Characterization of a Quartzite Residue and its Application in Red Clay Ceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Pereira Babisk ◽  
Wagner Souza Ribeiro ◽  
Mariane Costalonga de Aguiar ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Clay Body ◽  
Clay Ceramics

The fabrication of conventional red clay ceramics products for civil construction, such as bricks and roofing tiles, normally uses other raw materials like sand, in addition to clay, as a way to condition the final ceramic properties. Quartzite residues, from ornamental stone processing in the northeast region of Brazil, could be used as possible conditioner material for clay body in a ceramic industry owing to its similar characteristics to common sand. In the present work, complementing a recent publication on the same materials, a quartzite residue was characterized and its potential as a red clay ceramic addition was evaluated for different composition up to 40 wt%. The results indicated economical advantages in association with some technical benefits.

Characterization of Elephant Grass Ash as a Potential Clay Ceramic Addition

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Marcia Ferreira Dias da Silva ◽  
Karla Albernaz Sales ◽  
Veronica Scarpini Candido ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Clay Body ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Fluxing Agent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The elephant grass (Pennicetum purpureum) is traditionally used both as fresh feedstock for cattle and, dried, as fuel for ceramic production in Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil. In the present work the bottom ash generated after dry grass incineration in a ceramic furnace was characterized for a possible addition into red clay ceramics. The characterization comprised the ash morphology by laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDS and thermal behavior by thermogravimetry as well as differential thermal analysis. These results indicated that the elephant grass ash could be added into a clay body not only as a fluxing agent but also to improve the particles compaction before firing.

Characterization of a Water Clearing Treatment Residue and Its Application as Clay Ceramic Addition

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 642-647
Author(s):  
Carolina Nascimento de Oliveira ◽  
Michelle Pereira Babisk ◽  
Fernando Vernilli ◽  
Veronica Scarpini Candido ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Important Residue ◽  
Clay Ceramics

The addition of industrial residues into common red clay ceramic has been, from many decades, an alternative of using other low cost raw materials and, more recently, as an environmentally correct destination for polluting substances. An important residue, known as yellow sludge, is that generated at the water clearing stage (WCS) of a treatment plant by some heavy industries such as an integrated steel making. Since this yellow sludge residue is normally disposed in ways that pollutes water bodies, the objective of the present work was to characterize a WCS yellow sludge and investigate its addition into clay ceramics. The residue was characterized by X-ray fluorescence, particle size distribution and scanning electron microscopy. The addition was carried out up to 7.5 wt% followed by firing at 800oC. The added ceramics were evaluated in terms of water absorption, linear shrinkage, dry apparent density and flexural rupture strength. It was found that the residue addition does not practically alter the ceramic technical properties.

Characterization of a Red Mud and a Clay Body for Ceramic Fabrication

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 514-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Pereira Babisk ◽  
Thalissa Pizetta Altoé ◽  
Henrique Junio de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Ulisses Soares do Prado ◽  
Monica Castoldi Borlini Gadioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Clay Matrix ◽  
Clay Body ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Red Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Clay

Red mud is a specific term applied for a residue generated during the processing of aluminum ores, mainly bauxite in the Bayer process, to produce alumina (Al2O3). In several countries where bauxite is mined and processed, distinct red muds are generated in ever growing amounts and becoming an environmental problem. This problem is also affecting the large bauxite processing plants in Brazil and a possible solution for the red mud is its addition to clay ceramics. Before an industrial scale addition is implanted, the specific red mud needs to be characterized for compatible behavior with the ceramic clay matrix. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to characterize a red mud generated in Brazil for an eventual addition to clay ceramic. This was conducted through the determination of density, chemical and mineralogical composition as well as size distribution and microscopic observation of particles. The results indicated that the specific red mud investigated is compatible with clays and has a potential for addition in common red ceramics.

Influence of Quartzite Residues on the Strength of Added Red Clay Ceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Pereira Babisk ◽  
Wagner Souza Ribeiro ◽  
Mariane Costalonga de Aguiar ◽  
Veronica Scarpini Candido ◽  
Monica Castoldi Borlini Gadioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Allotropic Transformation ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Bend Tests ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Ceramic Clay

The incorporation of industrial residues into red clay ceramics has in past decades been used not only as a search for the alternative use of lower cost raw-materials but also an environmentally correct way of destination of polluting wastes. This work had as its objective to study the influence of incorporation of a quartzite stone residue on the mechanical strength of a red clay ceramic. Clay bodies were prepared with up to 40 wt% of the residue. These clay bodies were then uniaxially press-molded and sintered at 800 and 1050oC. The strength was evaluated by three points bend tests. The microstructural analysis was conducted by means of both optical and scanning electron microscopes. A tendency for decreasing the strength was found with the amount of incorporated residue. This was a consequence of the inert characteristic of the quartz, which is the predominant mineral in the quartzite stone, as well as the possible effect of cracks nucleated during the quartz allotropic transformation.

