The Leachability of Heavy Metals from Alkali-Activated Fly Ash and Blast Furnace Slag Matrices

The ability of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) to fix and immobilize heavy metals was investigated. Two raw materials were used to prepare alkali-activated matrices – high-temperature fly ash and blast furnace slag (BFS). NaOH served as an alkaline activator. Two heavy metals (Mn, Ni) were added in different amounts to find out the influence of dosage of heavy metal on the mechanical properties of the matrices and the leachability. Leachability was measured as concentration of heavy metals in leachates (ČSN EN 12457-4) by inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES). Structure of prepared matrices was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Increasing of addition of heavy metals led to decrease of mechanical properties of matrices. The leaching tests showed, that both matrices can immobilize Mn and Ni in dosages of 0.1 – 2,5%. Higher dosages caused deterioration of the matrices and increased the leachability. After alkali activation both heavy metals were transformed into the form of insoluble salts.

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Influence of Pb Dosage on Immobilization Characteristics of Different Types of Alkali-Activated Mixtures and Mortars

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/4026127 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jan Koplík ◽

Jaromír Pořízka ◽

Lukáš Kalina ◽

Jiří Másilko ◽

Matěj Březina

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Leaching Tests ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

Alkali-activated matrices are suitable materials for the immobilization of hazardous materials such as heavy metals. This paper is focused on the comparison of immobilization characteristics of various inorganic composite materials based on blast furnace slag and on the influence of various dosages of the heavy metal Pb on the mechanical properties and fixation ability of prepared matrices. Blast furnace slag (BFS), fly ash, and standard sand were used as raw materials, and sodium water glass was used as an alkaline activator. Pb(NO3)2served as a source of heavy metal and was added in various dosages in solid state or as aqueous solution. The immobilization characteristics were determined by leaching tests, and the content of Pb in the eluate was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The microstructure of matrices and distribution of Pb within the matrix were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Increasing the dosage of the heavy metal had negative impacts on the mechanical properties of prepared matrices. The leaching tests confirmed the ability of alkali-activated materials to immobilize heavy metals. With increasing addition of Pb, its content in eluates increased.

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A study on the mechanical properties of alkali activated ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash concrete

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.328 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Manojsuburam ◽

E. Sakthivel ◽

E. Jayanthimani

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Fly Ash Concrete ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

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Immobilization of Sr2+, Bi3+ and Zn2+ in Alkali-Activated Materials Based on Blast Furnace Slag and Fly Ash

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.761.15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 761 ◽

pp. 15-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jan Koplík ◽

Tomáš Solný ◽

Lukáš Kalina ◽

Jiří Másilko

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activation ◽

Alkaline Activator ◽

Insoluble Compounds ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activated ◽

State Of Metals

It is well known, that alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are suitable for immobilization of heavy metals and other hazardous materials. This study is focused on the characterization of inhibition of three metals – Sr2+, Bi3+and Zn2+in alkali-activated matrices. Two type of matrices were prepared – alkali-activated blast furnace slag (BFS) and alkali-activated fly ash (FA). Sodium water glass was used as alkaline activator. The ability of these matrices to fix the metals were proved by leaching tests. Compressive strength was measured to characterize mechanical properties of the matrices. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to examine distribution and chemical state of metals within the matrices. The observed metals mainly formed the insoluble compounds after alkali activation.

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The Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Binary Cements Developed by Combining Ceramic Sanitaryware with Fly Ash or Blast Furnace Slag

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min8080337 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 337 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juan Cosa ◽

Lourdes Soriano ◽

María Borrachero ◽

Lucía Reig ◽

Jordi Payá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Alkali Activation ◽

High Calcium ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

The properties of a binder developed by the alkali-activation of a single waste material can improve when it is blended with different industrial by-products. This research aimed to investigate the influence of blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash (FA) (0–50 wt %) on the microstructure and compressive strength of alkali-activated ceramic sanitaryware (CSW). 4 wt % Ca(OH)2 was added to the CSW/FA blended samples and, given the high calcium content of BFS, the influence of BFS was analyzed with and without adding Ca(OH)2. Mortars were used to assess the compressive strength of the blended cements, and their microstructure was investigated in pastes by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. All the samples were cured at 20 °C for 28 and 90 days and at 65 °C for 7 days. The results show that the partial replacement of CSW with BFS or FA allowed CSW to be activated at 20 °C. The CSW/BFS systems exhibited better mechanical properties than the CSW/FA blended mortars, so that maximum strength values of 54.3 MPa and 29.4 MPa were obtained in the samples prepared with 50 wt % BFS and FA, respectively, cured at 20 °C for 90 days.

