NEW RECORDS OF PLANT SPECIES USED BY ADULT MONARCH BUTTERFLIES DANAUS PLEXIPPUS L. (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE: DANAINAE) DURING MIGRATION IN MEXICO

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rivera García ◽  
Miguel E. Equihua Zamora
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Cosmopolitan Species

Danausplexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is a cosmopolitan species, distributed in America wherever milkweed grows (Amett 1985). Its migratory phenomenon spans Canada, the United States, and Mexico and it has been considered endangered since the 1980s (IUCN 1983).Ackery and Van-Wright (1984) compiled 45 species of food plants used by immature stages and 70 species of plants attractive to adults of the Monarch butterfly. Malcolm and Brower (1986) listed 28 host plant species recorded in nature. Lynch and Martin (1993) added six Asclepias species and observed larvae on three species of milkweed vine, Sarcostemma crispum and S. cynancroides in Texas, and Cynanchum laeve in Louisiana.

scholarly journals Monarch butterfly and milkweed declines substantially predate the use of genetically modified crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 3006-3011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Boyle ◽  
H. J. Dalgleish ◽  
J. R. Puzey
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gm Crops ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Herbicide Use

Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) decline over the past 25 years has received considerable public and scientific attention, in large part because its decline, and that of its milkweed (Asclepias spp.) host plant, have been linked to genetically modified (GM) crops and associated herbicide use. Here, we use museum and herbaria specimens to extend our knowledge of the dynamics of both monarchs and milkweeds in the United States to more than a century, from 1900 to 2016. We show that both monarchs and milkweeds increased during the early 20th century and that recent declines are actually part of a much longer-term decline in both monarchs and milkweed beginning around 1950. Herbicide-resistant crops, therefore, are clearly not the only culprit and, likely, not even the primary culprit: Not only did monarch and milkweed declines begin decades before GM crops were introduced, but other variables, particularly a decline in the number of farms, predict common milkweed trends more strongly over the period studied here.

scholarly journals Uso y manejo de Ibervillea millspaughii (Cogn.) C. Jeffrey, Melothria pendula L. y otras especies silvestres de la familia Cucurbitacea: Posibles procesos de domesticación incipiente

2017 ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Rafael Lira ◽  
Alejandro Casas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Muscular Pain ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Information on use and management of wild species of Cucurbitaceae is presented, in order to analyze processes of incipient plant domestication. Ibervillea millspaughii is a perennial plant species with massive roots, distributed from Tamaulipas to Belize. Roots of this species are utilized as medicine in the treatment of arthritis, inflammations and muscular pain. Roots are commonly collected from individuals in wild populations, but, in some villages of Quinatana Roo people tolerate and enhance individuals of this plant species in anthropogenic areas; also, people cultivate this plant species in home gardens. Melothria pendula is distributed from the United States to Argentina. Fruits and young stems and leaves of this species are consumed as food and used in traditional medicine. These products are generally gathered from wild or weedy populations, but in La Montaña de Guerrero region, the tolerance of this species and the intentional dispersion of its seeds in anthropogenic areas are also common, in order to increase its availability. Use and propagation of this plant species may involve selection by people who distinguish between "bitter" and "sweet" variants, preferring the "sweet" ones. Sicyos parviflorus, Cyclanthera dissecta, C. langaei and C. ribiflora are consumed as greens by people in different regions of Mexico, who gather them from wild or weedy populations, although individual plants of these species are also tolerated in anthropogenic areas. The different forms of management identified in the species mentioned are possibly causing processes of domestication, but such processes are yet to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Alternanthera mosaic virus Found in Scutellaria, Crossandra, and Portulaca spp. in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Baker ◽  
L. Breman ◽  
L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
United States ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Partial Identity ◽  
Pcr Products

