Groundtmthing Multibeam Bathymetric Surveys of Finfish Aquaculture Sites in the Bay d’Espoir Estuarine Fjord, Newfoundland

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Tlusty ◽  
John E. Hughes Clark ◽  
John Shaw ◽  
Vem A. Pepper ◽  
M. Robin Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Sonar Images ◽  
Scale Characterization ◽  
Finfish Aquaculture

Current and potential salmonid aquaculture sites in the Bay d’Espoir estuarine fjord on the south coast of Newfoundland were surveyed using multibeam SWATH sonar. In 1997, shallow sites were surveyed using the CSS Puffin EM3000POS/MV system, and deeper sites were surveyed in 1998 using the CCGS Creed hull mounted EM 1000. Sediment cores from representative areas were collected during this period and analyzed for organic matter content, and pore water ammonium and sulfate. We discuss the correlation between the sediment core profiles and the results of the side scan and sun-illuminated bathymetric imagery. Bay d’Espoir is a natural depositional area, and that, coupled with the unique backscatter properties of fish farm wastes, increases the difficulty of interpreting these multibeam sonar images. A fairly accurate broad scale characterization of sediment quality can be made from high-resolution images. However’, much of the fine scale detail and inherent variation of sediment characteristics associated with impacts from aquaculture cannot be determined from multibeam imagery.

scholarly journals STATISTICAL MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS APPLIED TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL IN SEMIARID REGION1

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
Antônio Italcy de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Luiz Alberto Ribeiro Mendonça ◽  
Sávio de Brito Fontenele ◽  
Adriana Oliveira Araújo ◽  
Maria Gorethe de Sousa Lima Brito
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Environmental Characterization ◽  
Hierarchical Grouping ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Total Data

ABSTRACT Soil is a dynamic and complex system that requires a considerable number of samples for analysis and research purposes. Using multivariate statistical methods, favorable conditions can be created by analyzing the samples, i.e., structural reduction and simplification of the data. The objective of this study was to use multivariate statistical analysis, including factorial analysis (FA) and hierarchical groupings, for the environmental characterization of soils in semiarid regions, considering anthropic (land use and occupation) and topographic aspects (altitude, moisture, granulometry, PR, and organic-matter content). As a case study, the São José Hydrographic Microbasin, which is located in the Cariri region of Ceará, was considered. An FA was performed using the principal component method, with normalized varimax rotation. In hierarchical grouping analysis, the “farthest neighbor” method was used as the hierarchical criterion for grouping, with the measure of dissimilarity given by the “square Euclidean distance.” The FA indicated that two factors explain 75.76% of the total data variance. In the analysis of hierarchical groupings, the samples were agglomerated in three groups with similar characteristics: one with samples collected in an area of the preserved forest and two with samples collected in areas with more anthropized soils. This indicates that the statistical tool used showed sensitivity to distinguish the most conserved soils and soils with different levels of anthropization.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Primary Sludge from Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents and Final Disposition

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Xavier Alberico Freitas ◽  
Lara Aguiar Borges ◽  
Handray Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Fernando Colen ◽  
Alex Sander Rodrigues Cangussu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Final Disposition

The generation of large volumes of waste by industrial processes has become an object of study because of the necessity to characterize the composition of residues in order to suggest appropriate treatments and to minimize adverse environmental impacts. We performed analyses of total fixed and volatile solids, moisture, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). We found high organic matter content. We also measured physicochemical characteristics, including corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. Sewage sludge showed levels of chloride and sodium above the maximum allowed limits. These data suggest the potential for anaerobic digestion as a treatment option for sewage sludge and for its use as a biofertilizer.

Trace metals in fine grained sediments of the Kaštela Bay, adriatic sea

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bogner ◽  
M. Juracic ◽  
N. Odžak ◽  
A. Baric
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cu And Zn

The aim of the present work was to study the past and present contamination of the Kaštela bay using chemical analysis of selected trace metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn and Ni) in fine grained sediment cores. Sediment samples were taken at three locations with silty sediments. The highest concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn and the lowest concentration of Ni were found in the east, the most contaminated part of the Bay. The decrease of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations with increased depth, indicates their anthropogenic origin. Homogeneous distribution of Cr, Mn and Ni in the sediment cores indicates their terrigenous origin. The correlation of Zn, Cu and Ni concentration with the organic matter content was determined.

scholarly journals Detoxification Assays of Tunisian Tannery Wastewater under Nonsterile Conditions Using the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouia Boujelben ◽  
Mariem Ellouze ◽  
Sami Sayadi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Mineral Pollution

