scholarly journals STATISTICAL MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS APPLIED TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL IN SEMIARID REGION1

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
Antônio Italcy de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Luiz Alberto Ribeiro Mendonça ◽  
Sávio de Brito Fontenele ◽  
Adriana Oliveira Araújo ◽  
Maria Gorethe de Sousa Lima Brito
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Environmental Characterization ◽  
Hierarchical Grouping ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Total Data

ABSTRACT Soil is a dynamic and complex system that requires a considerable number of samples for analysis and research purposes. Using multivariate statistical methods, favorable conditions can be created by analyzing the samples, i.e., structural reduction and simplification of the data. The objective of this study was to use multivariate statistical analysis, including factorial analysis (FA) and hierarchical groupings, for the environmental characterization of soils in semiarid regions, considering anthropic (land use and occupation) and topographic aspects (altitude, moisture, granulometry, PR, and organic-matter content). As a case study, the São José Hydrographic Microbasin, which is located in the Cariri region of Ceará, was considered. An FA was performed using the principal component method, with normalized varimax rotation. In hierarchical grouping analysis, the “farthest neighbor” method was used as the hierarchical criterion for grouping, with the measure of dissimilarity given by the “square Euclidean distance.” The FA indicated that two factors explain 75.76% of the total data variance. In the analysis of hierarchical groupings, the samples were agglomerated in three groups with similar characteristics: one with samples collected in an area of the preserved forest and two with samples collected in areas with more anthropized soils. This indicates that the statistical tool used showed sensitivity to distinguish the most conserved soils and soils with different levels of anthropization.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Primary Sludge from Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents and Final Disposition

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Xavier Alberico Freitas ◽  
Lara Aguiar Borges ◽  
Handray Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Fernando Colen ◽  
Alex Sander Rodrigues Cangussu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Final Disposition

The generation of large volumes of waste by industrial processes has become an object of study because of the necessity to characterize the composition of residues in order to suggest appropriate treatments and to minimize adverse environmental impacts. We performed analyses of total fixed and volatile solids, moisture, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). We found high organic matter content. We also measured physicochemical characteristics, including corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. Sewage sludge showed levels of chloride and sodium above the maximum allowed limits. These data suggest the potential for anaerobic digestion as a treatment option for sewage sludge and for its use as a biofertilizer.

scholarly journals Classification of Wines from Five Spanish Origin Denominations by Aromatic Compound Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1916-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Sáenz ◽  
Trinidad Cedráenzn ◽  
Susana Cabredo
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Ethyl Hexanoate ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Diethyl Succinate ◽  
Ethyl Octanoate

Abstract Wine is a complex matrix in which aroma compounds play an important role in the characterization of the flavor pattern of a given wine. Twelve volatile compounds were determined in 244 samples of Spanish red wines from different denominations of origin: Rioja, Navarra, Valdepeas, La Mancha, and Cariena. The samples were analyzed by GC using headspace solid-phase microextraction. The concentration (mg/mL) intervals obtained were 3-methyl-butyl acetate (3.9 to 116), 3-methyl-1-butanol (93 to 724), ethyl hexanoate (0.8 to 39), 1-hexanol (0.3 to 6.7), ethyl octanoate (1.4 to 41), diethyl succinate (0.2 to 13), 2-phenyl ethyl acetate (0 to 5.3), hexanoic acid (0 to 8.3), geraniol (0 to 3.0), 2-phenylethanol (1.5 to 56), octanoic acid (0 to 20), and decanoic acid (0 to 3.3). Wines were classified by multivariate statistical methods: principal component analysis, and lineal discriminant analysis. A correct differentiation among wines according to their origin was obtained by lineal discriminant analysis.

