considered for biomedical applications. Besides the type of alloying elements, the preparation process has also great impact on final mechanical and corrosion properties. Alloying elements may be dissolved in magnesium matrix or they can form intermetallic phases, which alter final properties. Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of AZ31 and WE43 were studied and compared with pure magnesium.

Degradable magnesium-based alloys for biomedical applications: The role of critical alloying elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Chen ◽  
Jinhe Dou ◽  
Huijun Yu ◽  
Chuanzhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion

Magnesium-based alloys exhibit biodegradable, biocompatible and excellent mechanical properties which enable them to serve as ideal candidate biomedical materials. In particular, their biodegradable ability helps patients to avoid a second surgery. The corrosion rate, however, is too rapid to sustain the healing process. Alloying is an effective method to slow down the corrosion rate. However, currently magnesium alloys used as biomaterials are mostly commercial alloys without considering cytotoxicity from the perspective of biosafety. This article comprehensively reviews the status of various existing and newly developed degradable magnesium-based alloys specially designed for biomedical application. The effects of critical alloying elements, compositions, heat treatment and processing technology on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys are discussed in detail. This article covers Mg–Ca based, Mg–Zn based, Mg–Sr based, Mg–RE based and Mg–Cu-based alloy systems. The novel methods of fabricating Mg-based biomaterials and surface treatment on Mg based alloys for potential biomedical applications are summarized.

Effect of homogenization temperature and soaking time on the microstructure and corrosion properties of a twin roll casted AA3003

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3813 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donovan Verkens ◽  
Reynier Revilla ◽  
Mert Günyüz ◽  
Cemil Işıksaçan ◽  
Herman Terryn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Twin Roll

The AA3003 alloy is widely used as fin material in heat exchangers. The life time of these heat exchangers is mostly determined by their corrosion properties. Twin roll casting (TRC) of AA3003 material is known to often result in the formation of a macrosegregation area of alloying elements towards the centre plane of the casted strip (centre line segregation = CLS). Considering the potential exposure of cross-sectional areas of TRC material in the heat exchanger fin application, and the relatively high corrosion susceptibility of the CLS, the study of this region is of key importance to understand the microstructural effects on the resulting corrosion mechanisms and kinetics for these materials. Typically the alloys are homogenized to bring the microstructures closer to an equilibrium state, but the impact of this heat treatment on the corrosion properties is insufficiently studied. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of different homogenization procedures on the corrosion properties of the CLS and the interaction of the intermetallic particles with the surrounding aluminium matrix. This work shows that the pitting corrosion resistance is greatly dependent on the homogenization temperature, with better corrosion resistance obtained with higher temperature, especially near the CLS. This difference in corrosion behaviour is completely attributed to a difference in microstructure and not to an oxide layer effect. Furthermore, it is observed that not only temperature will have a large influence on the corrosion resistance, but duration of the heat treatment as well.

Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the Micro-Hardness and Corrosion Behaviour Mg-Zn Alloy Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Nono Darsono ◽  
Murni Handayani ◽  
Franciska Pramuji Lestari ◽  
Aprilia Erryani ◽  
I Nyoman Gede Putrayasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Implant ◽  
Zn Alloy

Magnesium Alloys have the potential to be applied in the various fields of applications including biomaterials. Magnesium Alloys are an interesting alloy due to its high strength to density ratio. They have been proposed as a biodegradable implant material due to its friendly effect to human body compared to another alloy. Besides its good biodegradable properties, it has a disadvantage of low hardness and corrosion properties. In order to overcome this, it has been combined with other metals such as Zinc (Zn) or Copper (Cu). To increase mechanical properties, we used Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) as reinforcement. Magnesium-Zinc (Mg-xZn) CNTs composites with several compositions was prepared by using powder metallurgy and sintered in the presence of flowing Argon (Ar) gas in tube furnace. Mg-Zn Alloy with the composition of 4% and 6% of Zn and the variation of CNTs at 0.1%, 0.3 %, and 0.5% was also prepared. Hardness testing by using microvickers showed that CNTs can increase the alloy hardness which the maximum hardness is 53.6 HV. The corrosion rates as low as 175.5 mpy exhibited for the Mg-Alloy with the composition of Mg-4-Zn with 0.1 wt.% of CNTs