The ability of Aspergillus niger strain to reduce organic and mineral pollution as well as the toxicity of two tannery wastewaters, the unhairing effluent (UE) and the final effluent (FE), taken from a local Tunisian tannery and under nonsterile conditions, was studied. Raw effluents show alkaline pH ≥11; thus experiments were carried out at initial pH values and at pH adjusted to 6. Characterization of effluents also revealed high salt levels (EC > 17 mS/cm) and high organic matter content (25 g/L for the UE and 7.2 g/L for the FE) but a low biodegradability since BOD5 did not exceed 2.5 and 1.25 g/L for the UE and the FE, respectively. The results of the biological treatment showed that A. niger was able not only to grow at high pH and salinity values, but also to reduce organic and mineral pollutant load. After treatment, the COD reduction for the UE reached 90% and 70% at pH=6 and at initial pH (12.13), respectively. For the FE, the decrease of COD values reached 75% at pH=6 and 64% at initial pH (11.64). Monitoring of mineral pollution levels showed a reduction in chromium (Cr) concentrations reaching 70% for the FE. This was reflected by an increase of the biomass of A. niger from 9.25 g/L (control) to 9.84 g/L for the FE. To confirm the efficiency of the biological treatment using A. niger, phytotoxicity (tomato seeds) and microtoxicity (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) tests were carried out. Results of this monitoring showed an important decrease in the toxicity levels for both effluents.

Geostatistical methods for estimation of toxicity of marine bottom sediments based on the Gdańsk Basin area

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Witt ◽  
Marta Kobusińska ◽  
Joanna Maciak ◽  
Elżbieta Niemirycz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Geostatistical Methods

AbstractToxicity assessment of environmental compartments, in particular sediments as a highly complex matrix, provides a more direct way to assess potential adverse effects of pollutants present in a sample in contrast to chemical analysis estimating only a quantitative level of xenobiotics. Interactions between chemicals, formations of derivatives and the influence of chemical properties of sediments such as the organic matter content causing the intensified sorption of hydrophobic pollutants suggest that a traditional approach to the sediment quality, based only on chemical analysis may be insufficient. The presented study describes the vertical and horizontal variability of toxicity of Gdańsk Basin sediments. Based on 128 surface sediments samples and using geostatistical methods, a prediction map for the EC50 parameter was created. This allowed the evaluation of the toxicity of the surface sediment layer at any selected point of the study area. The applied analysis can be functional for many other locations worldwide. In the present study, the hypothesis about the location of toxic sediments in the vicinity of Gdańsk Deep, outer Puck Bay and close to Vistula River mouth was further confirmed.

scholarly journals Methane and sulfate dynamics in sediments from mangrove-dominated tropical coastal lagoons, Yucatán, Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2981-3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Chuan Chuang ◽  
Megan B. Young ◽  
Andrew W. Dale ◽  
Laurence G. Miller ◽  
Jorge A. Herrera-Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Reduction Zone ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Transport Reaction ◽  
Dissolved Methane

Abstract. Porewater profiles in sediment cores from mangrove-dominated coastal lagoons (Celestún and Chelem) on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, reveal the widespread coexistence of dissolved methane and sulfate. This observation is interesting since dissolved methane in porewaters is typically oxidized anaerobically by sulfate. To explain the observations we used a numerical transport-reaction model that was constrained by the field observations. The model suggests that methane in the upper sediments is produced in the sulfate reduction zone at rates ranging between 0.012 and 31 mmol m−2 d−1, concurrent with sulfate reduction rates between 1.1 and 24 mmol SO42− m−2 d−1. These processes are supported by high organic matter content in the sediment and the use of non-competitive substrates by methanogenic microorganisms. Indeed sediment slurry incubation experiments show that non-competitive substrates such as trimethylamine (TMA) and methanol can be utilized for microbial methanogenesis at the study sites. The model also indicates that a significant fraction of methane is transported to the sulfate reduction zone from deeper zones within the sedimentary column by rising bubbles and gas dissolution. The shallow depths of methane production and the fast rising methane gas bubbles reduce the likelihood for oxidation, thereby allowing a large fraction of the methane formed in the sediments to escape to the overlying water column.

scholarly journals Initial limnological observations at five small lakes in southern Pacific Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally P. Horn ◽  
Erik N. Johanson ◽  
Kurt A. Haberyan ◽  
Mathew S. Boehm ◽  
Jessie L. Johanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Lake Formation