Evaluation of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Hybrids Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Helia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (63) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Natalija Markova Ruzdik ◽  
Ilija Karov ◽  
Sasa Mitrev ◽  
Biljana Gjorgjieva ◽  
Biljana Kovacevik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Main Components

AbstractEvaluation and characterization of sunflower hybrids using morphological, physiological and biochemical data are necessary and essential in sunflower breeding programs. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the productive possibilities of some sunflower hybrids grown in Macedonian environmental conditions. The experiment was carried out during the period 2013 and 2014 on the research field of the Faculty of Agriculture, “Goce Delchev” University – Shtip, in Ovche Pole locality, Republic of Macedonia. Total 20 sunflower hybrids were used as an experimental material. The trial was arranged as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The average content of oil and oleic acid were 45.6 and 65.2%, respectively. The highest seed yield from all sunflower hybrids was obtained for the hybrid NLK12M144 (3,344 kg ha–1) and the lowest for hybrid NLK12S126 (2,244 kg ha–1). Cluster analysis classified the sunflower hybrids into four groups based on agronomic traits and seed yield. Most of the hybrids were included in cluster I and III (7 hybrids) followed by cluster IV. Using principal component analysis two main components have been extracted, with eigenvalue greater than one. They account for 72.99% of the variability in the original data. Only four hybrids had positive values for both main components (NLK12M144, NLK12S070, NLK12S125 and NLN12N011 DMR). The results from this study can be used to identify the best sunflower hybrids grown under Macedonian environmental conditions and to select the superior hybrids for future exploitation.

scholarly journals Parameter Selection for the Evaluation of Compost Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
Haydee Peña ◽  
Heysa Mendoza ◽  
Fernando Diánez ◽  
Mila Santos
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Soil Restoration

This work studies variables measured from the first phase of composting through the acquisition of the final product, with the goal of identifying those that are more strongly related to quality and are most useful for developing an index. The necessity to establish quality control procedures thus exists for the classification of raw materials in the same way as for the finished products. To accomplish this, three mixtures were prepared, with the goal of achieving a C/N ratio of 30 and a moisture content of 60%. The primary component of each mixture was: fruit processing waste (C1), sewage sludge from the food industry (C2), and the manufacturing waste of fried foods (C3). Temperatures were measured over 107 days, with the corresponding data fit to a logistical model where T °C ~ α / ((1 + exp (− (Time − β) / − γ))) + δ, with interaction compost * time being statistically significant (p < 0.001). This allowed for the temperatures, in keeping with health concerns, to be confirmed. Likewise, a linear regression analysis demonstrated the decomposition of organic matter at 0.82%/week. Statistically, the parameters, measured during the process, with the least variability were selected, which differed in the average contrasts: germination index (cucumber), electrical conductivity, and average moisture. A principal component analysis (PCA) and Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed the best Germination Index (GI) values for C1, due to lower electrical conductivity (EC) and bulk density (Bd) along with higher organic matter content (TOM). For its part, C2 induced a higher Relative emergence (RE) of the cucumber thanks to its higher content of total nitrogen (TN) and lower contribution of Cu, Zn and K. C3 showed a higher presence of salts, less favorable physical characteristics (>Bd and <TPS, total pore space) and higher content of Zn and Cu. Composting carried out with appropriate mixtures can offer high-quality products for use as fertiliser, in soil restoration, and as an alternative substrate to peat and virgin mountain soil.

Groundtmthing Multibeam Bathymetric Surveys of Finfish Aquaculture Sites in the Bay d’Espoir Estuarine Fjord, Newfoundland

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Tlusty ◽  
John E. Hughes Clark ◽  
John Shaw ◽  
Vem A. Pepper ◽  
M. Robin Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Sonar Images ◽  
Scale Characterization ◽  
Finfish Aquaculture

Current and potential salmonid aquaculture sites in the Bay d’Espoir estuarine fjord on the south coast of Newfoundland were surveyed using multibeam SWATH sonar. In 1997, shallow sites were surveyed using the CSS Puffin EM3000POS/MV system, and deeper sites were surveyed in 1998 using the CCGS Creed hull mounted EM 1000. Sediment cores from representative areas were collected during this period and analyzed for organic matter content, and pore water ammonium and sulfate. We discuss the correlation between the sediment core profiles and the results of the side scan and sun-illuminated bathymetric imagery. Bay d’Espoir is a natural depositional area, and that, coupled with the unique backscatter properties of fish farm wastes, increases the difficulty of interpreting these multibeam sonar images. A fairly accurate broad scale characterization of sediment quality can be made from high-resolution images. However’, much of the fine scale detail and inherent variation of sediment characteristics associated with impacts from aquaculture cannot be determined from multibeam imagery.