Factorial Design for 32 Experimental Planning of Clay Ceramic Incorporated with Ornamental Stone Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bozzi Piazzarollo ◽  
Gustavo de Castro Xavier ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
32 Factorial Design ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Stone Industry

In recent decade there has been a worldwide trend towards encouraging the recycling of solid wastes. Both environmental and economical issues motivate recycling of industrial wastes from practically all productive sectors. In particular, the ornamental stone industry generates a significant amount of wastes in the form of small rocks and sludge. Several works have investigated the possibility of incorporation of these ornamental stone wastes (OSW) into red clay ceramics. Promising results were reported but the optimum condition the terms of composition and firing temperature are still to be defined. Therefore, the present work investigated the best values for the main technical properties through an experimental planning using 32 factorial design associated with the incorporation of OSW into clay ceramics. The best combination of strength and water absorption was found for 12 wt% incorporation and firing temperature of 920°C.

scholarly journals Flexural Strength and Crack Propagation of Porous Clay- Precipitated Calcium Carbonates

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
NUR ALIA BINTI ROSLIN AZMY
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
Significant Difference

Porous clay-precipitated calcium carbonates were prepared via polymeric sponge replication method using precipitated calcium carbonates (PCC) and red clay as raw materials. Different compositions of precipitated calcium carbonates (PCC) which is 10 wt.% and 15 wt.% with 24 hours and 48 hours milling time were sintered at 1250°C for 2 hours respectively which influenced the flexural strength and morphology of the porous ceramic. The highest flexural strength (1.843 MPa) were obtained by 10 wt.% [CaCO3]PCC milled at 24 hours related to the lowest percentage of porosity (81.00%). Mineralogical characterization of porous ceramic were determined via X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the presence of crystalline phases such as anorthite (2CaAl2Si2O8), gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and esseneite (CaFeAlSiO6) after sintering process. The morphological analysis via stereomicroscope shows that the porosity and struts were found due to presence of precipitated calcium carbonates that act as pore forming agent. The colour of porous ceramic between 10 wt.% [CaCO3]PCC and 15 wt.% [CaCO3]PCC shows significant difference due to iron oxide contained in the red clay which contributes to the colour of the samples. Crack propagates in the intergranular type of fracture mode due to resulted porous ceramic is a brittle material.

Characterization of the City of Red Clay Apodi-RN

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 837-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flanelson M. Monteiro ◽  
Tércio G. Machado ◽  
José Sousa ◽  
Eiji Harima ◽  
Samara M. Valcacer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
The City

Ceramic products made from red clay to move the economy of Rio Grande do Norte. Among the most common ones are outstanding bricks, tiles and slabs in different sizes and shapes. In perspective to seek products with good quality in the ceramic industry, the characterization of the raw material is essential for obtaining an excite end product. The municipality of Apodi located in the Upper West Rio Grande do Norte has the ceramic industry as a sector of great economic importance in the site. However the absence of technology for characterization of the clays found in the region is the major problem for local entrepreneurs. The objective this study is to characterize the red clay one of the ceramics used by the municipality of Apodi-RN. The procedure will be done through the testing of Plasticity, Liquidity, linear shrinkage, absorption water, porosity, XRD and EDX.

Residual Coal Characterization for Addition to Red Clay Ceramics

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Coal Characterization ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Clay Body ◽  
Residual Coal ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Clay

The high temperature firing to process clay ceramics requires some kind of fuel, which is associated with cost and embodied energy of the final product. Saving in fuel by introducing substances with heating power represents both economical and energetical advantages. The incorporation of a fuel containing waste into the precursor clay body constitutes also an environmentally correct solution for the destination of the waste. A typical fuel-containing waste, generated in large scale, is the residual coal, which falls to the harbor yard during transfer from the cargo ship. This coal can no longer be embarked and is usually discarded in the environment. Its addition into ceramic clay is the most viable solution. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to characterize a residual coal in terms of its chemical constituents, heat power and granulometric distribution. The results indicate that the residual coal presents toxic compounds in amounts below the limits established by the environmental legislation. Its fine granulometry favors the addition to clay ceramics.

Resistance to Synthetic Seawater Aggression of Clay Ceramics Incorporated with an Ornamental Stone Residue

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo de Castro Xavier ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Paulo César de Almeida Maia ◽  
Fernando Saboya Albuquerque ◽  
Leonardo Gonçalves Pedroti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Synthetic Seawater ◽  
Internal Expansion ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Chloride Salts

Clay ceramic materials exposed to a marine environment may be subjected to complete degradation due to the presence of chloride salts in the air. The exposition allows the chloride to penetrate in structural pores causing an internal expansion, which eventually split the ceramic apart. In open air, the solar radiation as well as the rain and wind contribute to accelerate the degradation process. In the present work the laboratory assisted degradation of clay ceramics incorporated with a granite residue from ornamental stone processing was evaluated by synthetic seawater aggression according to standard procedure. The amount of incorporated residues, up to 10 wt % and the ceramic firing temperature, up to 900°C, were variable conditions statistically analyzed by factorial planning. Degradation wetting-drying tests were conducted up to 6 months. The results showed that the linear shrinkage of the residue-free ceramics do not stabilize during the test period for any firing temperature. By contrast, the residue-incorporated ceramics tend to stabilize after 4 months. In addition, a decrease in water absorption and flexural strength was observed in same speciemens.

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