scholarly journals Serum antibody titres for leptospira and its association to the immunization and rearing pattern in a sample of dogs from suburbs of Colombo: a preliminary study

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
M. G. Thammitiyagodage ◽  
P. Somaratne ◽  
M. A. Roshan Priyantha ◽  
K. C. R. Perera
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Rearing Pattern

scholarly journals Virus-specific memory T cell responses unmasked by immune checkpoint blockade cause hepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Hutchinson ◽  
Katharina Kronenberg ◽  
Paloma Riquelme ◽  
Jürgen J. Wenzel ◽  
Gunther Glehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
After Cancer

AbstractTreatment of advanced melanoma with combined PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade commonly causes serious immune-mediated complications. Here, we identify a subset of patients predisposed to immune checkpoint blockade-related hepatitis who are distinguished by chronic expansion of effector memory CD4+ T cells (TEM cells). Pre-therapy CD4+ TEM cell expansion occurs primarily during autumn or winter in patients with metastatic disease and high cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific serum antibody titres. These clinical features implicate metastasis-dependent, compartmentalised CMV reactivation as the cause of CD4+ TEM expansion. Pre-therapy CD4+ TEM expansion predicts hepatitis in CMV-seropositive patients, opening possibilities for avoidance or prevention. 3 of 4 patients with pre-treatment CD4+ TEM expansion who received αPD-1 monotherapy instead of αPD-1/αCTLA-4 therapy remained hepatitis-free. 4 of 4 patients with baseline CD4+ TEM expansion given prophylactic valganciclovir and αPD-1/αCTLA-4 therapy remained hepatitis-free. Our findings exemplify how pathogen exposure can shape clinical reactions after cancer therapy and how this insight leads to therapeutic innovations.

Persistent seropositivity in oophorectomy-resistant anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e241878
Author(s):  
Susmit Tripathi ◽  
Nara M Michaelson ◽  
Alan Segal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽  
Resistant Disease ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Case Basis

To discuss (1) the significance of seropositivity in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and (2) clinical decision making in oophorectomy resistant disease. Patient A (a 35-year-old woman) had high CSF and serum anti-NMDA antibody titres, a complicated hospital course, little improvement with first and second-line therapies, and remained with high CSF and serum antibody titres despite unilateral oophorectomy, requiring a nearly 13-month long hospitalisation. Conversely, patient B (a 29-year-old woman) had low CSF titres, seronegative disease and quickly recovered to her baseline with first line therapies and oophorectomy. Anti-NMDAR antibodies are themselves pathological, causing signalling dysfunction and internalisation of the NMDAR. Seropositivity with anti-NMDAR antibodies likely reflects leakage from the blood–brain barrier, with high serum titres being a downstream effect of high CSF titres. Empiric bilateral oophorectomies is controversial but appropriate on a case-by-case basis in extremely treatment-resistant NMDAR encephalitis given the possibility of antigenic microteratomas, which may not be detected on imaging or even bilateral ovarian biopsies.

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis presenting after immature teratoma resection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e244637
Author(s):  
Deandra Kimberly Chetram ◽  
Kelsey Pan ◽  
Aisha Elfasi ◽  
Merry Markham
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Immature Teratoma ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intravenous Methylprednisolone ◽  
Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement

This is a case of a young woman who developed neurological and psychiatric symptoms 3 days after resection of an immature teratoma. She was diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis via positive serum antibody titres, which was later confirmed with cerebrospinal fluid antibody titres. Given her cancer diagnosis, she underwent treatment with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy in addition to 5 days of high-dose steroids (1 g of intravenous methylprednisolone) for the encephalitis. This treatment regimen led to significant clinical improvement 3 weeks after completion of one cycle of chemotherapy.

Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine expressing the Neospora caninum surface protein NcSRS2 in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanzhong Zhao ◽  
Jun Ding ◽  
Qun Liu ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Jinshu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mammalian Expression ◽  
Antibody Titres

The immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine expressing the surface protein NcSRS2 of Neospora caninum was studied in BALB/c mice. The NcSRS2-encoding DNA was obtained by PCR amplification of the NcSRS2 ORF gene from the p43 plasmid encoding the N. caninum surface protein NcSRS2, ligated to the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+) and propagated in E. coli DH5α to produce the N. caninum NcSRS2 DNA vaccine. BALB/c mice were immunised by two intramuscular injections of the DNA vaccine with or without complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Serum antibody titres and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, and splenocyte proliferation and cytokine expression were measured after immunisation. The DNA vaccine induced T-cell-mediated immunity as shown by significantly increased NO concentrations, cytokine gene (IL-2 and IFN-γ) expression, and NcSRS2 protein-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in mice immunised with the DNA vaccine. The vaccine also induced weak humoral immunity. The immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine was slightly enhanced by CFA. The immune response was specific to NcSRS2. No immune response was observed in mice immunised with the pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+) vector alone.

A Survey of Serum Antibodies to Eight Common Viruses in Psychiatric Patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. King ◽  
S. J. Cooper ◽  
J. A. P. Earle ◽  
S. J. Martin ◽  
N. V. McFerran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Neurotropic Viruses ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

SummarySerum antibody titres to eight neurotropic viruses were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 450 psychiatric in-patients and 143 controls. A seasonal variation in schizophrenic births was observed, with a peak incidence between March and April. Both herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus antibody titres correlated with age and, when this was controlled for, no significant differences emerged between any patient group and the controls. Mumps antibody titres were significantly lower in patients with mental subnormal and neurosis or personality disorder; measles and rubella antibody titres were lower in male but not female mentally handicapped patients; males had lower antibody titres to mumps, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus than females in all groups. A decrease in mumps antibody titres was also found in schizophrenics if the medication factor was excluded. These low antibody titres may indicate an impaired immune response. Thus perinatal or childhood subclinical viral infections of the central nervous system, particularly of mumps, might lead to a range of possible psychiatric outcomes in later life.

