Influence of Oxidation Temperature on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Shinji Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Oxidation Temperature ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Oxidation Condition ◽  
Maximum Value

Surface oxidation of pure titanium was performed in the atmosphere to increase the mechanical properties. The effect of oxidation temperature (650-900°C) for 2 h on the microstructure, composition, and mechanical properties of the treated samples was investigated using X-ray diffraction, hardness tester and indentation modulus tester, respectively. The diffusion rate of oxygen in grade-2 pure Ti with different processing temperatures discussed in present research. Based on a result of the examination, the surface hardness was increased first and then decreased as the processing temperature increased. And when the processing temperature at 850°C, the surface hardness reached the maximum value. In addition, the Young's modulus of the treated samples also showed a maximum value of 198.9 GPa for a processing temperature of 850°C. An oxidation condition of 850°C is considered optimal as it provides sufficiently high hardness during practical use.

Influence of Nitriding Temperature on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Titanium

2021 ◽  
Vol 1034 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Shinji Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Nitriding Temperature ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Comprehensive Properties ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Hardening Treatment

One of the commonly used methods for the surface hardening treatment of pure titanium was nitriding. Based on the study of nitriding temperatures on the properties of the pure titanium, some conclusions can be drawn in this paper. The surface hardness of samples after nitriding was gradually increased firstly and then decreased with the processing temperature increasing. And the hardness of the diffusion layer reached the maximum value of 1792 HV when the processing temperature at 1050°C. At the same temperature, the indentation modulus also reached the maximum value of 270 GPa. The wear depth reached the minimum value at 1050°C. At different nitriding temperatures, the minimum of wear depth was 14.8 μm. In summary, when the processing temperature at 1050°C, the nitriding of pure titanium can improve the comprehensive properties.

scholarly journals Influence of Oxidation Processing Temperature on the Structure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Titanium Using Carbon Sheets

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Shinji Koyama ◽  
Shinichi Nishida ◽  
Lihua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Carbon Sheet ◽  
Worn Surface

Surface processing of pure titanium was performed using a carbon sheet to increase the surface hardness and improve tribological property. The effect of processing temperature (750–950 °C) for 2 h on the structure, mechanical and room-temperature tribological properties of the treated samples was investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and ball-on-disk tribometry, respectively. The Gibbs free energy was also calculated to evaluate the compounds generated at different processing temperatures. As a result of the examination, the hardened layer was mainly composed of titanium oxide and titanium carbide. With the increasing processing temperatures, the thickness of the hardened layer increased first and then decreased gradually. It was also revealed that the surface hardness was increased first and then decreased as the processing temperature increased. The fricative value of the treated samples showed a minimum value of 84.1 dB for a processing temperature of 850 °C. The depth and width of the wear tracks increased first and then decreased gradually with the increasing processing temperatures. The worn surface of the treated samples at higher temperatures showed a very good wear resistance. A processing temperature at 850 °C is considered optimal as it provides sufficiently high hardness and a low coefficient of friction to reduce fricative during practical use.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on interfacial evolution and mechanical properties of pure titanium and carbon steel sheets bonded via new multi-pass continuous hot-roll diffusion with nickel interlayer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ming Jimmy Lin ◽  
Mohsen Saboktakin Rizi ◽  
Chia-Kai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Treatment ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
New Type ◽  
Interfacial Evolution

Abstract This study performed experiments and thermodynamic calculations to elucidate the effects of diffusion temperature on interfacial evolution and mechanical properties of pure titanium and carbon steel (i.e., steel) sheets bonded via a new type of multi-pass continuous hot-roll diffusion with nickel interlayer. The interfacial evolution results revealed that this new type of multi-pass continuous hot-roll diffusion treatment showed a very good adherence due to its metallurgy bonding, because it made a remarked improve to between compound and intermetallic compounds relationship. Secondly, in mechanical properties results revealed that the highest shear strength (∼470 MPa) was obtained at a processing temperature of 850°C. The highest peel strength (∼21 N/mm) was obtained in the sample processed at 900°C. Bonding temperatures above and below these levels reduced the bond strength respectively due to poor atom diffusion and excessive compound formation, resulting in joint failure at the Ti-Ni interface. Extensive cleavage planes with various alignments were observed on the fracture surfaces in these cases. Overall, a hot-rolling temperature of 850°C was found to provide the optimal tradeoff between interfacial bonding strength and ductility. This work provided an economical and convenient solution for broadening the engineering application of interface between sheets of pure titanium and steel.

