Antiviral activity of <em>Carica papaya</em> leaf extract against experimental infections with dengue virus-2,-3 and -4

Papaya leaves has been shown to have efficacy as an analgesic. Analgesic effect caused by the flavonoids in leaves of papaya. To enhance the analgesic effi cacy papaya into dosage formulatio of nanoparticles. The purpose of this research was to create and characterized nanoparticles from ethanol extract of papaya leaves then tested for effectiveness as an analgesic. This study used polymer chitosan and NaTPP to created nanoparticles through ionic gelation method and analgesic activity tested using writhing test method and statistical tested. Optimal formula of nanoparticles were produced at concentration of 0.2% chitosan, Na-TPP extract 0.1% and 4% with a ratio of 6: 1: 1. The nanoparticles was formed a size of 255.4 nm with polidispers index of 0.7, the zeta potential of + 11,1mV, the adsorption effi ciency by 87% and rounded morphology (spherical). Analgesic effectiveness tested by comparison between the groups ethanol extract of papaya and the groups nanoparticles of chitosan-ethanol extract papaya statistically using the T-test Independent. The results of this research indicate that there are statistically signifi cant differences (p <0.05). This results shows that the preparation nanoparticles of chitosan-ethanol extract papaya is more effective as an analgesic than the ethanol extract of papaya leaves.

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4,7-Disubstituted 7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and Their Analogs as Antiviral Agents against Zika Virus

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26133779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 3779

Author(s):

Ruben Soto-Acosta ◽

Eunkyung Jung ◽

Li Qiu ◽

Daniel J. Wilson ◽

Robert J. Geraghty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Antiviral Agents ◽

Structural Features ◽

Molecular Target ◽

Core Structure ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Important Group

Discovery of compound 1 as a Zika virus (ZIKV) inhibitor has prompted us to investigate its 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold, revealing structural features that elicit antiviral activity. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that 9H-purine or 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine can serve as an alternative core structure. Overall, we have identified 4,7-disubstituted 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their analogs including compounds 1, 8 and 11 as promising antiviral agents against flaviviruses ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV). While the molecular target of these compounds is yet to be elucidated, 4,7-disubstituted 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their analogs are new chemotypes in the design of small molecules against flaviviruses, an important group of human pathogens.

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In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Pinus merkusii (Pinaceae) Stem Bark and Cone against Dengue Virus Type-2 (DENV-2)

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00641 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3705-3708

Author(s):

Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori ◽

Amaq Fadholly ◽

Annise Proboningrat ◽

Suhailah Hayaza ◽

Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Virus Type ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Endemic Region ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

African Green Monkey Kidney ◽

Antiviral Compound ◽

Dengue Virus Type 2

Dengue is a major mosquito-borne disease that currently has no effective antiviral or vaccine available. Recently, Indonesia is one of the largest countries in the dengue-endemic region, with a total population of more than 250 million. In the present study, the antiviral activity of P. merkusii stem bark and cone were evaluated against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2; NCBI accession number: KT012509) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia. We revealed that P. merkusii stem bark and cone inhibited DENV-2 in Vero cells (originally from African green monkey kidney) with IC50= 140.63 μg/mL and 73.78 μg/mL, CC50= 89.65 μg/mL and 249.5 μg/mL, SI= 0.64 and 3.38, respectively. The findings presented here suggest that P. merkusii stem bark and cone exerts potent antiviral activity against DENV-2. Hence, P. merkusii stem bark and cone are potent to inhibit DENV-2 and should be considered for in vivo evaluation in the development of an effective antiviral compound against DENV-2.

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