Passage of maternal immunoglobulins to the pouch young of a marsupial. Setonix brachyurus

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yadav ◽  
M Eadie
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulins ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Uterine Fluid

Prenatal and precolostral newborn quokkas, S. brachyurus, had no immunoglobulins in their serum. Immunoglobulins were not detected in the yolk-sac fluid, the amniotic fluid, or the allantoic fluid, but were present in the uterine fluid, the colostrum, and milk whey. Immunoglobulins were present in the serum of neonatal quokkas that had suckled for at least 24 hr. Initial immunization of a female with Salmonella adelaide flagella and bacteriophage 0 x 174 antigen resulted in high titres of antibodies in her blood 1 week later, but there was a lag of less than 1 week before anti-S. adelaide agglutinins and a lag of 2 weeks before antiphage antibodies were detectable in the serum of the suckling pouch young. A further delay of 2 weeks occurred before serum antibody titres were as high in pouch young as they were in the mother. At no time in development did antibody titres in the sera of pouch young exceed those of the mother. The ability to absorb antibody in the gut ceased 2-3 weeks after the 6-month-old young left the pouch.

scholarly journals Vaccination against Hong Kong influenza in Britain, 1968–9: A report to the Medical Research Council Committee on Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Vaccines

1970 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. J. Tyrrell ◽  
Rosemary Buckland ◽  
D. Rubenstein ◽  
D. M. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Polyvalent Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Made In ◽  
Intranasal Spray

SUMMARYStudies of the effect of Hong Kong (HK) influenza vaccine were made in adults and children in Great Britain during 1968 and 1969. The vaccines were administered intramuscularly and also by intranasal spray. The serum antibody response was studied in 284 subjects. Most developed rising titres to vaccine given intramuscularly and few to vaccine given intranasally. Deoxycholate-split vaccine was as potent as conventional whole virus vaccine. Antibody titres were maintained for months. Over 4000 subjects in factories, offices and schools were observed during the epidemic. The incidence of disease was not significantly reduced by either form of vaccination. A survey was made of epidemics in boarding schools in which some of the pupils had been vaccinated, in six with commercial polyvalent vaccine and in five with HK; there was a lower incidence of influenza in two schools vaccinated 2 or 4 weeks earlier with HK vaccine.

Effects of processing methods for soybean meal used in milk replacers on intestinal xylose uptake and serum antibody to soybean antigen when fed to calves of various ages

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
J. H. Burton ◽  
E. B. Burnside ◽  
B. N. Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Xylose Concentration ◽  
Group 1

Milk replacer containing either heated soybean meal (commercial soybean meal), extruded soybean meal, ethanol-extracted soybean meal, fermented soybean meal or skim milk powder replacer (SMPR) was fed for 20 d to preruminant calves from either 6, 18 or 30 d of age (age groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Effects of these diets on intestinal absorption efficiency (using the xylose absorption test), serum antibody titres to the soybean allergens, and concentrations of immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA) were determined. Peak plasma xylose concentrations were highest in calves receiving SMPR; these values were 45.8, 56.3 and 54.0 mg dL−1 for calves in the three age groups, respectively. Calves in age group 1, fed the extruded soybean meal replacer, had the lowest peak plasma xylose concentration (32.8 mg dL−1). Increases in peak plasma xylose concentration were not observed in calves in age groups 2 and 3 relative to those in age group 1 for the heated soybean meal replacer unlike those noted in calves receiving the other milk replacers. Antibodies to the soybean antigens glycinin and β-conglycinin were detected in serum of all the calves, but those receiving the heated or extruded soybean meal appeared to have higher serum titres than those receiving the ethanol extracted or the fermented soybean meal. Key words: Processed soybean meal, calves, milk replacers, xylose absorption, antibody titres, glycinin, β-conglycinin

scholarly journals A comparison of live and inactivated influenza A (H1N1) virus vaccines

1983 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Clark ◽  
C. W. Potter ◽  
R. Jennings ◽  
J. P. Nicholl ◽  
A. F. Langrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
H1n1 Vaccine ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Post Immunization ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Antibody Titres

SUMMARYGroups of volunteers were immunized with one of three influenza virus vaccines, and the resistance to challenge infection with attenuated influenza A (H1N1) virus was measured 8 months later. The vaccines were aqueous subunit influenza A/USSR/77 (H1N1) vaccine, aqueous subunit influenza B/Hong Kong/73 vaccine, or attenuated influenza virus A (H1N1) vaccine. The B virus vaccine was included as a control to assess the incidence of natural A virus infection during the study period. A proportion of the B virus vaccinees had pre-existing A (H1N1) virus antibody and were used to study the immunity conferred by natural infection to the live virus challenge. The serum antibody responses were measured at 1 and 8 months after immunization. The results showed that all the vaccines induced serum HI antibody in a proportion of the volunteers; however, after 1 month, higher titres of serum antibody were found in volunteers given inactivated A vaccine than in those given live attenuated A virus vaccine. Eight months post-immunization the titres of serum antibody in volunteers given inactivated vaccine had declined significantly, but there were no changes in the antibody titres of those given live virus vaccine. The incidence of infection by the challenge virus at 8 months post-immunization was directly related to the serum antibody titres 1 month post-immunization; no evidence was obtained to suggest that those given live virus vaccine had a more solid immunity than those given inactivated vaccine.

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