Theoretical Evaluation of Rheological State of Sand Cement Composite Systems with Polyoxyethylene Additive Using Topological Dynamics Concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Erofeev ◽  
Aleksandr Bobryshev ◽  
Aleksandr Lakhno ◽  
Lenar Shafigullin ◽  
Ilnaz Khalilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solution ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Theoretical Evaluation ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Polymer Powder ◽  
Cement System ◽  
Phase Water

Presents the results of studies of contemporary materials in the field of rheological state. The topological mortar structure has been provided by theoretical evaluation of the rheological state of the cross-linked solutions and the experimental viscosity data of the sand cement mortar which has been modified by water-soluble additive – polyoxyethylene. The general model has been made for the structure of non-Newtonian liquideous systems including dilatant, pseudoplastic bodies with two main rheological active components in their structure – rigid and viscous phases. It is shown that in pseudoplastic systems, as the shear stress increases, the viscous phase grows because of the reduction of rigid phase content. In dilatant systems the converse situation has been observed. Furthermore, these phases are not clearly distinguishable, but to the contrary they are spatially interconnected in a complex way. The structure modeling has been made for non-Newtonian bodies using the Shklovskii-de Gennes model. The studies have found that the construction composite sand cement system is defined as the pseudoplastic body where cement and sand act as the rigid phase, water solution of polyoxyethylene – as the viscous phase. These findings can be used to prove the influence of polymer powder on the workability of dry mortar.

scholarly journals Silica Monolith for the Removal of Pollutants from Gas and Aqueous Phases

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1316
Author(s):  
Vanessa Miglio ◽  
Chiara Zaccone ◽  
Chiara Vittoni ◽  
Ilaria Braschi ◽  
Enrico Buscaroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Silica Monoliths ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Gaseous Toluene ◽  
Mcm 41

This study focused on the application of mesoporous silica monoliths for the removal of organic pollutants. The physico-chemical textural and surface properties of the monoliths were investigated. The homogeneity of the textural properties along the entire length of the monoliths was assessed, as well as the reproducibility of the synthesis method. The adsorption properties of the monoliths for gaseous toluene, as a model of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), were evaluated and compared to those of a reference meso-structured silica powder (MCM-41) of commercial origin. Silica monoliths adsorbed comparable amounts of toluene with respect to MCM-41, with better performances at low pressure. Finally, considering their potential application in water phase, the adsorption properties of monoliths toward Rhodamine B, selected as a model molecule of water soluble pollutants, were studied together with their stability in water. After 24 h of contact, the silica monoliths were able to adsorb up to the 70% of 1.5 × 10−2 mM Rhodamine B in water solution.

scholarly journals Characterization of Aerosol Composition, Aerosol Acidity and Organic Acid Partitioning at an Agriculture-Intensive Rural Southeastern U.S. Site

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Nah ◽  
Hongyu Guo ◽  
Amy P. Sullivan ◽  
Yunle Chen ◽  
David J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract. The implementation of stringent emission regulations has resulted in the decline of anthropogenic pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). In contrast, ammonia (NH3) emissions are largely unregulated, with emissions projected to increase in the future. We present real-time aerosol and gas measurements from a field study conducted in an agricultural-intensive region in the southeastern U.S. during the fall of 2016 to investigate how NH3 affects particle acidity and SOA formation via the gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic acids. Particle water and pH were determined using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted inorganic HNO3-NO3− and NH3-NH4+ gas-particle partitioning ratios with measured values. Our results showed that despite the high NH3 concentrations (study average 8.1 ± 5.2 ppb), PM1 were highly acidic with pH values ranging from 0.9 to 3.8, and a study-averaged pH of 2.2 ± 0.6. PM1 pH varied by approximately 1.4 units diurnally. Formic and acetic acids were the most abundant gas-phase organic acids, and oxalate was the most abundant particle-phase water-soluble organic acid anion. Measured particle-phase water-soluble organic acids were on average 6 % of the total non-refractory PM1 organic aerosol mass. The measured molar fraction of oxalic acid in the particle phase (i.e., particle-phase oxalic acid molar concentration divided by the total oxalic acid molar concentration) ranged between 47 and 90 % for PM1 pH 1.2 to 3.4. The measured oxalic acid gas-particle partitioning ratios were in good agreement with their corresponding thermodynamic predictions, calculated based on oxalic acid’s physicochemical properties, ambient temperature, particle water and pH. In contrast, gas-particle partitioning of formic and acetic acids were not well predicted for reasons currently unknown. For this study, higher NH3 concentrations relative to what has been measured in the region in previous studies had minor effects on PM1 organic acids and their influence on the overall organic aerosol and PM1 mass concentrations.