In the fall of 1998, the Division of Plant Industry (DPI) received vegetative propagations of Scutellaria longifolia (skullcap) with symptoms of foliar mosaic, chlorotic/necrotic ringspots, and wavy line patterns from a nursery in Manatee County. Flexuous particles approximately 500 nm long were found with electron microscopy. The plants tested positive for Papaya mosaic virus (PaMV) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test with antiserum to PaMV (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). However, in immunodiffusion tests (antiserum from D. Purcifull, University of Florida), this virus gave a reaction of partial identity indicating it was related but not identical to PaMV (1). The original infected plants were kept in a greenhouse. In January 2005, a specimen of Crossandra infundibuliformis (firecracker plant) with mosaic symptoms was submitted to the DPI from a nursery in Alachua County. Inclusions found with light microscopy and particles found with electron microscopy indicated that this plant was infected with a potexvirus. This was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers designed to detect members of the virus family Potexviridae (3). These plants reacted positive to PaMV antiserum in ELISA and gave a reaction of partial identity to PaMV in immunodiffusion. A specimen of Portulaca grandiflora (moss rose) with distorted leaves found at a local retail store was also tested and gave the same results. Leaves from each of the three plant species were rubbed onto a set of indicator plants using Carborundum and potassium phosphate buffer. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic indicator plants of Nicotiana benthamiana. RT-PCR (3) was performed, and PCR products were sequenced directly. Sequences of approximately 700 bp were obtained for all three plant species and showed 98% identity with each other. BLAST search results showed that these sequences were 93% identical to an Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) sequence at the nucleotide level but only 76% identical to PaMV. The amino acid sequences were 98 and 82% identical to AltMV and PaMV, respectively. The PCR products of the virus from Scutellaria sp. were cloned, resequenced, and the sequence was entered into the GenBank (Accession No. DQ393785). The bioassay results matched those found for AltMV in Australia (2) and the northeastern United States (4), except that the Florida viruses infected Datura stramonium and Digitalis purpurea (foxglove). The virus associated with the symptoms of these three plants appears to be AltMV and not PaMV. AltMV has been found in ornamental plants in Australia, Italy, and the United States (Pennsylvania, Maryland, and now Florida). Since this virus is known to infect several plants asymptomatically and can be easily confused with PaMV serologically, it is likely that the distribution of this virus is much wider than is known at this time. References: (1) L. L. Breman. Plant Pathology Circular No. 396. Fla. Dept. Agric. Consum. Serv. DPI, 1999. (2) A. D. W. Geering and J. E. Thomas. Arch Virol 144:577, 1999. (3) A. Gibbs et al. J Virol Methods 74:67, 1998. (4) J. Hammond et al. Arch Virol. 151:477, 2006.

scholarly journals Predators of monarch butterfly eggs and neonate larvae are more diverse than previously recognised

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Hermann ◽  
Carissa Blackledge ◽  
Nathan L. Haan ◽  
Andrew T. Myers ◽  
Douglas A. Landis
Keyword(s):  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Neonate Larvae ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Predator Community

Abstract Conserving threatened organisms requires knowledge of the factors impacting their populations. The Eastern monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) has declined by as much as 80% in the past two decades and conservation biologists are actively seeking to understand and reverse this decline. While it is well known that most monarchs die as eggs and young larvae, few studies have focused on identifying what arthropod taxa contribute to these losses. The aim of our study was to identify previously undocumented predators of immature monarchs in their summer breeding range in the United States. Using no-choice feeding assays augmented with field observations, we evaluated 75 arthropod taxa commonly found on the primary host plant for their propensity to consume immature monarchs. Here we report 36 previously unreported monarch predators, including representatives from 4 new orders (Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Lepidoptera and Opiliones) and 11 taxa (Acrididae, Gryllidae, Tettigoniidae, Forficulidae, Anthocoridae, Geocoridae, Lygaeidae, Miridae, Nabidae, Erebidae and Opilliones). Surprisingly, several putative herbivores were found to readily consume immature monarchs, both in a targeted fashion or incidentally as a result of herbivory. This work expands our understanding of the monarch predator community and highlights the importance of unrecognized predation on insects of conservation concern.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Beauveria Bassiana Fungus for Boxelder Bug Adult Control, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
James A. Reinert ◽  
Steven J. Maranz ◽  
T. A. Knauf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Good Coverage

