HOST ASSOCIATIONS, PHENOTYPIC VARIATION, AND MATING COMPATIBILITY OF CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALS AND C. RETINIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) POPULATIONS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL OREGON

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jan A. Volney ◽  
Andrew M. Liebhold ◽  
William E. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Color Morph ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
South Central ◽  
Larval Host

AbstractBrown larval morphs, diagnostic of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and green larval morphs, diagnostic of C. retiniana (Walsingham), were found on both Douglas-fir and white fir in mixed stands in south-central Oregon. The rank proportion of brown morphs in stands was strongly correlated with the rank proportion of Douglas-fir in host species basal area component. Despite considerable overlap in most phenotypic characters, differences in phenotypic frequencies between sympatric green and brown morphs were found in larval head capsule pigmentation, thoracic shield pigmentation, pupal coloration, and adult forewing ground color. In laboratory matings, neither larval host nor larval color morph influenced the mating success, as assessed by the production of viable eggs. Crosses between females reared from brown larval morphs and males from green morphs produced a slightly lower proportion of viable eggs when compared with intramorph matings. Larval host had little effect on either the fecundity of females or the viability of their progeny. Females reared from brown larval morphs produced significantly more eggs than their green counterparts from the same stand. The occurrence of intermediates in all mixed stands and the production of families with anomalous morph frequencies indicate that these two species hybridize in nature. The lack of much structural differentiation and varying efficacy of reproductive barriers indicate that relatively little differentiation of the regulatory genome has occurred between these two species.

Growth response of young, thinned Douglas-fir stands to nitrogen fertilizer in relation to soil properties and tree nutrition

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1684-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hopmans ◽  
H.N. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Area And Volume

Application of 224 kg N/ha to young, thinned stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) at 35 sites in western Oregon and Washington significantly increased basal area and volume increment over 8 years following treatment. However, response varied considerably between sites, and relative volume increment exceeded 10% at only 19 of the 35 sites. Response to applied N was evaluated in relation to forest floor and soil variables as well as to levels of N in foliage. Relative responses in basal area and volume were significantly correlated with total N concentration and the C/N ratio of the soil. However, these relationships explained only part (18–22%) of the observed variation in response. In contrast, relative response was strongly correlated with the level of N in the foliage of nonfertilized trees at 11 sites, accounting for 94% of the variation between sites. Use of foliar N data clearly has potential to predict growth responses to N fertilization of young thinned Douglas-fir stands, although further work is needed to test the relationship for a wider range of sites and stands.

Development and growth of even-aged stands of Douglas-fir and grand fir

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce C. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Eastern Washington

Stand development patterns and growth rates of even-aged mixed stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamensiesii Mirb. Franco) and grand fir (Abiesgrandis Dougl. Lindl.) were investigated by stand reconstruction in eastern Washington. Although Douglas-fir dominated the stands early, grand fir of the same age eventually overtook the tallest Douglas-firs. Dominant trees of both species were found to have highly variable taper form (based on basal area to height ratios), although a linear relationship existed in other crown classes. Stem volume growth rates were determined by reconstructing past diameters and heights and were found comparable to site class IV Douglas-fir in western Washington. Intensive management, especially planting and thinning, could improve upon the observed mean annual increments of 800 board feet per acre at 80 years of age.

HOST ASSOCIATIONS IN SYMPATRIC POPULATIONS OF CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN AND C. RETINIANA (WALSINGHAM) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN SOUTH-CENTRAL OREGON AT HIGH POPULATION DENSITIES

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis C. Schaupp
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
South Central ◽  
White Fir

Sympatric, synchronous populations of conifer-feeding Choristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) occur in western North America (Powell 1980). Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, the western spruce budworm, co-exists with C. retiniana, the Modoc budworm, in mixed stands of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and true firs, Abies spp. Choristoneura occidentalis has brown larvae and a broad geographic distribution associated with one of its principle hosts, Douglas-fir (Stehr 1967). Larvae of C. retiniana are green and feed on true firs, particularly white fir, Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. (Stehr 1967; Carolin et al. 1987).

scholarly journals Growth of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, and ponderosa pine seedlings underplanted in a partially-cut, dry Douglas-fir stand in south-central British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Vyse ◽  
Christine Ferguson ◽  
Suzanne W Simard ◽  
Tamaki Kano ◽  
Pasi Puttonen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
South Central