scholarly journals A water-soluble fluorescent chemosensor based on Asp functionalized naphthalimide for successive detection Fe3+ and H2PO4−

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Ming Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Peng Chen ◽  
Guo-Yan Liang ◽  
Kai-Peng Zhong ◽  
Hong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Selective Recognition ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Quenching Process

The selective recognition of target ions in water is very important and the development of novel water-soluble chemosensor is still an intriguing challenge. Herein, a novel water-soluble fluorescent sensor based on aspartic acid (Asp) functionalized 1,8-naphthalimide derivative (Asp-NI) has been designed and synthesized. The sensor Asp-NI could dissolve in water and successively detect Fe3+ and H2PO4− in water solution with high selectivity and sensitivity. The detection limits are 4.97 × 10−7 mol/L for Fe3+ and 5.27 × 10−6 mol/L for H2PO4−. Other coexistent competitive metal ions (Hg2+, Ag+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, and Mg2+) showed no interference in the Fe3+ detection process. The sensor Asp-NI could act as a Fe3+ and H2PO4− controlled “On–Off–On” fluorescent switch. More interestingly, the Fe3+ induced fluorescence quenching process could be totally reversed by the addition of H2PO4−, this “On–Off–On” switching process could be repeated several times with little fluorescence loss. Notably, the actual usage of sensor Asp-NI was further demonstrated by test kits.

Impurities in Commercial Saccharin. I. Impurities Soluble in Organic Solvents

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozidar Stavrić ◽  
Raymond Klassen ◽  
W Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chromatographic Column ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sodium Saccharin ◽  
Chemical Purity ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Sodium Form

Abstract Thirteen saccharin samples used for carcinogenicity tests in animals in various laboratories were analyzed for their chemical purity. Although most of the impurities were water-soluble, some were mainly soluble in organic solvents. These impurities were extracted with chloroform-methanol from a water solution of sodium saccharin. Samples obtained as acid-saccharin were converted to the sodium form before extraction. The major impurity in commercial saccharin, o-toluenesulfonamide, was also soluble in this system. Impurities were separated by gas-liquid chromatography of the underivatized, concentrated extract. Eleven major, well separated peaks were collected from the gas chromatographic column and identified by mass spectroscopy. Some of the peaks were compared with known standards. Qualitative and quantitative differences in impurities were observed among different saccharin samples. The identified impurities (in order of appearance from the gas-liquid chromatographic column) were as follows: o-toluenesulfonamide; p-toluenesufonamide; 1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide; 1,2-benzisothiazoline 1,1-dioxide; diphenylsulfone; o,o′-ditolylsulfone; o,m′-ditolylsulfone, o,p′-ditolylsulfone; m,p′-ditolylsulfone; p,p′-ditolylsulfone, and tetracosane.

The Influence of Chemical Additives on Strength of Wood-Cement Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 972 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Zaprudnov ◽  
Victor Sanaev ◽  
Sergei Karpachev ◽  
Dmitry Levushkin ◽  
Galina Gorbacheva
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Glass ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Optimal Consumption ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Green Wood ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Harmful Effects

The strength and strains of the wood-cement composite primarily depend on the main technоlogical factors such as the used type of binder and wood filler, the method of wood filler preparation, the method of molding, the conditions of hardening. The aim of this work is an experimental study of the chemical additives influence on wood filler to localize the harmful effects of water-soluble wood substances on the processes of hydration and hardening of cement. Using the additives, it is possible to achieve satisfactory strength parameters even on green wood. The maximum strength was obtained when complex chemical additives were applied. The most effective additives involved calcium chloride, liquid glass, aluminum sulfate, lime and ethanolamines. The optimal consumption and ratio of the complex additives components costs also depend on the degree of preliminary wood exposure.

