New Dynamic Positioning Reference System Concepts Enabled by Autonomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Arne Rinnan
Keyword(s):  
Reference System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
High Level

AbstractA certain level of autonomy is already present in dynamic positioning (DP), and DP requirements have been a driving force in the development of a diversity of high-reliability reference systems. Today, there is a strong drive for autonomous concepts and solutions in several market niches (e.g., short sea shipping and ocean-based aquaculture). At the same time, the market downturn in traditional oil and gas leads to a reduced implementation of new reference system solutions. A development toward higher levels of autonomy in novel operations drives the development from traditional reference systems toward solutions capable of proximity awareness and connectivity. The existing reference system technologies comprise a good platform for this development, but new technology elements like new sensor fusion concepts, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and extended connectivity are evolving. The article presents ongoing developments within microwave, laser, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and inertial-based reference systems and discusses likely future developments. Connectivity will be a native feature of future reference systems and is also discussed. The article is focusing on the drivers behind these developments and some of the related challenges from a high-level perspective. Current development is running at a much higher pace than legislation and regulation can adapt. Some input to regulation challenges and trade-offs are outlined.

scholarly journals Testing Multi-Frequency Low-Cost GNSS Receivers for Geodetic Monitoring Purposes

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4375
Author(s):  
Veton Hamza ◽  
Bojan Stopar ◽  
Tomaž Ambrožič ◽  
Goran Turk ◽  
Oskar Sterle
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Point ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Short Baselines ◽  
Height Component ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positional Precision

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology is widely used for geodetic monitoring purposes. However, in cases where a higher risk of receiver damage is expected, geodetic GNSS receivers may be considered too expensive to be used. As an alternative, low-cost GNSS receivers that are cheap, light, and prove to be of adequate quality over short baselines, are considered. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the positional precision of a multi-frequency low-cost instrument, namely, ZED-F9P with u-blox ANN-MB-00 antenna, and to investigate its potential for displacement detection. We determined the positional precision within static survey, and the displacement detection within dynamic survey. In both cases, two baselines were set, with the same rover point equipped with a low-cost GNSS instrument. The base point of the first baseline was observed with a geodetic GNSS instrument, whereas the second baseline was observed with a low-cost GNSS instrument. The results from static survey for both baselines showed comparable results for horizontal components; the precision was on a level of 2 mm or better. For the height component, the results show a better performance of low-cost instruments. This may be a consequence of unknown antenna calibration parameters for low-cost GNSS antenna, while statistically significant coordinates of rover points were obtained from both baselines. The difference was again more significant in the height component. For the displacement detection, a device was used that imposes controlled movements with sub-millimeter accuracy. Results, obtained on a basis of 30-min sessions, show that low-cost GNSS instruments can detect displacements from 10 mm upwards with a high level of reliability. On the other hand, low-cost instruments performed slightly worse as far as accuracy is concerned.

scholarly journals Performance Trades for Multiantenna GNSS Multisensor Attitude Determination Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Tehrani ◽  
Jason N. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Determination ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Attitude Estimation ◽  
Multiple Antenna ◽  
Estimation Performance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
System Configurations

We present various performance trades for multiantenna global navigation satellite system (GNSS) multisensor attitude estimation systems. In particular, attitude estimation performance sensitivity to various error sources and system configurations is assessed. This study is motivated by the need for system designers, scientists, and engineers of airborne astronomical and remote sensing platforms to better determine which system configuration is most suitable for their specific application. In order to assess performance trade-offs, the attitude estimation performance of various approaches is tested using a simulation that is based on a stratospheric balloon platform. For GNSS errors, attention is focused on multipath, receiver measurement noise, and carrier-phase breaks. For the remaining attitude sensors, different performance grades of sensors are assessed. Through a Monte Carlo simulation, it is shown that, under typical conditions, sub-0.1-degree attitude accuracy is available when using multiple antenna GNSS data only, but that this accuracy can degrade to degree level in some environments warranting the inclusion of additional attitude sensors to maintain the desired level of accuracy. Further, we show that integrating inertial sensors is more valuable whenever accurate pitch and roll estimates are critical.

A new method for underwater dynamic gravimetry based on multisensor integrated navigation

Geophysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. G69-G80
Author(s):  
Zhiming Xiong ◽  
Juliang Cao ◽  
Kaixun Liao ◽  
Meiping Wu ◽  
Shaokun Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Finite Impulse Response ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
New Method ◽  
Integrated Navigation ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Half Wavelength ◽  
Marine Gravity ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Underwater gravity information plays a major role in deepwater oil and gas exploration. To realize underwater dynamic gravimetry, we have developed a strapdown gravimeter mounted in a pressure capsule for adaption to the underwater environment and we adopted a two-stage towed underwater gravimetry scheme. An improved strapdown gravimeter and other underwater sensors were installed in a towed vessel to form an underwater dynamic gravimetry system. Because the global navigation satellite system cannot be used for underwater dynamic gravimetry, we developed a new method based on underwater multisensor integrated navigation, in which a federal Kalman filter was applied for error estimation. This new method allowed us to obtain the accurate attitude, velocity, and position necessary for gravity estimation. In addition, the gravity data can then be extracted from the noisy data through finite impulse response low-pass filtering. We acquired the underwater gravity data at a depth of 300 m to test the validity of the new method and evaluate the accuracy of the underwater gravity system. The results indicated a repeatability from 0.85 to 0.96 mGal at a half wavelength of approximately 0.2 km and also indicated good consistency with the marine gravity data.