The effects of partial cutting on seedling growth of three conifer species were studied at a very dry, hot interior Douglas-fir site near Kamloops, British Columbia. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. P. & C. Laws.) seedlings were planted in mechanically prepared 50 cm × 50 cm patches under different canopy conditions created by harvesting 60% of the original stand volume. The prepared areas were selected to represent canopy closures from open to closed, slopes from 0 to 60%, and all aspects. After six years, survival of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine and ponderosa pine was 78%, 76% and 70%, respectively. Light level had a strong influence on survival and condition. Growth of all species increased linearly with light, and was greatest for lodgepole pine, followed by ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. Multiple regression analysis showed that six-year seedling size was most significantly affected by total light, and only occasionally by aspect, slope, or crown closure. The best models explained 53%, 47% and 42% of the variation in diameter of lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, and Douglas-fir, respectively. Natural abundance 13C was positively correlated with light and soil moisture availability, reflecting higher photosynthetic capacity of all species in the wetter, open canopy conditions. Patterns in isotopic discrimination also indicated greater water use efficiency of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine than lodgepole pine under low light conditions. Underplanting stands thinned to a basal area of less than 15m2 per ha offers a solution to regeneration difficulties on hot, dry Interior Douglas-fir sites. Key words: partial cutting, Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, light, soil moisture, 13C, growth, survival, Opax Mountain Silvicultural Systems Project

Contribution to the automation of the calculations involving the forest inventory with the aid of an office computer

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
General Program ◽  
Magnetic Card ◽  
The Right

Contribution to the automation of the calculations involving  the forest inventory with the aid of an office computer - In this contribution an attempt was made to perform the  calculations involving the forest inventory by means of an office computer  Olivetti P203.     The general program (flowchart 1), identical for all tree species except  for the values of the different parameters, occupies the tracks A and B of a  magnetic card used with this computer. For each tree species one magnetic  card is required, while some supplementary cards are used for the  subroutines. The first subroutine (flowchart 1) enables us to preserve  temporarily the subtotals between two tree species (mixed stands) and so  called special or stand cards (SC). After the last tree species the totals  per ha are calculated and printed on the former, the average trees occuring  on the line below. Appendix 1 gives an example of a similar form resulting  from calculations involving a sampling in a mixed stand consisting of Oak  (code 11), Red oak (code 12), Japanese larch (code 24) and Beech (code 13).  On this form we find from the left to the right: the diameter class (m), the  number of trees per ha, the basal area (m2/ha), the current annual increment  of the basal area (m2/year/ha), current annual volume increment (m3/year/ha),  the volume (m3/ha) and the money value of the standing trees (Bfr/ha). On the  line before the last, the totals of the quantities mentioned above and of all  the tree species together are to be found. The last line gives a survey of  the average values dg, g, ig, ig, v and w.     Besides this form each stand or plot has a so-called 'stand card SC' on  wich the totals cited above as well as the area of the stand or the plot and  its code are stored. Similar 'stand card' may replace in many cases  completely the classical index cards; moreover they have the advantage that  the data can be entered directly into the computer so that further  calculations, classifications or tabling can be carried out by means of an  appropriate program or subroutine. The subroutine 2 (flowchart 2) illustrates  the use of similar cards for a series of stands or eventually a complete  forest, the real values of the different quantities above are calculated and  tabled (taking into account the area). At the same time the general totals  and the general mean values per ha, as well as the average trees are  calculated and printed. Appendix 2 represents a form resulting from such  calculations by means of subroutine 2.

Preliminary DRIS norms for coastal Douglas-fir soils in Washington and Oregon

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Shumway ◽  
H.N. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Diagnostic Work

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) has been used successfully in agricultural crops and holds promise for use in forest stands. This study used soil tests to develop DRIS norms and evaluate their effectiveness in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests. DRIS norms for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium were developed using soil test and site index data from 72 soil series that commonly support Douglas-fir in western Washington. The norms were tested using soil test and stand basal area growth response data from 20 thinned and 30 unthinned N fertilizer test sites in coastal Washington and Oregon. Response to urea fertilizer in thinned stands averaged 34% and 43% for 224 and 448 kg N•ha−1, respectively, when N was identified as the most limiting nutrient. When N was not the most limiting nutrient, N response averaged 8% and 10% for 224 and 448 kg N•ha−1, respectively. Results were similar in unthinned stands and thinned stands, although response to fertilizer appeared to be slightly less in unthinned stands when N was the most limiting nutrient. DRIS correctly classified 25 of the 33 sites (76%) where N fertilizer increased growth by more than 15%. More importantly, 13 of the 17 (76%) sites that responded by less than 15% were correctly identified by DRIS. The results clearly indicate that N fertilizer response is dependent on the interactions (balance) between soil nutrients at a given site. Future soil diagnostic work needs to focus on techniques, like DRIS, that provide an assessment of these interactions.

scholarly journals Production potential of Douglas fir at mesotrophic sites of Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Mature Stands