Assessment of the Corrosion Behavior of a Sintered Al-Cu-Mg Alloy in Aeronautical Environments as a Function of the Heat Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 497-500
Author(s):  
S. Sánchez-Majado ◽  
José M. Torralba ◽  
Antonia Jiménez-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Sintered Sample ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Energy Dispersive Analysis ◽  
Prealloyed Powder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present work it has been studied the corrosion performance of a powder metallurgical aluminum alloy in aeronautical environments as a function of heat treatment. For this purpose an Al-Cu-Mg prealloyed powder was uniaxially pressed at 600 MPa followed by sintering at 590°C in nitrogen for 60 minutes. Subsequently sintered samples were heat treated to the T4 and T6 state. Corrosion behaviour was assessed by means of potentiodynamic polarization (PPT) in Dilute Harrison solution (DHS), which is considered to closely emulate the atmospheric environment for aircraft. PPT results for the equivalent wrought counterpart, AA2024 in its typical heat treatment for aeronautical applications T3, are also presented for comparison. The microstructure of each sample has been examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDX). Similar corrosion performance was observed for both the as sintered sample and its equivalent wrought counterpart, while corrosion resistance of the PM materials was improved by the heat treatment, especially in the T4 state.

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and corrosion resistance of extruded ZK80 Mg alloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092-1099
Author(s):  
Fenghong Cao ◽  
Chang Chen ◽  
Zhenyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Corrosion Properties

The corrosion characteristics and corrosion mechanism of the extruded ZK80 alloy with different states soaking in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature were analyzed via OM, SEM, EDS, XRD and static weightlessness method and other experimental analysis methods. The results show that when the aging temperature is constant, and the corrosion rate decreases with the lengthen of aging time, while when the corrosion time is constant, the corrosion rate increases with the increase in aging time. Appropriate aging treatment not only refines the grain of the alloy, but also precipitates the Mg–Zn phase which can effectively prevent the corrosion process and improve the anti-corrosion properties of the alloy. The main corrosion characteristics of the alloy are filamentary corrosion and pitting corrosion.

Corrosion and Protection of Magnesium Alloys: An Overview of Research Undertaken by CAST

2005 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Ling Song
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Research Organisation ◽  
Alloying Effects

There is growing interest in magnesium alloys as structural materials for the automotive, aerospace and electronic industries. However, the corrosion performance of most magnesium alloys is not good enough for the increasingly diverse practical applications. The Cooperative Research Centre for Cast Metals Manufacturing (CAST) is an Australian research organisation established to cope with the problems associated with development and application of light metals. Corrosion and prevention of magnesium and its alloys has been an important part of CAST’s research program since 1995. The research effort in this area is focused on solving corrosion problems relative to the application of magnesium alloys in the automotive industries. Nevertheless, encompassed by the requirements of the applied research, some fundamental studies have also been conducted. This paper presents a brief summary of some of the research achievements in this area recently made by CAST. They include studies of corrosion behaviour, alloying effects, corrosion inhibition and surface treatment of magnesium alloys.

Corrosion Properties of Supersaturated Magnesium Alloy Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 1679-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Blawert ◽  
V. Heitmann ◽  
Wolfgang Dietzel ◽  
M. Störmer ◽  
Y. Bohne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Pvd Coatings ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Cast Material ◽  
Linear Polarization Resistance ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Alloy Systems

The range of applications for magnesium alloys is still limited due to their relatively poor corrosion behavior. In recent years, various new magnesium alloys were developed, some of them with improved corrosion properties, thus opening new fields of application. However, the number of alloying elements for the use in conventional cast processes is limited due to their interaction with liquid magnesium, other alloying elements or large differences in the melting temperatures. The possibilities for grain refinement by post-processing are also restricted. PVD techniques can help to produce supersaturated precipitation free and microcrystalline magnesium layers. Using ion beam and magnetron sputtering, binary or ternary Mg-Al, Mg-Ti and Mg-Sn alloy systems as well as standard alloys (AM50, AZ91 and AE42) were deposited on silicon and on magnesium substrates. The effect of the microstructure on the corrosion properties was studied by comparing as cast material and PVD coatings using potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance techniques.

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