Effect of Boron Nitride on the Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Cement Composite

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinyue He ◽  
Xun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Cement Concrete

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is well known for its unique properties, such as high thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical strength, high electrical insulating, and high chemical stability. This paper studies the effect of h-BN to the mechanical and electrochemical properties of cement concrete. Sodium cholate is used as an ionic surfactant to exfoliate h-BN and subsequently stabilize them in water solution. Different cement concrete samples with different doping levels of h-BN and different sizes of h-BN were prepared for comparisons. Also, steel fiber reinforced h-BN/cement concrete samples were also prepared. The results show that the addition of h-BN can improve the strength of cement composites, and the degree of reinforcement are influenced by the doping levels and feature size of h-BN. The corrosion resistance of h-BN/cement composites were also tested. Experiments results show that h-BN can enhance the corrosion resistance of cement composites.

An Experimental Study on the Performance of Drag-Reducing Polymers in Single- and Multiphase Horizontal Flow Using Particle Image Velocimetry

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab H. Alsurakji ◽  
A. Al-Sarkhi ◽  
M. Habib ◽  
Hassan M. Badr
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Flow Field Characteristics ◽  
Phase Water

This paper presents experimental investigations conducted to understand the influence of water-soluble drag-reducing polymers (DRPs) in single- and two-phase (stratified wavy) flow on flow-field characteristics. These experiments have been presented for water and air–water flowing in a horizontal polyvinyl chloride 22.5-mm ID, 8.33-m long pipe. The effects of liquid flow rates and DRP concentrations on streamlines and the instantaneous velocity were investigated by using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. A comparison of the PIV results was performed by comparing them with the computational results obtained by fluent software. One of the comparisons has been done between the PIV results, where a turbulent flow with DRP was examined, and the laminar–computational fluid dynamic (CFD) prediction. An agreement was found in the region near the pipe wall in some cases. The results showed the powerfulness of using the PIV techniques in understanding the mechanism of DRP in single- and two-phase flow especially at the regions near the pipe wall and near the phases interface. The results of this study indicate that an increase in DRP concentrations results in an increase in drag reduction up to 45% in single-phase water flow and up to 42% in air–water stratified flow.

scholarly journals The effect of lactic acid additive on the quality and chemical composition of meadow grass silage

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Jan Pyś ◽  
Wladislaw Migdal ◽  
Branislav Zivkovic ◽  
Olga Kosovac ◽  
Mihal Fabjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Dominant Grasses

In the experiment, forage from the 1st cut of meadow grasses mown at the heading stage of dominant grasses was ensiled. The control silages were made from fresh forage (dry matter 223.5 g?kg-1) and wilted forage (dry matter 351.9 g?kg-1). The experimental silages were made from fresh forages supplemented with a 5% water solution of lactic acid (0.5 and 0.7 l?100 kg-1 of forage) and 8% water solution of lactic acid (0.4 and 0.6 l?100 kg-1 of forage). The highest contents of crude protein, water-soluble carbohydrates and energy were found in silages supplemented with 5% lactic acid applied at 0.7 l?100 kg-1 of forage and in silages supplemented with 8% lactic acid applied at 0.6 l?100 kg-1 of forage. The above silage variants were also characterized by the lowest content of NH3-N in total-N, butyric acid and acetic acid, as well as the highest contents of lactic acid and the best indicators of fermentation quality. No important differences were found between silages made from wilted forage and silages made with lactic acid supplement.

scholarly journals The interphase distribution of light REE Ce(III) and La(III) in system based on PEG-1500 – NaNO3 – H2O with the quaternary ammonium base addition

2022 ◽  
Vol 1212 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
A V Levina ◽  
A Ya Fedorov ◽  
M I Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Base ◽  
Promising Alternative

Abstract The problem of e-waste processing and recovery of valuable metals from such waste for the second use is attracting more and more scientists’ attention. Liquid extraction as one of hydrometallurgy steps is a traditional method for the metal recovery. However, application of solvent extraction is not meet the green chemistry principles due to organic solvents. Aqueous two-phase systems based on water-soluble polymers are promising alternative for hazardous organic solvents. In this work the dependencies of Ce(III) and La(III) distribution coefficients from process time and the initial quaternary ammonium base concentration have been achieved. Also, based on the Ce(III) and La(III) extraction isotherms it has been shown that the metals initial concentrations are highly affects the distribution coefficients of studied metals. The possibility of aqueous two-phase system application as a solvent for quaternary ammonium salt for light REE (Ce(III) and La(III)) extraction from water solution has been shown.

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