scholarly journals Variability of macrofauna distribution along a dissipative log-spiral sandy beach in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A.M. Barboza ◽  
Tatiana Cabrini ◽  
Gustavo Mattos ◽  
Viviane Skinner ◽  
Ricardo Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Beach Slope ◽  
Sediment Sorting

Log-spiral beaches display defined physical gradients alongshore. However, the majority of studies focus on the variability of a single population of macrofauna species. We aimed to investigate the variation in species distribution and in community structure along ten transects on a log-spiral beach. Principal component analysis indicated a clear physical gradient alongshore. Redundancy analysis showed that the sheltered end was related to smaller particle sizes, higher organic matter content and high densities of polychaetes. The exposed end was characterized by coarser sand, lower organic matter content and a high presence of crustaceans. Model selection indicated that the “best fit” to explain the variability in the number of individuals included grain size and beach slope. Variability of the polychaete Scolelepis squamata was best explained by grain size, slope and sediment sorting. The best model for the cirolanid Excirolana armata only included sediment sorting. The physical gradient in sediment texture and the beach slope explained more than one-third of the variability in community structure. The physical variables were also correlated with the distribution of the individual species. We showed that the physical gradient on log-spiral coasts may be an important driver of macrofauna variability, even at mesoscales and in dissipative conditions.

scholarly journals A 2600-year high-resolution climate record from Lake Trichonida (SW Greece)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Seguin ◽  
Pavlos Avramidis ◽  
Walter Dörfler ◽  
Alexandros Emmanouilidis ◽  
Ingmar Unkel
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Southern Greece

Abstract. This paper aims at reconstructing the palaeoclimatic changes during the last 2600 years in southern Greece based on a proxy record from Lake Trichonida. For the first time, we provide a reliable age-depth model and continuous geochemical data for the largest and deepest lake in Greece. We use X-ray fluorescence (XRF) geochemical data supported by discrete mineral analysis based on X-ray diffraction (XRD), grain size distribution, and organic matter content to investigate changes in the lake sedimentary system and identify the major forcing mechanisms. A principal component analysis based on the XRF geochemical composition identifies the variation between carbonate-rich material, precipitating predominantly under drier and/or warmer conditions, and terrigenous sediment input, with it being more prominent during wetter and/or colder conditions. The first principal component (PC1) shows a very strong correlation with the weathering proxy log (Rb∕Sr), and we interpret both proxies as depicting fluctuations in the hydrological conditions. A cluster analysis, conducted on the continuous geochemical and colour parameters, highlights the similarities in the sediment characteristics deposited during wetter phases, notably during 1850–1750, 1500–1400, ca. 1100, and ca. 100 cal BP. When comparing the PC1 Trichonida record to independent records from the Balkans, we find generally concurring patterns on a multi-decadal to centennial scale. We show that phases with wetter conditions at Lake Trichonida coincide with a more negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, suggesting that the precipitation variability in southern Greece is linked to changes in the NAO atmospheric pattern, as one major driving force. The 2600-year-long sedimentary record of Lake Trichonida contributes to a better understanding of Late Holocene palaeohydrological changes in an important climatic transitional zone in the eastern Mediterranean.

Characterization of Balsamic Vinegar by Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Trace Element Content

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Del Signore ◽  
Barbara Campisi ◽  
Franco Di Giacomo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Balsamic Vinegar ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Abstract To characterize vinegars according to the types prescribed by Italian regulations, 8 trace elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were determined. The data collected were successively elaborated by 3 statistical techniques: linear principal component analysis (LPCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and cluster analysis (CA). LDA and LPCA best classified and discriminated the 3 types of vinegar under study, separating traditional balsamic vinegars from the other 2 types, nontraditionally aged balsamic vinegars and common vinegars. The latter 2 types were appreciably distinguished only by LDA through bidimensional analysis of discriminant scores

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