Costa Rica has hundreds of lakes, many of which have never been described or sampled by limnologists. Here we summarize initial observations of five small (0.2–1.7ha) lakes located at low elevation (365–490m) in the cantón of Buenos Aries. We collected basic limnological data and samples during visits in 2013 and 2014, and compiled environmental and archaeological data for their surroundings as a contribution to the documentation of lake diversity in Costa Rica, and to support parallel investigations of indicators of environmental history preserved in the sediments of the lakes. Lagunas Carse, Los Mangos, Danta, and Ojo de Agua all appear to owe their origin to landslide events, while Laguna Junquillo is an artificial impoundment. Radiocarbon dates on plant macrofossils near the bases of sediment cores from three of the natural lakes provide minimum ages for lake formation; results indicate that Laguna Los Mangos formed over 4 100 years ago, while Laguna Danta formed prior to 1 320 CE and Laguna Carse formed ca. 1 550 CE, near the time of the Spanish Conquest. More than two dozen archaeological sites are located within 1–3Km of the natural lakes, documenting pre-Columbian human occupation and likely use of lake resources. Lake water temperatures and water chemistry were in keeping with observations at lakes throughout Costa Rica. All five lakes are probably polymictic lakes that turn over frequently; none evinced stratification. The surface lake sediments showed similar organic matter content (22,1–28,8%), with values falling near the middle of the range of lakes previously sampled in Costa Rica. Phytoplankton samples included taxa previously reported from small lowland lakes, but differed between lakes and included dominant taxa that were subdominant or uncommon at other lakes surveyed. Our investigation adds to knowledge of lake characteristics and diversity in Costa Rica, and provides benchmarks for assessing future changes in these lakes and their watersheds resulting from human activity, natural disturbances, and regional and global climate change.

scholarly journals HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SEDIMENT CORES FROM DIFFERENT MANGROVE FORESTS IN DA LOC COMMUNE, HAU LOC DISTRICT, THANH HOA PROVINCE, VIETNAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Tran Thi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations

In order to clarify heavy metal concentration profiles in different mangrove forest ages, four sediment cores (up to 100 cm in depth) were collected and tested for their physicochemical characteristics (pH, Eh, organic matters and grain size) and heavy metal concentrations. Results showed that mangrove sediments were composed mainly of sandy silt, silty sand, silt, sandy mud and mud. The average mud content in the sediment cores continuously increased with mangrove forest ages from one, nine, nineteen and twenty years old, whereas the mud content highly fluctuated with the core depth. pH, Eh and organic matter content implied that the sedimentary depositional environments were classified as weak alkaline and anaerobic. The Cu and Zn concentrations in the sediment cores from the intertidal zone exceeded the TEL values in Canadian Interim Marine Sediment Quality Guideline (ISQGs) values, while, Pb concentration exceeded the PEL level. When compared with National Technical Regulation on Sediment Quality QCVN43:2012/BTNMT, sediment samples were polluted by Cu and Pb.

scholarly journals Short Communication: The diversity of epipelic diatoms as an indicator of shrimp pond environmental quality in Lampung Province, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1220-1226
Author(s):  
SUPONO SUPONO ◽  
SITI HUDAIDAH
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Shrimp Ponds ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Epipelic Diatoms

Supono, Hudaidah S. 2018. Short Communication: The diversity of epipelic diatoms as an indicator of shrimp pondenvironmental quality in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1220-1226. Epipelic diatoms live by attaching to sediment.Their existence is strongly affected by water and sediment quality. The purpose of this research was to analyze the structure ofepipelic diatom populations on the bottom of shrimp ponds and to determine the correlation between epipelic diatom diversityand the quality of water and of pond bottom sediment. This exploratory research was conducted on twelve shrimp ponds during thewater preparation period (pre-stocking). Data were collected to analyze the correlation between water and sediment qualities. The resultsshowed that Nitzschia and Pleurosigma were the dominant epipelic diatoms in the shrimp ponds. Epipelic diatom diversity in shrimpponds was affected by water quality parameters (namely total alkalinity, organic matter and nitrate) as well as sediment qualityparameters (namely cation exchange capacity, clay content and organic matter content).

Effects of wave disturbance and substrate slope on sediment characteristics in the littoral zone of small lakes

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Fine Sediments

Sediment characteristics in the littoral zone of lakes affect the distribution, biomass, and productivity of benthic organisms and affect chemical exchanges with the water column, yet we know very little about their distribution. I tested whether sediment water and organic matter content were related to site exposure and to basin morphology by comparing sediments along 12 transects in three small lakes (area <150 ha). The distribution of sediment water content in small lakes differed from the general patterns described for large lakes and ocean. Sediment water content was generally high in shallow waters (<2-5 m), decreased sharply to 30-50% within 20 m from shore, and increased again in the deeper portion of the littoral zone. Fine sediments were retained in the shallow littoral zone (<1.5 m) at sites with mean fetch <150 m. The maximum depth at which sediments were mixed increased with increasing depth of the wave-mixed layer and with increasing slope of the substrate. The organic matter content (OM) of littoral sediments was closely related to their water content (WC) (log(OM) = -4.7 + 3.0 log(WC), r2 = 0.77, P < 0.001), and sediment organic content was very similar in the upper and lower portions of the littoral zone.

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