Abstract Boxelder bug is an annual house-hold nuisance pest which leaves its host plant in late fall to seek overwintering sites in and around buildings. It is a pest from coast to coast in the United States and southern Canada. Adults for the study were collected from a heavy seeding big-toothed maple in the landscape at Texas A&M Univ. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Dallas, TX. A maple leaf and 3 seeds as food were dipped in the appropriate dilutions of BioCide-TRFTm (Mycotrol GH-ES) Beauveria bassiana (2.0 X 1013 conidia/qt), and placed on two water saturated filter papers (for high humidity) in each feeding chamber in the lab. Five randomly selected adults were introduced into each 9 cm diam X 15 mm deep plastic feeding chambers labeled for respective treatments in a RCB design with 6 replica-tions. Silwet (0.04%) was added to each treatment as a wetting agent to ensure good coverage. The bugs exposed to different treatments were observed daily for mortality; all dead insects were held for several days to confirm the fungus activity indicated by an expression of mycelia from the joints of dead insects.

scholarly journals Diaspididae on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) from Colombia: New records and a taxonomic key to their identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 8139-8154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Amalia Ramos-Portilla ◽  
Alejandro Caballero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Records ◽  
The United States ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Taxonomic Key ◽  
First Time ◽  
Citrus Spp

In this manuscript Aonidiella comperei is reported for the first time in Colombia; The specimens were found associated with branches, leaves and fruits of Citrus x latifolia (Rutaceae) in the department of Tolima. Also, we obtained physical evidence of the association of Parlatoria ziziphi and Citrus x limonia (Rutaceae) in Colombia from a sample collected in the field; until this paper the only record of P. ziziphi in the country came from specimens intercepted in a quarantine inspection at a port of entry in the United States. Field and slide-mounted characteristics are provided for A. comperei. Also a taxonomic key to species of Diaspididae present on Citrus spp. in Colombia is given.

Three New Records of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in British Columbia

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
A. R. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
New Records ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
First Time

Myzocallidium riehmi (Börner) was collected from sweet clover at Creston in June, 1957. This is the first time this aphid of potential economic importance has been identified from British Columbia. It occurs throughout the United States (Russell, 1957); in Ontario, Ottawa being near the northern limit of its range (W. R. Richards, in litt.); and was identified for the first time from Manitoba in 1956 (Bird and Robinson, 1957)

scholarly journals Twobandad Japanese Weevil, Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus Roelofs (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

EDIS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamba Gyeltshen ◽  
Amanda Hodges
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Washington County ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Important Pest

The twobanded Japanese weevil, Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus (Roelofs), first collected in the United States in 1914 near Philadelphia, was most likely introduced with infested nursery stock from Japan (Wheeler and Boyd 2005). With a host range of over 100 plant species, the twobanded Japanese weevil is recognized in the northeastern and midwestern United States as an important pest of landscape plantings (Wheeler and Boyd 2005). Although not a pest of major concern yet in the southeastern states, it is likely to extend its range due to movement of nursery stock. In July 2005, two specimens of the twobanded Japanese weevil were collected at Chipley, Florida, which is in Washington county (Thomas 2005). This document is EENY-361 (IN646), one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date December 2005. EENY361/IN646: Twobanded Japanese Weevil, Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus Roelofs (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Cattle Grubs

EDIS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip E. Kaufman ◽  
Philip G. Koehler ◽  
Jerry F. Butler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
The Common

Cattle grubs (Figure 1) are the immature stages of warble flies or heel flies (Figure 2). Two species of cattle grubs occur in the United States -- the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum, and the northern cattle grub, Hypoderma bovis. The common cattle grub is found in Florida; however the northern cattle grub is usually found in cattle shipped to Florida from other states. Recent observations have indicated that the northern cattle grub may be becoming established in Florida. This document is ENY-270 (IG126), one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date: May 1995. Revised: March 2006. 

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