scholarly journals Study on the Influence of the Grind Percentage Over the Surface Hardness and Modulus of Elasticity of Parts Made of ABS, P6.6 and POM through Nanoindentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Radu Emil Maries ◽  
Constantin Bungau ◽  
Dan Chira ◽  
Traian Costea ◽  
Danut-Eugeniu Mosteanu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
New Material ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This paper analyzes the indentation hardness and the indentation elastic modulus variation depending on the variation of the grind percentage of polymer, when the other factors that can influence the injection molding remain unchanged. The analyzed polymers were: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ABS MAGNUM 3453, polyamide PA 6.6 TECHNYL AR218V30 Blak and polyoxymethylene POM EUROTAL C9 NAT. The samples that were studied had different compositions in new and grinding material. The G-Series Basic Hardness Modulus at a Depth method was used. The increase of the grind percentage of ABS (from 0 to 100 %) leads to insignificant changes in the indentation hardness, indentation modulus, and maximum force applied to samples of tested material. The maximum hardness (0.137 GPa) of PA 6.6 is recorded in the case of the sample with 80% grind content, and the maximum hardness of POM is recorded as well in the case of the sample with 80% grind content, as being 0.215 GPa. The variation of the grind content in the analyzed samples determines changes in the evaluated parameters, depending on the type of polymer. Combining the new material with grind in proportions experimentally established for each techno polymer leads to changes in their mechanical properties.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cr-Al-B-N Coatings Prepared by Reactive D.C. and R.F. Co-Sputtering

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masateru Nose ◽  
Tokimasa Kawabata ◽  
Shouhei Ueda ◽  
Kaname Fujii ◽  
Kenji Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Phase Ratio ◽  
Nanocomposite Structure ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Hardness

The current study was undertaken to investigate the synthesis of CrAlN/BN composite coatings having super high hardness by a reactive co-sputtering using CrAl alloy and BN targets and gaseous mixture of Ar+N2, in order to eliminate the possible formation of boride bonding. CrAlN or BN phase was deposited by pulsed d.c.- and r.f.- sputtering, respectively. Plastic hardness, Hpl, and Young’s modulus, E*, of the coatings increased with BN phase ratio, reaching a maximum value of ~46 GPa and 390 GPa at ~8 vol. % of BN phase; and then decreased to ~20GPa and ~300GPa at ~18 vol.%, respectively. Only B1 structured Cr(Al)N phase was found in XRD and SAED analysis. XPS and TEM/HRTEM results revealed that the CrAlN/8vol%BN coating consists mostly of CrAlN and BN phase, which exists as an amorphous like phase among the CrAlN grains. The CrAlN/8vol%BN coating has a kind of nanocomposite structure and the super high hardness over 40 GPa is probably due to this structure.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Frictional Wear Characteristic of Pure Titanium Treated by Atmospheric Oxidation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3196
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Shinji Koyama ◽  
Shinichi Nishida ◽  
Lihua Yu
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Oxidation ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Scratch Testing

Pure titanium was treated by atmospheric oxidation, and the effect of the treatment temperature on its performance was studied. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, wear testing, and scratch testing were used to evaluate the performance of the treated specimens. In order to evaluate the difficulty of compound formation during the different processing temperatures, Gibbs free energy was calculated. The experimental results show that the surface hardness of the sample can be improved at a certain oxidation treatment temperature. When the processing temperature is 850 °C, the surface hardness reaches the maximum value. The results of the scratch testing show that the hardened layer produced at this processing temperature has excellent peeling resistance. In addition, the wear depth and wear width are also at their minimum values at this processing temperature. Since the specimen treated at a processing temperature of 850 °C provides sufficiently high surface hardness and wear resistance in this research report, it is considered to be the optimal condition during practical application.

