GEOGRAPHIC INCIDENCE AND DAMAGE LEVELS OF ALFALFA SEED CHALCID, BRUCHOPHAGUS RODDI (HYMENOPTERA: EURYTOMIDAE), IN SASKATCHEWAN, AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WEATHER AND AGRONOMIC VARIABLES AND PRODUCTION PRACTICES

AbstractA 5-year survey of Saskatchewan alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. sensu lato) seed fields was undertaken to determine the level of infestation by the alfalfa seed chalcid, Bruchophagus roddi (Gussakovsky). Seed samples were taken from commercial seed fields, hay fields, and roadsides just before pod maturity. From sample lots of 250 pods, the numbers of healthy, chalcid-damaged, and frozen or immature seed were determined. Later, producers were questioned about the attributes of and management practices employed in their fields. Seed yields and infestation levels were correlated with temperature, precipitation, and degree-day data from the year of and the year preceding seed collection. Alfalfa seed chalcid infestation level was correlated most closely with the temperature and rainfall in July and August of both years. The proportion of damaged seed was highest the year following warm, dry summers. Alfalfa cultivar also influenced infestation levels; winter-hardy cultivars that became dormant early in the autumn had lower levels of chalcid-damaged seeds than less hardy cultivars which maintained growth later in the season. Management practices such as the use of insecticides (for plant bug and aphid control), fertilizers, and herbicides, size or age of field, soil type, and application of irrigation water did not affect the proportion of seeds injured by chalcids.

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Concepts and Practices for Improving Nitrogen Management for Vegetables

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.2.1.121 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 121-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

George J. Hochmuth

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

Land Grant ◽

Land Grant Universities ◽

Production Practices ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

N Management

Efficient N management practices usually involve many potential strategies, but always involve choosing the correct amount of N and the coupling of N management to efficient water management. Nitrogen management strategies are integral parts of improved production practices recommended by land-grant universities such as the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Florida. This paper, which draws heavily on research and experience in Florida, outlines the concepts and technologies for managing vegetable N fertilization to minimize negative impacts on the environment.

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Alfalfa Seed Yields from Seeded Rows vs. Spaced Transplants 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1976.0011183x001600020027x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 268-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Clarence M. Rincker

Keyword(s):

Alfalfa Seed ◽

Seed Yields

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Innovative Extension Methods in the U.S. to Promote Irrigation Water Management

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.13929 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 1549-1558

Author(s):

Daran R. Rudnick ◽

Matt Stockton ◽

Saleh Taghvaeian ◽

Jason Warren ◽

Michael D. Dukes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Experiential Learning ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Management Practices ◽

New Technology ◽

List Type ◽

Extension Programs ◽

Irrigation Water Management ◽

Primary Means

HIGHLIGHTSUniversity extension has been playing a larger role, serving a larger number of irrigated farms.Extension programs in irrigation water management (IWM) have been transitioning away from lectures and field tours as the primary means of knowledge transfer.New IWM programs focus on experiential learning, development of practitioner networks, and industry participation.Abstract. Promotion and adoption of irrigation water management (IWM) technology, tools, and best management practices are important as water availability concerns are addressed. Traditional extension programs have relied on lecture presentations, field tours, fact sheets, and on-station demonstrations to promote IWM practices and tools. However, these platforms tend not to provide the experience and opportunity for growers to identify and become comfortable with innovative solutions, such as new technology. To address these challenges and to appeal to an ever-changing client base, innovative and locally relevant extension and outreach programs have been devised to engage and educate growers. This article describes some of these programs that extend beyond previous traditional programs to connect growers with IWM. Keywords: Demonstrations, Experiential learning, Grower competition, Outreach, Practitioner networks.

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Microbiological evaluation of lettuce produced by conventional and organic systems in farms of Londrina, PR

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1p175 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natalia Harumi Niguma ◽

Jacinta Sanchez Pelayo ◽

Tereza Cristina Rocha Moreira de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Organic Production ◽

Conventional System ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Organic System ◽

E Coli ◽

Organic Systems ◽

Production Practices

The aims of this study were to evaluate the contamination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), produced in Londrina, Paraná (PR), with total coliform, coliform at 45 °C, E. coli, and Salmonella spp.; and to determine the E. coli contamination of irrigation water used at the farms studied. Four farms were evaluated, of which three produced lettuce using a conventional system and one using an organic system. An evaluation of the production practices of the farms was also carried out. A total of 111 samples were analyzed, 71 lettuce samples from the conventional system and 40 samples from the organic system. A total of eight irrigation water samples were collected for analysis. Coliform at 45 °C counts above the limit tolerated by Brazilian legislation were observed in 2.8% (2/71) of conventionally grown lettuce samples, and Salmonella spp. was isolated in 1.4% (1/71) of those samples. In the organic lettuce samples, 12.5% (5/40) had coliform at 45 °C counts above the limit tolerated and Salmonella spp. was not detected. Irrigation water samples from three farms were unsatisfactory, with counts higher than 102MPN of E. coli per 100mL. The results of this study demonstrate that most conventionally grown lettuce samples show good sanitary conditions in production, and that lettuce contamination is not related to contamination found in irrigation water samples. The results also showed that the organic production practices required by Brazilian certification agencies should be applied to ensure that contamination of produced lettuce remains controlled.