Deformation detection through the realization of reference frames

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Nestoras Papadopoulos ◽  
Melissinos Paraskevas ◽  
Ioannis Katsafados ◽  
Georgios Nikolaidis ◽  
Euagelos Anagnostou
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Geodetic Reference System ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

AbstractHellenic Military Geographical Service (HMGS) has established and measured various networks in Greece which constitute the geodetic infrastructure of the country. One of them is the triangulation network consisting of about 26.000 pillars all over Greece. Classical geodetic measurements that held by the Hellenic Military Geographic Service (HMGS) through the years have been used after adjustment for the state reference frame which materializes the current Hellenic Geodetic Reference System of 1987 (HGRS87). The aforementioned Reference System (RS) is a static one and is in use since 1990. Through the years especially in the era of satellite navigation systems many Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks have been established. The latest such network materialized by HMGS is ongoing and covers until now more than the 2/3 of the country. It is referenced by International GNSS Service (IGS) permanent stations and consists a local densification IGS08 Reference Frame. Firstly, this gives the opportunity to calculate transformation parameters between the two systems and a statistical analysis of the residuals leads to intermediate conclusions. After that and in conjunction with existing past transformations, tectonic deformations and their directions are concluded. Moreover past GPS observations on the same pillars in compare to the newer ones give also a sense of tectonic displacements. Greece is one of the most tectonically active countries in Europe and the adoption of a modern kinematic or semi-kinematic geodetic datum is a necessity as it should incorporate a deformation model like 3d velocities on the reference frame realization. The detection of geodynamic changes is a continuous need and should be taken into consideration at each epoch.

Radar Corner Reflector installation at the OCA geodetic Observatory (France)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Collilieux ◽  
Clément Courde ◽  
Bénédicte Fruneau ◽  
Mourad Aimar ◽  
Guillaume Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference System ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Corner Reflector ◽  
Combination Process ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Space Geodetic Techniques ◽  
Gnss Permanent Stations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Ground Displacements

<p>Geodetic observatories play a fundamental role in the determination of the International Terrestrial Reference System releases. They host several geodetic permanent instruments whose coordinates can be determined at the centimeter level or better. They comprise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) permanent antenna/receivers, Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations, Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) telescope and Doppler Orbitography Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) beacons. The Calern site of the Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (OCA) is an example of such a multi-technique site located in the South of France. It hosts a DORIS beacon, a SLR/LLR station and two GNSS permanent stations.</p><p> </p><p>In the process of determining coordinates of geodetic instruments in a unified reference frame, the relative positions of the instruments at co-location sites are integrated in the ITRF combination. Thanks to the additional measurements obtained from local surveys, it is possible to determine global biases between coordinates determined by individual space geodetic techniques, and express them in the same reference system. An additional fundamental assumption of the combination process is that stations located on the same site do not move with respect to each other. Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (INSAR technique), is an interesting tool to evaluate that hypothesis as it allows measuring ground displacements in the line of sight of the satellite,  and has been used only occasionally in the past for this purpose,. Notably, the Persistent Scatterer (PS) Interferometry enables determining time series of ground displacements on particular scatterers exhibiting phase stability in a stack (or series ?) of SAR images. To ensure the existence (or presence ?) of such PS, artificial corner reflectors can be installed.</p><p> </p><p>We present the procedure that we adapted from Parker et al. (2007) to install and validate the installation of a corner reflector at OCA observatory, close to the currently operating GNSS, SLR and DORIS stations, specifically designed for Sentinel-1 satellite. An initial local tie survey was carried out to assess the stability of the reflector through time.</p>

Study on GNSS Time Reference System and its Traceability

2012 ◽  
Vol 263-266 ◽  
pp. 2031-2034
Author(s):  
Shao Wu Dong
Keyword(s):  
Global Navigation Satellite System ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Universal Time ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
Internal Time ◽  
Precision Time ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Time Standard

This paper introduces briefly international standard time scale---theCoordinated Universal Time (UTC) and its realization, the time references and their traceability of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). GNSS is based on precision time measurement, an uniform internal time reference is necessary to ensure all parts in a GNSS run synchronously. All GNSS system have precision time reference systems, at the same time, it is necessary that the time reference should be traced to the international legal time standard, UTC, to ensure global time synchronous and uniform, it can be realized by establishing time comparison link with national time standard. A possible solution of GNSS time reference and its traceability for COMPASS is discussed.

