Flow Erosion Resistance of Concrete - Interaction of High-Speed Water Jet and Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Lenka Bodnárová ◽  
Rudolf Hela ◽  
Libor Sitek ◽  
Petr Hlaváček ◽  
Josef Foldyna
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Polypropylene Fibres ◽  
Steel Fibres ◽  
Erosive Effect

In the paper, the resistance of concrete to the erosive effect of water from a water jet was monitored. The tests were performed on concrete without the addition of fibres and on concrete with the addition of polypropylene fibres and steel fibres. The water flow hit the concrete surface at an angle of 90°. The water flow rate was 1.1 l/min and the water pressure was 80 MPa. After blasting the concrete with water jet, no cracks in the concrete were observed and the intended rugged surface relief was created. Steel fibres remained firmly anchored into the cement matrix.

Experimental Characterization of a Modified Airlift Pump

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Goharzadeh ◽  
Keegan Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Airlift Pump ◽  
Flow Map ◽  
Churn Flow

This paper presents an experimental investigation on a modified airlift pump. Experiments were undertaken as a function of air-water flow rate for two submergence ratios (ε=0.58 and 0.74), and two different riser geometries (i) straight pipe with a constant inner diameter of 19 mm and (ii) enlarged pipe with a sudden expanded diameter of 19 to 32 mm. These transparent vertical pipes, of 1 m length, were submerged in a transparent rectangular tank (0.45×0.45×1.1 m3). The compressed air was injected into the vertical pipe to lift the water from the reservoir. The flow map regime is established for both configurations and compared with previous studies. The two phase air-water flow structure at the expansion region is experimentally characterized. Pipeline geometry is found to have a significant influence on the output water flow rate. Using high speed photography and electrical conductivity probes, new flow regimes, such as “slug to churn” and “annular to churn” flow, are observed and their influence on the output water flow rate and efficiency are discussed. These experimental results provide fundamental insights into the physics of modified airlift pump.

scholarly journals Water Discharge Management Based on Open and Closed Cylinders in the Gravitation Water Vortex Power Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hasan Basri ◽  
Ainun Nasuki
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Discharge Measurement ◽  
Closed Basin ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Discharge Management

A Gravitation Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) tool has been made to determine how much water flow is needed to generate electricity. This research was conducted by changing the flow rate and water pressure to determine the effect on the performance of a vortex power plant, and in previous studies, no one has made changes to the discharge and water pressure. The type of basin position used in this study is an open basin position and a closed basin position. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each type of blade used, a study was carried out using the type of turbine blade model L by changing the water flow rate and water pressure at a predetermined position to determine the effect of water discharge and pressure on the turbine rotational speed. From the results of testing the water discharge measurement in a closed basin which is carried out on the addition of each flow of water discharge at the angle of the faucet 0o to 90o with a volume (V) 98 L and time (t) 1.11 minutes to 2.5 minutes, it can be seen that the average discharge value (Q) the resulting 81.08 l / s. and from the results of testing the water discharge measurement in the open basin which is carried out to the addition of each flow of water discharge at the angle of the faucet 0o to 90o with a volume (V) 98 L and time (t) 1.28 minutes to 4.1 minutes it can be seen that the average discharge value (Q ) resulting in 65.21 l / s.

scholarly journals SMART WATER NETWORK MONITORING: A CASE STUDY AT UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

2022 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W3-2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
N. A. A. Abdul Aziz ◽  
T. A. Musa ◽  
I. A. Musliman ◽  
A. H. Omar ◽  
W. A. Wan Aris
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Cloud Computing Service ◽  
Water Measurement ◽  
Water Uses

Abstract. Water uses need to be measured, which is critical for evaluating water stress. The Industry 4.0 via the Internet of Things (IoT) and usage of water measurement sensor can provide real-time information on the water flow rate and water pressure, that is crucial for water monitoring and analysis. There is a need for online smart water monitoring that gives out more efficient and sustainable water uses at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) campus. A prototype of an online smart water monitoring for UTM, which was developed based on the integration of IoT and Geographical Information System (GIS), consist of four layers; (1) physical layer; (2) network layer; (3) processing layer and, (4) application layer. The findings show that when the water flow increases, the water pressure decreases. When there is no water flow, the lowest value is 52.214 Psi, and the highest value is 60.916 Psi. The latest technology integrating the IoT-GIS for smart water monitoring has shown a very efficient way of providing real-time water parameters information, cost and time effective, and allowing for continuous water consumption analysis via the cloud computing service.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Failure Mechanism of Tunnel Surrounding Rock under Different Groundwater Seepage Paths

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yingchao Wang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yongliang Li ◽  
Wen Jiang ◽  
Yueming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Tunnel Engineering ◽  
Measuring Point ◽  
Groundwater Seepage