scholarly journals Growth Kinetics and Some Mechanical Properties of Plasma Paste Borided Layers Produced on Nimonic 80A-Alloy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5146
Author(s):  
Natalia Makuch ◽  
Piotr Dziarski ◽  
Michał Kulka ◽  
Mourad Keddam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Nimonic 80A ◽  
Boron Source ◽  
Plasma Paste Boriding

Plasma paste boriding was employed in order to produce the boride layers on Nimonic 80A-alloy. The process was carried out at temperatures of 1023 K, 1073 K and 1123 K for 3, 4 and 6 h in a gas mixture of 50% H2-50% Ar. Borax paste was used as a boron source. The microstructure of the produced surface layers consisted of the mixture of nickel borides and chromium borides. The effect of processing temperature and duration on the thickness of the borided layers was observed. The theoretical thicknesses of the borided layers were estimated using an integral diffusion model. A good correlation was obtained between the theoretical (modeled) and experimental depths of the plasma paste borided layers. The boride layers were characterized by a high hardness ranging from 1160 HV to 2132 HV. The multiphase character of the produced layers resulted in differences in hardness. A significant improvement of the wear resistance of the plasma paste borided Nimonic 80A-alloy was observed in comparison with the non-borided alloy.

Effect of silver nitrate on some mechanical properties of heat polymerizing acrylic resins

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Assiss. Prof. Dr. Sabiha Mahdi Mahdi ◽  
Dr. Firas Abd K. Abd K.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
The Difference

Aim: The aimed study was to evaluate the influence of silver nitrate on surfacehardness and tensile strength of acrylic resins.Materials and methods: A total of 60 specimens were made from heat polymerizingresins. Two mechanical tests were utilized (surface hardness and tensile strength)and 4 experimental groups according to the concentration of silver nitrate used.The specimens without the use of silver nitrate were considered as control. Fortensile strength, all specimens were subjected to force till fracture. For surfacehardness, the specimens were tested via a durometer hardness tester. Allspecimens data were analyzed via ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results: The addition of silver nitrate to acrylic resins reduced significantly thetensile strength. Statistically, highly significant differences were found among allgroups (P≤0.001). Also, the difference between control and experimental groupswas highly significant (P≤0.001). For surface hardness, the silver nitrate improvedthe surface hardness of acrylics. Highly significant differences were statisticallyobserved between control and 900 ppm group (P≤0.001); and among all groups(P≤0.001)with exception that no significant differences between control and150ppm; and between 150ppm and 900ppm groups(P>0.05).Conclusion: The addition of silver nitrate to acrylics reduced significantly the tensilestrength and improved slightly the surface hardness.

Severe plastic deformation of Al-1%Cu Alloy processed by a Simple Cyclic Extrusion Compression technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Walaa Abdelaziem ◽  
Atef Hamada ◽  
Mohsen A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Cyclic Extrusion Compression

Severe plastic deformation is an effective method for improving the mechanical properties of metallic alloys through promoting the grain structure. In the present work, simple cyclic extrusion compression technique (SCEC) has been developed for producing a fine structure of cast Al-1 wt. % Cu alloy and consequently enhancing the mechanical properties of the studied alloy. It was found that the grain structure was significantly reduced from 1500 µm to 100 µm after two passes of cyclic extrusion. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure of the as-cast alloy were 110 MPa and 12 %, respectively. However, the corresponding mechanical properties of the two pass CEC deformed alloy are 275 MPa and 35%, respectively. These findings ensure that a significant improvement in the grain structure has been achieved. Also, cyclic extrusion deformation increased the surface hardness of the alloy by 49 % after two passes. FE-simulation model was adopted to simulate the deformation behavior of the material during the cyclic extrusion process using DEFORMTM-3D Ver11.0. The FE-results revealed that SCEC technique was able to impose severe plastic strains with the number of passes. The model was able to predict the damage, punch load, back pressure, and deformation behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document