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Perceptions of Irrigation Water Management Practices in the Mississippi Delta

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010186 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Carson Roberts ◽

Drew M. Gholson ◽

Nicolas Quintana-Ashwell ◽

Gurpreet Kaur ◽

Gurbir Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Mississippi River ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Management Practices ◽

Mississippi Delta ◽

Water Saving ◽

Irrigation Water Management ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Irrigation Technology ◽

Over Time

The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) is being depleted, and practices that improve water stewardship have been developed to reduce drawdown. This study assesses how Mississippi Delta producers changed their perceptions of these practices over time. The analysis employs data from two surveys carried-out in 2012 and 2014 of all Mississippi permittees who held an agricultural well permit drawing from the MRVAA. Focusing on water-saving practices, this study found that producer perception of the usability of flowmeters improved over time. About 80% and 90% more producers growing corn and soybeans, respectively, felt that computerized hole selection was highly efficient. In 2014, 38% of corn and 35% of soybean producers believed that shortened furrow length was a highly efficient practice—up from 21% in corn and 24% in soybean producers in 2012. Approval of irrigation automation, moisture probes, and other irrigation technology rose from 75%of producers in 2012 to 88% by 2014. Favorability toward water-saving practices increased overall between the survey years.

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Preharvest glyphosate in alfalfa for seed production: Effect on alfalfa seed yield and quality

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p01-196 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 189-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W. E. May ◽

H. A. Loeppky ◽

D. C. Murrell ◽

C. D. Myhre ◽

J. J. Soroka

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Canada Thistle ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Alfalfa Seed ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Seed Yields

Preharvest applications of glyphosate have been shown to be effective in controlling Canada thistle in annual crops, but may reduce alfalfa seed yield depending on time and rate of application. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on subsequent alfalfa seed yield and quality. The effects of timing, 1, 26, 51 and 76% alfalfa seed pod maturity, and rate, 0, 440, 880, 1320, and 1760 g a.i. ha-1, of a preharvest application of glyphosate on alfalfa seed yield and quality in the year of application, and regrowth and seed yield in the following year were determined. The rate of glyphosate applied did not affect seed yield in the application year; however, in the following year, growth and seed yield were reduced as rates increased. Delaying the application of glyphosate increased seed yields in the application year, but decreased alfalfa regrowth and flowering the following year. Germination and seedling emergence were not affected by the rate or timing of the glyphosate. A preharvest application of glyphosate at 1760 g a.i. ha-1 at 76% pod maturity is a viable option in the last year of seed production. Key words: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), glyphosate, abnormal seeds, seed quality, and seedling vigour

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Irrigation Management and Water Pricing in Turkey

Sustainable Policy Applications for Social Ecology and Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-1586-1.ch006 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 73-86

Author(s):

Erol H. Cakmak

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Management Practices ◽

Global Climate ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Water Pricing ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Water Users ◽

Total Water Consumption ◽

Water Charges ◽

Almost All

Irrigated agriculture in Turkey currently consumes 75 percent of the total water consumption, which corresponds to about 30 percent of the renewable water supply. Unfavorable future global climate and economic conditions will increase the stress in the water sector. The operation and maintenance (O&M) of almost all large surface irrigation schemes developed by the state has been transferred to irrigation associations governed by the farmers. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of irrigation management practices and an evaluation of irrigation water pricing after the transfer using price data at the association level since 1999. Results indicate that both irrigation water charges and collection rates increased following the transfer. However, the recuperation of investment costs for irrigation development from the users has remained minimal. The price of the irrigation water continued to be on per hectare basis, and farmers using pumping water face 2.5 times higher water charge per hectare then the gravity water users. The uptake of more efficient water application technology accompanied by pricing mechanisms reflecting scarcity value of water will certainly ease the adjustment burden of the irrigation sector in the future.

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Irrigation Management and Water Pricing in Turkey

International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development ◽

10.4018/jsesd.2010040102 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 13-26

Author(s):

Erol H. Cakmak

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Management Practices ◽

Global Climate ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Water Pricing ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Water Users ◽

Total Water Consumption ◽

Water Charges ◽

Almost All

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Effect of Irrigation Water Containing Iodine on Plant Physiological Processes and Elemental Concentrations of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivated in Different Soils

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10050720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 720 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Péter Dobosy ◽

Viktória Vetési ◽

Sirat Sandil ◽

Anett Endrédi ◽

Krisztina Kröpfl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Soil Type ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Physiological Characteristic ◽

Tomato Fruits ◽

Sandy Silt ◽

Iodine Treatment

Iodine uptake and translocation was studied in cabbage and tomato cultivated on different soil types (sand, sandy silt, silt) by applying irrigation water containing iodine at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L. Iodine treatment at the concentrations applied did not significantly influence the photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll concentration of cabbage and tomato leaves. The growth of cabbage leaves cultivated on sand and sandy silt soil with iodine treatment was slightly stimulated, while, on silt soil, it remained unchanged; for tomato plant parts, independent of the soil-type, the dry mass values remained constant. It can be concluded that iodine treatment had no negative effect on the physiological characteristic of cabbage and tomato plants. Applying 0.5 mg/L in the irrigation water, the highest biofortification with iodine was achieved in plants cultivated in sandy soil and the iodine concentration calculated in the dry matter amounted to 10 and 3.6 mg/kg in the leaves and fruits of cabbage and tomato, respectively. Considering the iodine and moisture content of cabbage leaves and tomato fruits, the consumption of 100 g of fresh vegetable would cover about 80% and 15% of the recommended iodine intake, respectively. The presence of iodine resulted in a reduction in Fe and P concentrations in tomato fruits independent of the soil-type; however, the concentration of Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, and B remained practically unchanged. However, for cabbage, no similar trend for Fe and P was observed.

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