scholarly journals Combined Methodologies for the Survey and Documentation of Historical Buildings: The Castle of Scalea (CS, Italy)

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2384-2397
Author(s):  
Eugenio Donato ◽  
Dario Giuffrida
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Architectural Drawing ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
High Level ◽  
Survey Methodologies

In the last few years, new technologies have become indispensable tools for specialists in the field of cultural heritage for the analysis, reconstruction and interpretation of data but also for promotion of artefacts or buildings sometimes inaccessible or in a bad state of conservation. The discipline of geomatics offer many opportunities and solutions for integrated digital surveys and the documentation of heritage (point-based methods, image-based photogrammetry and their combination): These data can be processed in order to derive metric information and share them using databases or GIS (geographic information system) tools. This paper is focused on the description of combined survey methodologies adopted for the geometric and architectural documentation of the site and surviving structures of the Castel of Scalea (Cosenza, Italy). It is a typical context where traditional survey procedures do not fully succeed or require a longer amount of time and great effort if a high level of accuracy is requested: For this reason, aerial close-range digital photogrammetry enhanced by the GNSS (global navigation satellite system), and total station positioning systems have been used at various levels of detail for the production of a detailed 3D model and 2D thematic maps with an excellent level of in the positioning of the structures and in the architectural drawing. Thanks to the collected dataset, it was possible to better identify the building units (CF), to digitize the limits of the masonry stratigraphic units (USM), and to draw up a first constructive diachronic sequence hypothesis on which to base chronology. Moreover, some particular masonry techniques have been sampled and compared at the regional level with the aim to better dating of constructive expedients. It was finally demonstrated how the use of integrated methodologies allows us to obtain a complete and detailed documentation including information regarding not only architectural and geometrical features but also archaeological and historical elements, building materials and decay evidences—all useful as support of the interpretation of data.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the accuracy of volume calculation obtained by UAV

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Helena Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Éder Ramon Feitoza Lêdo ◽  
Caike Silva Candido Damasceno ◽  
José Adriano Da Silva ◽  
Iderlan Medeiros De Brito Alves
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Gnss Receiver ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

The emergence of increasingly accurate, fast, and inexpensive tools in the acquisition of data for the management base suitable for each type of environment is fundamental in the development of sustainable engineering. Based on this, the evaluation of the accuracy of the volume calculation performed using Digital Terrain Models (DTM’s), generated by images of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was carried out. The study was conducted in the area of the new landfill in the municipality of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, in a waste stabilization pond. Two DTM’s were generated and evaluated. The first was generated by collecting points from a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, using 445 points, whereas the second was generated by aerial images obtained through a multirotor UAV, with 17 checkpoints and 10 Ground Control Points (GCP’s). With the two DTM’s of the GNSS Receiver and the UAV, the volume of the stabilization pond was calculated using the TopoEVN and Pix4D software, respectively. The estimated pond volume obtained through the Global Positioning System (GPS) data was 48548,33 m³, while by the UAV DTM, it was 48504,9 m³. The accuracy of the volume data obtained by DTM generated by UAV, even with considerable flight height (120 m), presented a result with variation less than 1% compared to those arising from conventional topography, thus indicating high reliability and data accuracy.

scholarly journals Examination of Autonomous GPS and GPS/EGNOS Integrity and Accuracy for Aeronautical Applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ciećko ◽  
Grzegorz Grunwald
Keyword(s):  
Global Navigation Satellite System ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Satisfactory Level ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Open Service ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
High Level ◽  
Static Point ◽  
Land Water

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is increasinglyused in navigation and positioning in land, water and air applications.Although they are very useful and willingly employedin everyday live and commercial products, it must be stressedthat GNSS alone does not always provide adequate performance,particularly in demanding aeronautical applicationswhere high level of integrity is required. Integrity and accuracyof positioning are the key parameters in air navigation.The paper presents research on current values of GNSS accuracyand integrity in north-eastern Poland, the region whichuntil 2014 was out of official coverage of European GeostationaryNavigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) Open Service (OS).The integrity and accuracy of positioning of static point andflying aircraft was examined in order to check present usabilityof different GNSS techniques which can be deployed for enroute,approach and landing phase of a flight. Since the integritylevels in aviation are strictly dependent on the phase offlight and landing of an aircraft, the analyses were performedin two computational modes: positioning using GPS/EGNOSdata and using autonomous GPS. Both modes were calculatedin en-route variant and because with the use of EGNOS it ispossible to perform approach, GPS/EGNOS mode was alsoanalyzed in Precision Approach (PA) variant. Overall assessmentof the accuracy and integrity of positioning in the studiedvariants is at the satisfactory level, not exceeding the levelsdefined by official aviation regulations. 

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