Anionic Electrochemical Exfoliation of Few-Layer Graphene Nano-Sheets: An Emphasis on Characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 978 ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
Azmeera Srinivasanaik ◽  
Amlan Das ◽  
Archana Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Chemical Exfoliation ◽  
Electrochemical Approach ◽  
Probe Spectroscopy ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

Graphene, the most unique member of carbon family has fuelled a huge interest across the globe with its superior mechanical, chemical, optical and electronic properties. It has opened enormous avenues for humankind in terms of different applications. Since its discovery in 2004, people have tried various techniques to extract graphene, such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical exfoliation, epitaxial growth, CVD (chemical vapour deposition) etc. However, the above methods are not optimal for mass production, neither are they simple and cost effective. The present work highlights synthesis of graphene through electrochemical approach and its subsequent characterization. Pyrolytic graphite is subjected to intercalation of two different concentrations of HNO3 electrolyte. XRD, FESEM and TEM were utilised to understand the structure and morphology of the obtained few-layer graphene nanosheets (FLGNs). Scanning probe spectroscopy is a useful technique for understanding the morphological structure of a sample at atomic level. Authors have utilised AFM which shows the thickness of the FLGNs to be in the range of 5-6 nm. STM studies of graphene nanosheets revealed atomic scaled periodicity and atomic flatness.

Simple, Fast and Cost-Effective Electrochemical Synthesis of Few Layer Graphene Nanosheets

NANO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanta Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Archana Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Graphite Sheet ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Absorbance Peak ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

We report an efficient and green approach for mass production of few layered graphene nanosheets (FLGNSs) by intercalation and exfoliation of pyrolytic graphite sheet in a simple protic, H 2 SO 4 electrolyte. The as-prepared FLGNSs at the optimum intercalate concentration of 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 is able to produce large domain of lateral dimension of 11–26 μm consisting of 4–6 stacked graphene layers, as confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Surface oxygenation and a characteristic absorbance peak at 228 nm are well observed for electrochemical exfoliated FLGNSs from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectra respectively. (002) planes of the obtained graphene sheets have been confirmed from X-ray diffraction pattern. The characteristic Raman bands have been observed at 1354 cm-1 and 1590 cm-1 in the exfoliated FLGNSs.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Clean Edge Graphene Nanosheets Using Natural Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Somasekaran ◽  
Alwarsamy Thirunarayanaswamy ◽  
Ilamathi Palanivel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Smooth Edge ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

Graphene, a two-dimensional crystalline allotrope of carbon, has received greater attention from numerous researchers due to its excellent properties. Graphene could be produced by various techniques, each method has its advantages and disadvantages. In this research article, a novel method using agricultural waste rice husk as a precursor and chemical activation to produce few-layer graphene nanosheets was developed. Traditional approaches significant shortcomings and the environmental concern of agricultural waste have been eliminated. The synthesized material was characterized using FESEM, Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray diffractometer, UV-Vis absorbance and FTIR analysis. FESEM analysis of the surface morphology revealed smooth edge few-layer graphene. The formation of sp2 hybridized atoms can be seen in XRD spectra at 26.3 degrees. The C=C stretching bonds detected at 1612 cm-1 wavelength are responsible for the graphitic structure.

Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Few-Layer Graphene and Effect of Sonication Time on Concentration of Produced Few Layer Graphene

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Sajid Ali Shah ◽  
Habib Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Sonication Time ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Liquid Phase Exfoliation ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

Although graphene has been produced by various methods at lab scale, however, its cost effective mass production method is still a challenge. Graphene has been produced by liquid phase exfoliation, which is the most probable method for commercial production of graphene for various industrial applications.This paper reports high concentration production of few-layer graphene in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) as solvent through liquid phase exfoliation assisted with sonication. The temperature was kept below 30oC. SEM, AFM, and XRD were used to characterize the produced graphene. SEM results confirm the production of few-layer graphene. EDX analysis shows that the graphene surface is free from oxides and impurities. AFM results also confirm the production of few-layer graphene. The UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of the produced graphene, and the investigations demonstrate that the graphene production was increased by increasing the sonication time. There exist a linear relationship between the amount of produced graphene and sonication time for supplying energy during sonication.

Production of few-layer graphene through liquid-phase pulsed laser exfoliation of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite

2012 ◽  
Vol 258 (22) ◽  
pp. 9092-9095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Qian ◽  
Yun Shen Zhou ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Tao Feng ◽  
Zhuo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

CN foam loaded with few-layer graphene nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (14) ◽  
pp. 7591-7599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxing Zhu ◽  
Chunyan Xi ◽  
Yuanjun Liu ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Xiaoping Shen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Capacitive Performance ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

A CN–RGO composite with excellent capacitive performance was prepared through a facile and rapid two-step strategy.

scholarly journals Protein-assisted scalable mechanochemical exfoliation of few-layer biocompatible graphene nanosheets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak-George Thomas ◽  
Steven De-Alwis ◽  
Shalabh Gupta ◽  
Vitalij K. Pecharsky ◽  
Deyny Mendivelso-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Exfoliated Graphene ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

A facile method to produce few-layer graphene (FLG) nanosheets is developed using protein-assisted mechanical exfoliation. The predominant shear forces that are generated in a planetary ball mill facilitate the exfoliation of graphene layers from graphite flakes. The process employs a commonly known protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), which not only acts as an effective exfoliation agent but also provides stability by preventing restacking of the graphene layers. The latter is demonstrated by the excellent long-term dispersibility of exfoliated graphene in an aqueous BSA solution, which exemplifies a common biological medium. The development of such potentially scalable and toxin-free methods is critical for producing cost-effective biocompatible graphene, enabling numerous possible biomedical and biological applications. A methodical study was performed to identify the effect of time and varying concentrations of BSA towards graphene exfoliation. The fabricated product has been characterized using Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The BSA-FLG dispersion was then placed in media containing Astrocyte cells to check for cytotoxicity. It was found that lower concentrations of BSA-FLG dispersion had only minute cytotoxic effects on the Astrocyte cells.

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