DISTRIBUTION OF CHRYSOLINA SPP. (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN EASTERN ONTARIO, 18 YEARS AFTER THEIR INITIAL RELEASE

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 937-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Fields ◽  
John T. Arnason ◽  
Bernard J.R. Philogène
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
St John's Wort ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Eastern Ontario

Hypericum perforatum L., St. John's - wort (Hypericaceae), is a cosmopolitan weed that, when eaten by livestock, causes photodermatitis, reduced weight gain, and, in extreme cases, death (Giese 1980). Chrysolina hyperici (Forester) and Chrysolina quadrigemina (Suffr.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) dramatically reduced populations of H. perforatum when introduced into Australia (Clark 1953) and the United States (Holloway and Huffaker 1951; Holloway 1957). These species also have served as effective biocontrol agents when introduced into central British Columbia (Smith 1958), Ontario, and Nova Scotia (Harris and Maw 1984). This paper surveys the distribution of Chrysolina spp. in eastern Ontario, 18 years after initial release of both species.

under Organic Cultivation

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 518a-518
Author(s):  
W. Letchamo ◽  
V.S. Krutilina ◽  
T. Kireeva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
The United States ◽  
St John’S Wort ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
St John's Wort ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Significant Difference

St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), a perennial from Hypericaceae, is one of the highly esteemed medicinal plants since ancient times. The tops are used for its soothing, calming antidepressant effects, wound healing, antispasmodic, and antiviral effects. Recently it has been found to be a natural substitute for “PROZAC™”. So far, most of the commercial supply of St. John's Wort originates from wild collections. Five different cultivars of Hypericum perforatum originating from Germany (`Due-1', `Due2') Canada (`Quebec'), United States (`TLF-1'), and Russia (`Russia') were grown under commercial organic cultivation. H. perforatum of Canadian origin (Quebec) and `TLF-1' from the United States (Washington and Oregon) were of a recent selection, while the German (Due-1, Due-2) and Russian cultivars were selected for higher yield and better concentration of the active constituents (essential oil, hypericin, and other related flavonoids). Seeds obtained from these cultivars were directly sown in the field, using animal manure, in Trout Lake Farm, Wash. There was a significant difference among the cultivars in morphology, flowering period, yield, and content of the essential oil. Cultivars Due-1, Due-2, and Russia showed an erect growth, with uniform flowering time and pattern, indicating the suitability of these cultivars for mechanical harvesting and better exposure of the flowers to sunlight. The highest herb yield was obtained from `TLF-1', while the lowest was obtained from `Quebec'. Cultivar TLF-1 came to flowering the latest, while `Due-1' was recorded to flower earliest and had the lowest shoot yield. The essential oil content of `Due-1', `Due-2' and `Russia' was significantly higher than `Quebec' and `TLF-1' cultivars.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE FACE FLY, MUSCA AUTUMNALIS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), IN WESTERN CANADA AND THE RELATION BETWEEN ITS ENVIRONMENT AND POPULATION DENSITY

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Depner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Population Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
The Face ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Musca Autumnalis

AbstractThe range of the face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer, has extended from the site of its first North American occurrence in Nova Scotia in 1952 to the northern half of the United States from coast to coast and every province in Canada. The first recorded appearance in Western Canada was at Virden, Man., in 1964 and it has since become established in eastern Saskatchewan. Face flies moved from Washington and Idaho into British Columbia in 1966. In 1967 they spread to most areas of the southern half of British Columbia and into southwestern Alberta through the Crowsnest Pass. Moisture and shade in pastures influenced the numbers of face flies seen on cattle and resulted in higher numbers than under dry prairie conditions.

St. John's Wort: A Review of an Herbal Antidepressant

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Tarolyn J. Snead ◽  
Cherry W. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Herbal Product ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
St John’S Wort ◽  
St John's Wort

Hypericum perforatum, more commonly known as St. John's wort, is an herbal product that has been utilized as an antidepressant in Europe for many years. This product has become popular in the United States as an alternative to traditional antidepressants. Due to the fact that St. John's wort is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), many questions exist about the safety and efficacy of this product. This article will provide a review of the history, pharmacology, and safety profile of St. John' wort, as well as its efficacy in the treatment of major depressive disorder.

Sources of Information About Gestational Weight Gain, Diet, and Exercise Among Brazilian Immigrant Women Living in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Lindsay ◽  
Qun Le ◽  
Denise Lima Nogueira ◽  
Márcia M. T. Machado ◽  
Mary L. Greaney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
First Time

Abstract Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess sources of information about gestational weight gain (GWG), diet, and exercise among first-time pregnant Brazilian women in the United States (US). Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Massachusetts, United States. Participants: First-time pregnant Brazilian women. Results: Eighty-six women, the majority of whom were immigrants (96.5%) classified as having low-acculturation levels (68%), participated in the study. Approximately two-thirds of respondents had sought information about GWG (72.1%), diet (79.1%), and exercise (74.4%) via the internet. Women classified as having low acculturation levels were more likely to seek information about GWG via the internet (OR = 7.55; 95% CI: 1.41, 40.26) than those with high acculturation levels after adjusting for age and receiving information about GWG from healthcare provider (doctor or midwife). Moreover, many respondents reported seeking information about GWG (67%), diet (71%), and exercise (52%) from family and friends. Women who self-identified as being overweight pre-pregnancy were less likely to seek information about diet (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.93) and exercise (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.96) from family and friends than those who self-identified being normal weight pre-pregnancy. Conclusions: This is the first study to assess sources of information about GWG, diet, and exercise among pregnant Brazilian immigrants in the US. Findings have implications for the design of interventions and suggest the potential of mHealth intervention as low-cost, easy access option for delivering culturally and linguistically tailored evidence-based information about GWG incorporating behavioral change practices to this growing immigrant group.