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Hybrid Alkali Activated Concretes - Conception and Development for Practical Application

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.249.3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 249 ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vlastimil Bílek ◽

Jan Hurta ◽

Petra Done ◽

Libor Zidek ◽

Tomas Zajdlik

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Mineral Admixtures ◽

Alkali Activation ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Mineral Additions ◽

New Type ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

Hybrid cements represent a relatively new type of binders which combine some of the advantages of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), the application of mineral admixtures and alkali activation. Hybrid cements represent blends containing a low portion of OPC and a high proportion of mineral additions (such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, metakaolin ....). The paper is focused on the study of properties of mortars prepared from hybrid cements. Mortars with hybrid cements were prepared for an evaluation of the effects of the dosage and the composition of alkali activator, the dosage of OPC and the ratio between ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash. The results make it possible to optimize the composition of hybrid alkali activated concretes.

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RESEARCH OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BLENDED BRICKS WİTH FLY ASH BASED, BLAST FURNACE SLAG ADDITION

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i1.2019.1041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 126-136

Author(s):

Hakan Çağlar ◽

Arzu Çağlar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Second Stage ◽

Volume Weight ◽

History Of ◽

Furnace Slag

In this study, it is aimed to make improvements on blended brick (1) which is the first building material has a history of at least 10,000 years. To the blended brick which is a traditional material was kept constant at 5% the addition of fly ash which is industrial waste. It was aim of determine of the effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the blended brick using different ratios (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) blast furnace slag. In the first stage, the production of fly ash-based blast furnace slag doped sample of blended brick was performed. In the second stage, a variety of experiments were applied to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the blended brick sample. As a result; It has been determined that unit volume weight and compressive strength decreases with the use of industrial wastes in blended brick production. They have occured an increase in porosity and capillary water absorption values. The use of industrial wastes in the production of blended bricks will contribute both improve the properties of the bricks and the reduction of wastes left to the environment.

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Mechanical properties of alkali activated blast furnace slag pastes reinforced with carbon fibers

Construction and Building Materials ◽

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.066 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 116 ◽

pp. 63-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J.L. Vilaplana ◽

F.J. Baeza ◽

O. Galao ◽

E.G. Alcocel ◽

E. Zornoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

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Influence of low-temperature curing on the mechanical strength, hydration process, and microstructure of alkali-activated fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag mortar

Construction and Building Materials ◽

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 269 ◽

pp. 121811

Author(s):

Xiaobin Wei ◽

Dongqing Li ◽

Feng Ming ◽

Chengsong Yang ◽

Lei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Hydration Process ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

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Comparison of Selected Properties of Portland Cement Based Materials and Alkali Activated Materials Based on Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.865.107 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 865 ◽

pp. 107-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pavel Mec ◽

Jana Boháčová ◽

Josef Koňařík

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Water Glass ◽

Sodium Metasilicate ◽

Alkali Activation ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Cement Based Materials ◽

One Year ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

Alkali activated systems are materials formed by alkali-activation of latent hydraulic or pozzolanic materials. The outcome is a polymeric structure with properties comparable to materials based on cement.The principle of the experiment is to compare selected properties of alkali-activated materials based on blast furnace slag and using various types of activator (sodium water glass, potassium water glass, DESIL AL and sodium metasilicate) to binders based on white and Portland cements of the highest quality. The samples were left for one year in environments simulating the conditions in the interior and exterior. Selected physical-mechanical properties were evaluated and compared.

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