: The study evaluates production parameters (height, diameter at breast height, volume) of Douglas fir (<I>Pseudotsuga menziesii</I> [Mirb.] Franco) at mesotrophic sites of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise in mature stands. In total, 29 mixed stands were assessed with the registered proportion of Douglas fir at an age of 85 to 136 years. Comparing the 10 largest Douglas firs with the 10 largest spruces or larches higher, and as a rule markedly higher, production potential of introduced Douglas fir was found in all assessed stands. There were also groups of trees where the volume of Douglas fir was twice to 3 times higher than the volume of spruce or larch (see Tabs. 5 to 10). For example, in stand 177B11, the mean volume of 9.12 m<sup>3</sup> was recorded in the 10 largest Douglas fir trees but the volume of spruce reached only 3.17 m<sup>3</sup> and the volume of larch was 3.70 m<sup>3</sup>. Differences in mensurational parameters of Douglas fir found on the one hand and of Norway spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.] Karst.) or European larch (<I>Larix decidua</I> Mill.) on the other hand compared by ANOVA tests were statistically highly significant. Annual ring analyses have shown that at present the volume increment of particular Douglas fir trees ranges from 0.12 to 0.16 m<sup>3</sup> per year in mature stands (i.e. about 1.5 m<sup>3</sup> every 10 years).

Stand growth responses after fertilization for thinned lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and spruce in forests of interior British Columbia, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1482
Author(s):  
Woongsoon Jang ◽  
Bianca N.I. Eskelson ◽  
Louise de Montigny ◽  
Catherine A. Bealle Statland ◽  
Derek F. Sattler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Responses

This study was conducted to quantify growth responses of three major commercial conifer species (lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson), interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), and spruce (white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and hybrid spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex. Engelm. × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière))) to various fertilizer blends in interior British Columbia, Canada. Over 25 years, growth-response data were repeatedly collected across 46 installations. The fertilizer blends were classified into three groups: nitrogen only; nitrogen and sulfur combined; and nitrogen, sulfur, and boron combined. The growth responses for stand volume, basal area, and top height were calculated through absolute and relative growth rate ratios relative to a controlled group. Fertilizer blend, inverse years since fertilization, site index, stand density at fertilization, and their interactions with the fertilizer blend were used as explanatory variables. The magnitude and significance of volume and basal area growth responses to fertilization differed by species, fertilizer-blend groups, and stand-condition variables (i.e., site index and stand density). In contrast, the response in top height growth did not differ among fertilization blends, with the exception of the nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer subgroup for lodgepole pine. The models developed in this study will be incorporated into the current growth and yield fertilization module (i.e., Table Interpolation Program for Stand Yields (TIPSY)), thereby supporting guidance of fertilization applications in interior forests in British Columbia.

scholarly journals Early Selection of Douglas-Fir across South Central Coastal Oregon, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Dean ◽  
R. W. Stonecypher
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
South Central ◽  
Coos Bay ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Details are given of three first-generation progeny tests (CB1, CB2 and CB3) of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [MIRB.] FRANCO var. menziesii) planted in the Coos Bay region of south-central coastal Oregon in 1973. The three tests included 15 polymix families based on a 10-pollen mix, and 27 families openpollinated on the ortet. The present study gives heritabilities and additive genetic correlations for growth measured between two and 17 years after planting. Correlated responses are estimated for volume at 17 years from early selection for height and diameter. Between four and 17 years after planting the individual heritability (h2) of height of coastal Douglas-fir across the Coos Bay tests was quite stable between h2 = 0.18 and 0.22. The heritability of stem diameter age-forage was consistently much lower than for height. In the critical age range for early selection between five and 10 years the individual heritability of diameter ranged from h2 = 0.07 to 0.10. The additive genetic correlations involving volume-17 and height or diameter increased to high values of rA = 0.80 to 0.84 between eight to 10 years after planting. Before seven years the absolute values of juvenilemature correlations were much lower. The higher heritability of height made this trait the best criterion for early indirect selection to improve mature stem volume growth. Across these Coos Bay tests, early selection on stem height measured at 5-8 years after planting was estimated to produce almost 40% more gain per year in volume-17 compared with direct selection at 17 years on volume-17 itself. The recommendation for maximizing gain per year in mature volume of coastal Douglas-fir at Coos Bay is to select on height at 7-8 years when the mean height of trees in tests should be around 4.5 to 5.5 meters.

Sitka alder, a candidate for mixed stands

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
Robert L. Deal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Mixed Stands

Juvenile height growth of Sitka alder (Alnussinuata (Regel) Rydb.), a nitrogen-fixing shrub, was examined on eight sites. The potential compatibility of mixed stands of Sitka alder and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was then assessed by comparing height-growth curves of the two species at early ages. Based on Sitka alder's low height and early slowdown in height growth, it appears to be a reasonable candidate for mixed stands on sites where additions of nitrogen or organic matter are desirable. On poor quality Douglas-fir sites, however, Douglas-fir should be given a head start to insure that it is not suppressed.

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