scholarly journals Patterns of dental antibiotic prescribing in 2017: Australia, England, United States, and British Columbia (Canada)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wendy Thompson ◽  
Leanne Teoh ◽  
Colin C. Hubbard ◽  
Fawziah Marra ◽  
David M. Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Behavior ◽  
The Us ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Objective: Our objective was to compare patterns of dental antibiotic prescribing in Australia, England, and North America (United States and British Columbia, Canada). Design: Population-level analysis of antibiotic prescription. Setting: Outpatient prescribing by dentists in 2017. Participants: Patients receiving an antibiotic dispensed by an outpatient pharmacy. Methods: Prescription-based rates adjusted by population were compared overall and by antibiotic class. Contingency tables assessed differences in the proportion of antibiotic class by country. Results: In 2017, dentists in the United States had the highest antibiotic prescribing rate per 1,000 population and Australia had the lowest rate. The penicillin class, particularly amoxicillin, was the most frequently prescribed for all countries. The second most common agents prescribed were clindamycin in the United States and British Columbia (Canada) and metronidazole in Australia and England. Broad-spectrum agents, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and azithromycin were the highest in Australia and the United States, respectively. Conclusion: Extreme differences exist in antibiotics prescribed by dentists in Australia, England, the United States, and British Columbia. The United States had twice the antibiotic prescription rate of Australia and the most frequently prescribed antibiotic in the US was clindamycin. Significant opportunities exist for the global dental community to update their prescribing behavior relating to second-line agents for penicillin allergic patients and to contribute to international efforts addressing antibiotic resistance. Patient safety improvements will result from optimizing dental antibiotic prescribing, especially for antibiotics associated with resistance (broad-spectrum agents) or C. difficile (clindamycin). Dental antibiotic stewardship programs are urgently needed worldwide.

Guidelines for Introducing Foreign Organisms into the United States for Biological Control of Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayton L. Klingman ◽  
Jack R. Coulson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Biological Control Of Weeds ◽  
Successful Program ◽  
Rush Skeletonweed

Research on biological control of weeds in the United States began early in this century with the use of introduced insects to control the weed, lantana (Lantana camara L.), in Hawaii. The highly successful program for biological control of St. Johnswort (sometimes called “Klamath weed”) (Hypericum perforatum L.) in California by the use of introduced insects in the 1940's and 1950's caused increased interest in this approach to weed control. As a result of this increased interest, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) established two overseas laboratories to study arthropod natural enemies of a number of weeds that had been introduced into the United States – in Rome, Italy, in 1959; and near Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1962. The recent and successful use of an introduced rust pathogen (Puccinia chondrillina Bubak & Syd.) to control rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) in Australia, and the production and utilization of pathogens for control of weeds in the United States, has spurred further interest in biological control.

AIR-BORNE POLLEN SURVEYS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
C. W. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Results from 17 pollen collecting stations in British Columbia indicate that air-borne pollen of ragweeds and their relatives, the principal causative agents of hay fever in North America, is practically absent throughout the province. Coniferous trees and shrubs such as pines, spruces, firs, cedars, Douglas fir, hemlocks and junipers produce the greater part of the air-borne pollen from March to early July. Pollen from alders, poplars, willows and birches is also prevalent in some areas in the early spring. The peak periods of grass pollen near the United States–Canadian border occur mainly in June and the early part of July, while further north they are about a month later. Of the four types of plantain pollen identified from the different collecting stations, English plantain was the most common, especially in the southwesterly part of the province. Pollen from the lambs’-quarters and amaranth families and wormwoods occurs mainly in the late summer and early fall and is more abundant in the dry interior than along the coast.

Comparing Apples with Apples in Clinical Populations: Applications of the Adjusted Clinical Group System in British Columbia

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Reid ◽  
Lorne Verhulst ◽  
Christopher B. Forrest
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Capitation Payments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Adjusted Clinical Groups ◽  
Adjusted Clinical Group

This article reviews the Adjusted Clinical Group Case-Mix System and describes how it is being applied in the management of physician services in British Columbia. Developed in the United States for management and research, adjusted clinical groups are used to measure the illness burden and health service needs of individuals and, when aggregated, of populations, by grouping the range of conditions coded on physician claims and hospital care records over a defined time period, typically one year. In Canadian and United States settings, adjusted clinical groups are up to five times more predictive of ambulatory resource use than are age and sex groups alone. The article describes how adjusted clinical groups are being applied to adjust capitation payments for physician groups in British Columbia's Primary Care Demonstration Project and profiles of physician practice activity.

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