The influence of groundwater on tunnel engineering is very complicated. Due to the complexity of water flow water pressure transfer and uncertain defects in the stratum, all of which are key factors with regard to the design of tunnel engineering. Therefore, the variation of surrounding rock during excavation and the deformation and failure of soft surrounding rock under different seepage paths of underground water after excavation systematically. Experimental results showed that the stress change of surrounding rock caused by tunnel excavation can be divided into 3 stages: stress redistribution, stress adjustment, and stress rebalancing. In the process of water pressure loading, water flow rate is closely related to the experimental phenomenon. The between stable loading water pressure pore water pressure of the tunnel surrounding rock and the distance from the measuring point to the edge of the tunnel obey the exponential function of the decreasing growth gradient. With the increase of loading pressure, the pore water pressure and stress at the top of the tunnel increase, and the coupling of stress field and seepage field on both sides of surrounding rock more and more intense. The failure process of the tunnel can be divided into 6 stages according to the damage degree. The final failure pattern of the surrounding rock of the tunnel is mainly determined by the disturbed area of excavation. The arched failure area and the collapse-through failure area are composed of three regions. The surrounding rock is characterized by a dynamic pressure arch in the process of seepage failure, but it is more prone to collapse failure at low water pressure. The results of this study are the progressive failure mechanism of tunnel under different groundwater seepage paths and would be of great significance to the prevention of long-range disasters.

scholarly journals Evolution Model of Seepage Characteristics in the Process of Water Inrush in Faults

Geofluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianli Shao ◽  
Fei Zhou ◽  
Wenbin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Inrush ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Initial Permeability ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Evolution Model ◽  
Particle Migration ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
Seepage Characteristics

Although the mechanism and influence of fault water inrush have been widely studied, there are still few studies on the migration of filling particles and the evolution process of seepage characteristics within faults. In this work, the coupling effects of water flow, particle migration, and permeability evolution are considered synthetically, and the evolution model of seepage characteristics with multifield coupling is established. This model was used to investigate the evolution process of water inrush within faults and the effects of water pressure, initial effective porosity, and initial permeability on water flow rate. The results show that the evolution of seepage characteristics can be divided into three phases: (i) low velocity seepage, (ii) drastic changes with substantial particle migration, and (iii) steady-state water flow. The multifield coupling causes the effective porosity, permeability, flow velocity, and particle concentration to accelerate each other during the dramatic phase. Moreover, the increases in initial water pressure, initial porosity, and initial permeability have different degrees of promotion on the water flow rate. Finally, the simulation results are approximately the same as the data of water inrush in the mining area, which verifies the correctness of the evolution model established in this work. This work provides new approaches to the evolution process and prevention of water inrush in faults.

Visualization of Oil Droplets Within ESP Impellers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Marcilli Perissinotto ◽  
William Monte Verde ◽  
Jorge Luiz Biazussi ◽  
Marcelo Souza de Castro ◽  
Antonio Carlos Bannwart
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pump ◽  
Velocity Changes

The objective of this research is to investigate the path of oil drops within an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) impeller, to evaluate its size and velocity as function of water flow rate and the ESP rotation speed. An experimental study was conducted at University of Campinas - Brazil with an ESP prototype designed to allow flow visualization within the impeller through a transparent shell. A high-speed camera with lighting set captures images of the oil droplets at a rate of 1000 frames per second. The set of data was performed at three rotational speeds — 600 rpm, 900 rpm and 1200 rpm — for three water flow rates — 80%, 100% and 120% of the best efficiency point (BEP). The results reveal that the oil drops become smaller when the rotational speed increases. The same behavior is noticed when the water flow rate increases. Generally, the oil droplets have spherical and elliptical shapes that change as function of their position inside the impeller channel. Furthermore, the drops have random trajectories, but a pattern can be detected in three cases: droplets near the pressure blade, droplets near the suction blade and droplets that move from the suction blade to the pressure blade. The average velocity of the oil droplets that move near the suction blade is significantly higher than the average velocity of the droplets that move near the pressure blade. Velocity changes as function of the impeller radius suggest different accelerations that may be caused by drag forces and pressure forces. The size of the oil drops has no significant influence on their velocities.

Experimental Analysis on the Velocity of Oil Drops in Oil–Water Two-Phase Flows in Electrical Submersible Pump Impellers

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Marcilli Perissinotto ◽  
William Monte Verde ◽  
Jorge Luiz Biazussi ◽  
Marcelo Souza de Castro ◽  
Antonio Carlos Bannwart
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Submersible Pump ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Water Dispersion ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pump

The objective of this research is to investigate the velocity of oil drops within the impeller of an electrical submersible pump (ESP) working with oil-in-water dispersion flows at different operational conditions. An experimental study was conducted using an ESP prototype with a transparent shell designed to enable flow visualization within the impeller channels. The tests were performed at three rotational speeds, 600, 900, and 1200 rpm, for three water flow rates, 80%, 100%, and 120% of the best efficiency point (BEP). A high-speed camera (HSC) with a lighting set captured images of the oil-in-water dispersion at 1000 frames per second. The images observation suggests the presence of a turbulent flow in the impeller. The turbulence, associated with high rotation Reynolds numbers, causes the oil drops to become smaller as the impeller rotational speed and the water flow rate increase. Despite this rotating environment, the oil drops generally have a spherical shape. Regarding the kinematics, the images processing reveals that the velocity of oil drops has a magnitude around a unit of m/s. The velocity depends on the oil drop position in the channel: oil drops that stay close to a suction blade (SB) have significantly higher velocities than oil drops that stay close to a pressure blade (PB). Considering a complex flow with water velocity profiles and pressure gradients, the analysis of oil velocity curves indicates the occurrence of accelerations that may be caused by drag and pressure forces acting on the oil drops.

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